Indoor decoration must deal with all kinds of decoration materials and paints, and the toxic and harmful gases contained in these materials are the main harmful factors causing occupational diseases of workers in the decoration industry. Such as formaldehyde, benzene and ammonia.
Among them, formaldehyde mainly exists in decorative materials made of urea-formaldehyde resin and phenolic resin, especially wood-based panels and adhesives. Decoration carpenters use these materials to assemble or bond with their bare hands in the process of work. Without taking any protective measures, they are easily exposed to higher concentrations of formaldehyde, which may easily cause headaches, dizziness, allergic asthma, allergic purpura, and even lead to tumors in severe cases.
Benzene and its homologues include paints mainly used for decoration such as benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene, additives for various paints and coatings, and diluting various adhesives and waterproof materials. Benzene is volatile, especially in summer. If decoration workers have acute benzene poisoning, it will cause damage to the central nervous system of human body. Mild people will be dizzy, nausea, chest tightness and fatigue, while severe people will be in a coma and even die of respiratory and circulatory failure. For example, exposure to low concentrations of benzene during decoration will cause chronic benzene poisoning, and those with hematopoietic dysfunction will have aplastic anemia or leukemia.
Ammonia mainly comes from concrete admixture used in construction. Especially in winter, urea and ammonia water are added to the concrete wall as the main primary concrete antifreeze, which is reduced to ammonia with the change of environmental factors such as temperature, resulting in the increase of ammonia concentration in indoor air. In addition, the additives and brighteners used in furniture finishing contain ammonia water, which has a high degree of short-term contact and is harmful to decorators. Once ammonia poisoning occurs, it will cause irritating damage to human respiratory tract, eyes and skin, causing tears, cough, nausea, and even dyspnea and pulmonary edema.
In addition, some radioactive substances, such as radon, mainly come from stone materials, such as granite, marble, gypsum, building ceramics, tiles and so on. Long-term exposure to radiation and radioactive gas radon produced by radioactive nucleation in decorative materials such as granite and marble can affect the system and hematopoietic function of restorers and even lead to lung cancer.
Dust is the chief culprit leading to respiratory diseases of decoration workers. The sawdust dust, cement dust, silica dust, gypsum dust, ceramic dust, organic dust and so on produced during the repair of cattle are inhaled into the body, which can cause pneumoconiosis, dust deposition and chronic inflammation of respiratory tract. In addition, due to the use of high-noise equipment such as chainsaws, hammers, electric drills, planers and cutting saws, as well as the weak sense of continuity of construction and personal occupational protection, decoration workers are easily affected by high noise and local arm vibration. In addition, decorators are often exposed to strong noise and vibration, which will inevitably damage their health in the long run and affect their hearing system, immune system and nervous system.
There are many harmful factors in the decoration process. If there is no protection or improper protection, it will cause all kinds of acute and chronic occupational poisoning, pneumoconiosis, tumor and noise deafness. In addition, this group has great mobility, weak awareness of protection, long working hours every day, and some decoration workers often stay at the decoration site, so the degree of harm they face is far greater than that of workers exposed to occupational hazards in some productive enterprises, and their health protection status is worrying.
How to prevent occupational hazards in decoration industry
At present, some occupational diseases of decoration workers are largely related to the lack of self-protection awareness and imperfect industry norms of decoration workers. With the promulgation and implementation of the national mandatory standards for decorative materials, the harmful degree of decorative materials has been greatly reduced. In order to protect the health of decoration personnel, we should strengthen the protection from the following points:
Strengthening the vocational training of decoration workers is an important content of occupational health protection for decoration workers. During the training, decoration workers should be required to wear corresponding occupational health protection articles such as dust masks, formaldehyde masks and gas masks according to the different nature of the public.
When decorating, the owner should give priority to using non-toxic or low-toxic new environmental protection materials, such as benzene-free paint and low-formaldehyde synthetic board. Decoration workers should also refuse to use unlabeled ingredients, Chinese instructions, hazard and protection instructions, and materials that are highly toxic and cannot be personally protected.
When decorating, open doors and windows to keep indoor ventilation. Unused paint, coatings, etc. Must be sealed and preserved. Thereby reducing the volatilization amount. Wear a gas mask when painting, painting, waterproof treatment, etc. When grinding and cutting floor tiles or tiles, try to use wet methods and wear dust masks. Wear earplugs or earmuffs when doing noisy work, and clean up the discarded decorative materials in time.
Should try to reduce the high temperature season to engage in decoration work, because the release of harmful gases will increase with the increase of temperature; Shorten the continuous working hours, arrange the rest time properly, breathe fresh air outdoors and take a bath after work.
Decoration workers should improve their awareness of health protection, and carry out occupational health examination at least once a year, especially workers who are often exposed to benzene-containing materials or suspected high-radioactive stone materials should have blood analysis and laboratory tests regularly, and bricklayers and carpenters who are exposed to dust should take X-ray chest films. In addition, in case of poisoning due to accidents or high concentration of volatile poisons, the decoration personnel should leave the scene immediately, move to fresh air, take off contaminated clothes, rinse the skin with clean water, and go to the hospital for treatment in time.
When working, workers should not only be equipped with corresponding protective tools, but also bring some basic drugs for external use, such as mercuric chloride and band-aid, to avoid toxic substances from entering the human body due to minor injuries during construction. In addition, decoration workers can also prepare some boat-fruited Sterculia tea and honeysuckle tea for clearing away heat and lung, and bring them to the construction site as drinks, which can also reduce and alleviate the occurrence of inflammatory occupational diseases such as pharyngitis and gastritis.