How to make students have healthy mental health in adolescence

In recent years, the mental health problems of teenagers have attracted the attention of all walks of life in our country. There are many surveys on the mental health of adolescent students. Adolescence is an important stage of human growth and maturity. A person's physical quality, ideological and moral character, ideal sentiment, knowledge and talent are basically formed in adolescence. Adolescent education is a process to solve the problem of adolescent students' sexual maturity and psychological development, determine their educational goals, and achieve this goal through corresponding education, so as to urge students with rebellious psychology in this period to devote their energy to improving their physical quality, scientific and cultural quality and ideological and moral quality. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and discuss this issue. Reverse psychology, also known as reverse psychology or reverse psychology, refers to a psychological state in which people take opposite attitudes and words and deeds to each other's demands in order to maintain self-esteem. In our teaching work and daily life, teachers and parents often complain that students are disobedient and often take a strong confrontational attitude towards teachers and parents. Rebellious psychology is a psychological state in which young students adopt attitudes and words contrary to common sense in order to maintain their self-esteem. Correctly treating teenagers' rebellious psychology is a common problem that cannot be ignored in current youth education. It is an important task for schools and families to carry out adolescent mental health education to understand the manifestations and negative effects of adolescent students' rebellious psychology, analyze its causes and explore educational methods to deal with rebellious psychology. Rebellious psychology is a common psychological phenomenon in adolescence. As long as we understand its causes, take practical measures, treat adolescent students' rebellious psychology correctly, prevent and overcome the adverse effects of adolescent negative rebellious psychology, and turn it into positive aspects, we can cultivate their good psychological quality and make their psychological health develop. I. Puberty, Puberty Education and Its Importance (I) Puberty From a biological point of view, adolescence is the second climax of the growth and differentiation of the body and sexual organs in the process of life development, and it is a period of rapid development of the human body. Adolescence is an important stage of a person's growth and maturity. A person's physical quality, ideology and morality, ideal sentiment and intellectual ability are basically formed in adolescence. Adolescent education plays an important guiding role in the growth of teenagers. (2) Adolescent education Adolescent education is an important part of socialist spiritual civilization construction and students' quality education. It aims to solve the problem of teenagers' sexual maturity and psychological development, set their educational goals, and achieve this goal through corresponding education, so as to urge teenagers to devote their energy to improving their physical quality, scientific and cultural quality and ideological and moral quality, and take the first step of youth. This is the need to protect the healthy growth of teenagers and an important measure to improve the quality of the nation. Different people have different understandings of adolescent education. Japanese psychologists believe that adolescence is a period when sexual consciousness, sexual maturity and sexual behavior are strongly and rapidly formed [2]. In this period, if sex education is not strengthened, it will not only affect the formation of a good social order, but also affect the establishment of heterosexual relations in happy families. Professor Wu Jieping of our country believes that adolescent education is aimed at the physiological and psychological characteristics of adolescents. Generally speaking, it is a comprehensive education in personality education, life education, ideological and moral education, patriotism education, law-abiding education, sexual knowledge and sexual morality education. (3) The importance of adolescent education. Youth education plays an important role in promoting the healthy development of young people, especially their socialization, because people's socialization is a lifelong process. Adolescent education strengthens the self-awareness of teenagers. The so-called self-awareness refers to a kind of feeling and thinking subject-people's self-experience of the content, process and result of their own psychological, thinking and behavioral activities. After entering adolescence, teenagers' self-awareness develops further, from self-perception to reflective self-awareness, they begin to discover their inner world and have the ability to meditate on their inner feelings. From then on, the formation and development of personality will be consciously carried out under the guidance of self-awareness, and with the improvement of ideological and political consciousness, the world outlook and outlook on life will be gradually formed, so that the development of personality quality is subordinate to lofty ideals and inner beliefs. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of students with obvious self-awareness in the process of personality formation is helpful for us to carry out adolescent education. To give full play to the role of teenagers' subjective consciousness in adolescent education is an important link to improve the effect of adolescent education. 2. Adolescence education enhances teenagers' social role consciousness and ability. After entering adolescence, teenagers' self-awareness is gradually enhanced, but this only provides a subjective premise for adapting to society. We should not only base ourselves on society, but also undertake certain responsibilities and obligations in society and make a difference to society. These are often manifested as being competent for certain social roles. Teenagers' education plays an active role in promoting teenagers' ability to acquire social roles. (1) Spring education promotes teenagers' ability to distinguish social role types. Society is made up of various relationships, and people play the same social role in different positions in social relations. Due to the complexity and diversity of social relations, people with the same social status play different roles at the same time. Among these numerous social roles, individuals play different types of social roles, and their performances will be different. (2) Adolescent education promotes the sound ability of teenagers' social role-playing psychology. In real life, we often see that teenagers generally have a tendency to deviate from social norms. For example, teenagers choose words or behaviors that are different or opposite to the requirements of social norms, forming an attitude opposite to social norms. The performance is that some young students know that they can't jump in line and vomit, but they still do it; There are also young students who are not active, drag their feet, speak ill and have problems, deliberately creating obstacles to the implementation of the norms and achieving the purpose of resisting them; Some pornographic books, audio-visual products, manuscripts, even drug abuse and other behaviors that seriously affect their physical and mental health also appear among teenagers. (3) Adolescent education promotes the adaptability of teenagers' social roles. The internal regulations of social roles are determined by a specific era and a specific social lifestyle, and are not subjectively invented by anyone. With the change and development of society, the expectations of society for various roles and the specific internal regulations of various social roles will also change. Second, the causes of adolescent students' rebellious psychology (1) and the psychological characteristics of adolescent students 1. To analyze the rebellious psychology of adolescent students, we must first master the psychological characteristics of students in this period: (1) They have a strong sense of independence, a high desire to express themselves, and they like to be unconventional. When something happens, they always want to express their unique opinions and make outrageous actions to attract others' attention and show their independent personality. (2) curiosity. Psychologists believe that when something is banned, it is easy to arouse people's curiosity and thirst for knowledge. Especially in the case of prohibition without any explanation, a strong sense of mystery is more likely to arouse people's speculation. Those film and television advertisements that are "not suitable for teenagers to watch" are to use teenagers' curiosity to attract more teenagers to watch. (3) rebellious psychology. Once a person holds a negative attitude, he will also hold a negative attitude towards his views and actions. For example, teachers always criticize underachievers, and underachievers may not listen to their teachers and have rebellious mentality. (4) extreme psychology. Adolescent students lack social experience and knowledge. They look at the problem too simply or even unilaterally, often attacking a little, not as good as the rest, but they are complacent about it. 2. The objective reason of rebellious psychology is that the society lacks a sense of identity with young students' independent consciousness. Today's young people, mostly only children, are called "the big generation" by the society. Public opinion is often worried about the future of these children, their ability to stand on their own feet, and their inability to shoulder the heavy responsibility of building the motherland in the future. It can be said that the main responsibility for children's poor self-reliance lies not in pure children in Qian Qian, but in our society and family, and that our educational system and methods violate the objective laws of people's psychological and physical development. Third, the performance of adolescent students' rebellious psychology in school education 1. Negative thinking, positive publicity. A considerable number of young students show a negative thinking of disapproval and distrust in the propaganda of schools, leaders and teachers. In the process of education, many educators hope to educate and mobilize the enthusiasm of infected young students through the touching stories of advanced figures, so as to achieve the purpose of encouraging backward students. But the result is often counterproductive. Some advanced figures are described as "speculators" or "fools" who pursue fame and fortune, and they doubt their motives for no reason, thus denying their advanced deeds. For the role models around you, label them as "flattering" and give them rejection and ridicule. 2. Emotional identification with bad tendencies. In some adolescent students, fighting is regarded as courage; Open confrontation with teachers and leaders is regarded as capable; Bad behavior tendencies such as buddy loyalty have won the recognition of many people. However, those adolescent students who are ready to help others, care for the collective, care for public property, and abide by the school rules and regulations are wantonly satirized, resulting in a situation in which good people are not praised, bad people have a market, and bad people are not suppressed. 3. Negative resistance or denial of ideological education and compliance with rules and regulations. Adolescent students with rebellious psychology are very indifferent to ideological and political education, and think that ideological and political education is big and empty, and it is a mere formality, which does not conform to the real life of adolescent students. Therefore, the attitude of dealing with, resisting and passively confronting ideological and political education is adopted. It shows a kind of disapproval, distrust, reverse thinking and unwarranted denial of the school, teacher education and school system. 4. Extreme judgment on teachers' teaching and behavior. Due to the disapproval and resistance of some teachers in the school, the study of subjects taught by teachers and related subjects has declined. Some students have poor initiative and consciousness in learning. Instead of finding their own reasons, they always find fault with teachers, oppose teachers and incite students' opposition. Not only do they not learn from themselves, but they also form a hostile force against them. This is also a common phenomenon among adolescent students. Fourthly, adolescent students' rebellious psychology is 1 in social life and family, and their resistance to adults and parents is obviously enhanced. Adolescent students are unwilling to be taken care of or interfered by their parents in life, and even feel bored; When judging the merits of some things, they are unwilling to listen to their parents' opinions and have a strong desire to express their opinions; Taking a heretical view of some traditional and authoritative conclusions will often lead to too much criticism. 2. Blind trust and closeness to the opposite sex are enhanced. Adolescent students have a desire to communicate with the opposite sex because of their mature sexual development. For example, I like to be close to the opposite sex, want to know about sexual knowledge, like to show myself in front of the opposite sex, and even have hazy love ideas. The "puppy love" of adolescent students is a headache for parents and schools, and it is getting worse. The blindness and instability of "puppy love" make many students' emotional function weakened and their emotions unstable. Sometimes happy, sometimes depressed, sometimes self-admiring, sometimes self-loathing, lacking the ability to control the change of self-feeling, not only affects learning and health, but also falls into the trap under the strong temptation of social bad factors. 3. The blockade of the inner world. Adolescent students need to communicate with peers, especially with the opposite sex and parents on an equal footing. They are eager for others to treat each other with an open mind like themselves. But because everyone's personality and ideas are different, I can't find the object to project this desire, so I have to say it in my diary. The truth written in these diaries, because of self-esteem, does not want to be known by others, so it forms the ambivalence of wanting to be known by others but being afraid of being known by others. Long-term psychological depression will make students fall into a vicious circle. They are eager to understand but can't express it, so they will feel that no one understands and will explode on special occasions. Even some adolescent students suffer from autism because they can't express themselves or choose to commit suicide to solve the problem. 4. Contradictory attitude towards social needs. Teenagers' consciousness and self-control have been strengthened while their psychological independence and sense of adulthood have emerged. In the interaction with others, they subjectively hope that they can consciously abide by the rules and do their best, but objectively it is often difficult to control their emotions well, and sometimes they act rashly, which makes them fall into the contradiction of strong self-control but impulsive. 5. Indifference to society and family. Today's teenagers are born after the reform and opening up, and live in today's increasingly rich material and cultural life. They know little or nothing about China's yesterday. They think it is unimaginable that our ancestors suffered. V. The harm of adolescent students' rebellious psychology Among adolescent students, rebellious psychology is mainly manifested as not being interested in the educational content of the school, being resistant to the teacher's positive requirements, and resolutely doing what the teacher does not allow them to do. The rebellious psychology of middle school students is a common problem. 1, rebellious psychology fetters the physical and mental development of adolescent students. Due to the rebellious psychology of young students and the negative effect of rebellious behavior caused by rebellious psychology, young students can't effectively gain useful experience from adults, learn lessons from others' failures and get inspiration from others' successes, which will hinder their healthy growth and social maturity. 2. Rebellious psychology will lead adolescent students astray, causing different degrees of physical and mental harm and other adverse consequences. Students' rebellious psychology and behavior make them reckless, ignore school rules and challenge social rules. For example, some students don't listen to the advice of teachers and parents about puppy love, secretly chase the opposite sex, spend a lot of time and energy on naive "gender" relations, waste time and energy, and affect their academic performance. There are also some students who violate the student code and public living standards, smoke and drink a lot, and become "smokers" and "alcoholics" prematurely, which affects their physical development and physical and mental health. 3. The contradiction between self-control and impulsiveness Teenagers' self-awareness and self-control are enhanced while their psychological independence and sense of adulthood appear. In their communication with others, they subjectively hope that they can consciously abide by the rules and try their best to fulfill their obligations at any time, but objectively it is often difficult to control their emotions well and sometimes act rashly, which makes them fall into the contradiction of strong self-control but impulsive. Countermeasures for Students' Adolescent Rebellious Psychology (1) Teachers should have a correct understanding of adolescent rebellious psychology. First of all, we should realize that rebellious psychology is a cross-cultural social psychological phenomenon, which existed in the past, exists now and will appear in the future. As long as the root causes exist, they will inevitably arise. Therefore, we should treat the rebellious psychology of adolescent students calmly. Secondly, we should correctly analyze the nature of rebellious psychology. Although rebellious attitude is a very contradictory attitude, positive rebellious attitude is a mirror. If it can be used and guided correctly, it can not only receive good educational effect, but also promote the ways and methods of improving our educational work. We should pay attention to analyzing the reasons, and overcome, correct and educate teenagers' rebellious psychology. It is very difficult to educate students who are rebellious in adolescence, and it is impossible to beat and scold them, because beating and cursing can only increase children's confrontational mood and rebellious psychology, and preaching is ignored by children, and it is even more impossible to let them go, because it is difficult to ensure that they will not deviate or even go astray if they are not bound by their immature personality and views. (2) Educational countermeasures for adolescent students' rebellious psychology Students' rebellious psychology is people-oriented and teaches students in accordance with their aptitude. First, we should be good at catching students' bright spots. This requires us to understand the psychological characteristics of students, suit the remedy to the case, and adopt various methods to change students' bad psychology, so that students' bad psychology can be controlled and transformed into a driving force for progress. Practice has proved that the common rebellious psychology in adolescence can be effectively controlled and transformed after reasonable adjustment and guidance, which is conducive to the formation of healthy psychology and sound personality of young students. There is a boy in my class who is a particular headache for all teachers. He has too many shortcomings, is lazy, beats and scolds his classmates at will, and makes trouble all day. Unexpectedly, a naughty boy who made everyone hate him was completely changed because of a casual compliment. Come to think of it carefully, everyone has his shining point, depending on whether you find it or not. The second is to change hearts and narrow the distance between teachers and students. For example, there is a student transferred from other places who has no interest in learning at school, but is keen on eating and drinking. The most irritating thing is that he is stubborn. As long as he doesn't want to do anything, what his parents say is useless. One day, he asked his family to increase his living expenses (usually high enough), but her parents didn't agree, so she left home! After looking for him for five days, the school and parents finally found him in a snack bar in the county. He still refuses to go home. His father couldn't bear it, gave him a good beating and was finally taken home by force. Later, I paid special attention to him and invited him to play ball from time to time to find opportunities to communicate with him. Whether his idea is correct or not, I ask him to express his idea. From then on, he felt that the teacher was approachable and trustworthy, so he spoke freely. Tell me that his parents are too stubborn. When their ideas don't agree with their own, they deny that he is at odds with his parents. After understanding the situation, I communicated with his parents and reasoned with him, which finally changed his hostile attitude with his parents. The third is to make full use of the joint efforts of schools, families and social education. School is a purposeful and planned place to educate students. In school, students should not only learn and master systematic cultural and scientific knowledge, but also develop their intelligence, receive political and ideological education and form excellent personality characteristics. Faced with the dilapidated environment and deteriorating style of study, many students will drift with the tide and muddle along. They are no longer interested in everything, so they no longer care about everything. For various reasons, many schools do not pay attention to the basic construction of the school environment, the learning conditions are poor, and the students are mixed, which destroys the students' ideal good image. For example, after the teacher patiently guided an underachiever in the class, his parents threw out a sentence "You are not the material for reading at all", which made the little interest in learning that had just been aroused go up in smoke; The teacher patiently counseled the students' rebellious psychology of "reading is useless" and achieved initial results. However, the students' neighbors threw out a "Yu Shiming's words" that "reading is not as good as killing pigs", which made the teacher's education in vain. Therefore, to guide students' rebellious psychology in essence, we must form a three-pronged educational network of school, family and society. In addition to paying attention to school education, class teachers should also give full play to the educational role of home visits and social practice. (3) Teachers should adopt correct methods to guide students through the psychological reversal period. Teachers should try to respect their students. Students with rebellious mentality are often reprimanded and punished by teachers. They are generally guilty, sensitive and wary of their teachers, but they need their understanding and trust. To give them a better education, we must first relieve their worries and get rid of negative attitudes and stereotypes. The most fundamental way is to adjust the relationship between teachers and students. To this end, teachers should take the lead in sincerely helping these students. As the saying goes, "everyone likes beautiful children, and ugly children are true love." As teachers, we should change the harsh and single criticism voice in the past, try our best to be kind and sincere to students, communicate with them more, and have heart-to-heart chat, so that these "special" students can feel the sincere friendship of teachers and eliminate their hostility and vigilance. We should also lower the requirements for "poor students", encourage more praise, criticize less and blame less. (D) Schools guide families to synchronize education. Family education plays an important role in overcoming students' rebellious psychology, and schools should strive for the active cooperation of families. However, parents' lack of knowledge of pedagogy and psychology, correct educational concepts and correct educational methods will aggravate the formation of students' rebellious psychology. Teachers have the responsibility and obligation to guide family education. Through the guidance of teachers, we can optimize family education, give full play to the role of parents and strive for the cooperation of family education. Under the guidance of teachers, if parents can realize that they should consider educational issues from the perspective of their children and themselves and adjust their educational behavior reasonably, it will play a very good role in improving the quality and effect of family education and correcting children's bad psychology, including rebellious psychology. Students can gain the trust of relatives and friends and help them do ideological work together. These things get twice the result with half the effort, which is better than the teacher's simple positive education. (V) Adolescent students rebellious family education countermeasures 1. Adopt democratic family education methods. Family rearing pattern refers to the methods and forms that parents usually adopt when raising and educating their children. It is a summary of the characteristics of parents' various parenting behaviors and a relatively stable behavior style. Therefore, parents should guide and not be demanding; Undisturbed love; Willing to provide necessary help; Inform them of possible faults in time; Respect their interests and choices; Accept their classmates and friends; Participate in their games and activities with the greatest interest; Give priority to children's thoughts; Treat children fairly and reasonably; Always listen to your child's voice. 2. Parents should adopt the principle of moderation in their children's education and expectation. With the increasingly fierce social competition, parents pay more attention to their children's education. Psychologists point out that parents' expectations greatly affect their educational behavior, thus affecting their children's personality development. Many people even go into a misunderstanding and delay their children's lives. In a word, the principle of moderation is of great significance to the normal play of family efficacy, the optimization of family education, the improvement of parent-child relationship and the correction of children's rebellious psychology. 3. Education among family members is consistent. The so-called consistency of family education means that all family members have the same educational purpose and correct methods for the educational objects in the family, which is conducive to the healthy growth of children's body and mind. Including three aspects: First, the educational attitude is consistent: when educating children, both husband and wife should be consistent. When it comes to strictness, they are strict. They won't be black and white, and they won't fight each other. Qi Xin and his wife worked together to educate their children. Second, the content of education is consistent; When a child makes a mistake, criticize it when it is time to criticize, and then help him find out the mistake together and help him correct it. * * * will give praise and encouragement when the child is doing correctly and making progress; When a child encounters difficulties, he should also help him solve them together. Third, their own role models: parents are role models for children, and children's behavior is often unconsciously imitating their parents. Therefore, parents can't say one thing in front of their children, and they will run counter to him behind his back. Words and deeds are two aspects of education, and they should have the same attitude and cooperate with each other. In short, family members must have the same goal, resolutely and correctly implement it and make concessions. Then, they will reveal their parents' decisions to their children together. At the same time, let them deal with problems independently within a certain range and create some opportunities and conditions for them to learn to deal with their own affairs, which is not only conducive to eliminating their rebellious mentality, but also conducive to cultivating their ability to live independently. 4. Create a relaxed and harmonious family atmosphere. Parents should run their families with care. As mentioned earlier, most families are nuclear families. The openness of society and the renewal of people's ideas make young parents, especially, often only consider themselves and ignore their children's feelings. As parents, we should be able to solve the emotional problems in the adult world, even if the feelings break down, we don't have to bring unnecessary harm to our children. Parents in the popular children's educational film "Home with Children" are good examples. Although it is, the rebellious psychology restricts the physical and mental development of adolescent students, leads them astray, causes minor physical and mental injuries and other adverse consequences, and may also lead adolescent students to commit crimes. Teenagers' rebellious psychology exists objectively, although it is harmful, but it should be analyzed in two in the process of education, which can be fully affirmed and recognized. Through adolescent education, middle school students are trained to have a healthy psychological quality and establish a correct outlook on morality, life and the world. At the same time, adolescent education is an important part of socialist spiritual civilization construction and students' quality education. It is aimed at the problems to be solved in adolescent students' sexual maturity and psychological development, so as to set their educational goals and achieve this goal through corresponding education, so as to urge students with rebellious psychology in this period to devote their energy to improving their physical quality, scientific and cultural quality and ideological and moral quality and take the first step of youth. This is the need to protect the healthy growth of young students and an important measure to improve the quality of the people.