What problems are easy to appear in teenagers' mental health?
1, Shaanxi Tong: I just haggle over every ounce, I am too narrow-minded, I can't tolerate others, and I can't understand others. I'm worried about small things, too, and I love to get to the bottom of it.
2. Melancholy: For various reasons, teenagers will be unhappy, sad and taciturn. If you are in this state for a long time, you should pay full attention to it.
3. jealousy: when others are better than themselves, they are unnatural, uncomfortable and even hostile. What's more, they even use blows and slanders to vent their inner jealousy.
4, panic: a sense of terror to the environment and things, such as fear of needles, fear of the dark, fear of ghosts and so on. The light person's heart beats violently, his hands shake, and the heavy person can't sleep, insomnia, screaming in his dream, etc.
5. Brutality: If you are unhappy with a little thing, vent it on others, hit people and curse them, and others will make fun of others and laugh at them, without warmth.
6. Inferiority: I lack confidence in myself and think that I am inferior to others in all aspects. I always look down on myself as inferior to others in my study and life. This inferiority complex has seriously affected my mood, and I feel too depressed because I lack interest in myself.
7. Sensitivity: nervousness and paranoia. People often regard others' unintentional words and irrelevant actions as contempt or ridicule for themselves, so they are moody and their emotions change greatly.
A survey shows that at least 30 million teenagers in China suffer from various mental disorders. Faced with such a huge number, we have to pay attention to the mental health of teenagers. We also hope that parents and schools will pay more attention to the mental health of teenagers and help them solve unnecessary psychological burdens in time to ensure their children's mental health.
Students are in an important period of physical and mental development. With the development of physiology and psychology, the expansion of social experience and the change of thinking mode, especially in the face of the pressure of social competition, they are prone to encounter various psychological puzzles and problems in study, life, interpersonal communication, self-awareness and further education, which affects the development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. In this case, mental health education in primary schools is not only the need of social and times development, but also an important supplement to traditional school education, and it is also the need of students' all-round development and quality education. In this process, teachers should fully understand students, care about them, put themselves in their shoes, help them and be their intimate friends.
What is mental health?
Anyone who responds positively to all events or activities that are beneficial to mental health is mentally healthy. Because different individuals live, study and work in many ways, the measurement of mental health has different requirements at different ages. According to my investigation and practical experience, for students in school situations, such events or activities are mainly learning, interpersonal relationships, self-related activities and social adaptation.
What is mental health education?
Nowadays, quality education requires that the students we train are all-round talents, and all-round people must be psychologically healthy first. How to realize people's mental health and all-round development? More and more people of insight realize that mental health education is the main way. School education and family education must meet the requirements of social development for middle school students' mental health, improve the mental health level of middle school students in China, and carry out mental health education for all students. Mental health education is an education that educators use various ways and means to actively educate and coach all aspects of middle school students' psychological quality in a planned and purposeful way, so as to cultivate middle school students' good psychological quality, adjust their psychological functions, develop their psychological potential and promote their comprehensive quality.
Mental health status of primary and secondary schools in China
In recent years, some domestic scholars have investigated the mental health of students. These surveys found that the mental health status of primary and secondary schools in China is basically normal. But the problems reflected in some aspects are very worrying.
Chen Peilin and Chen Lihua investigated more than 500 junior middle school students in Wuhan/KLOC-0. The results show that 50% of them are in good mental health. 30% of the students belong to the basic normal range; 10%- 15% students are below the normal level, especially 3%-6% students have serious psychological troubles. During the period of 1987, Shanghai Mental Health Center cooperated with the world and the University of Hawaii to investigate the mental health status of preschool children and middle school students aged 4-6.5 in Shanghai. The results show that 27% of them have psychological deviation. From 65438 to 0997, Yang Lianqing conducted a sampling survey of students' mental health. The results showed that the detection rate of at least one unhealthy item among 849 people was 2 1.6%. I asked 43 students in my class, "Do you have any troubles?" In this survey, as many as 39 people have troubles. "Does it often bother you?" There are actually 1 1 person. Their ways to get rid of their troubles are even more problematic, such as jumping out of bed, shouting and throwing things. Although these methods have certain effects, they are extremely immature. No 1 people talk to people. In other words, the mental health problems of middle school students in China can no longer be taken lightly.
Factors Affecting Middle School Students' Mental Health
The mental health problems of middle school students are not accidental or caused by a single factor. These problems are influenced by many factors, including physiological factors, family factors and social factors. The psychological development characteristics of middle school students are important factors affecting their mental health, such as appearance, hormone secretion in the body, physical development, physiological diseases and so on. These physiological factors are both inherited and formed by the acquired environment. Family is the first environment for students to live, and parents are the first teachers for children and adolescents. The factor that has an important influence on their mental health development is family. For example, bad relationship between parents, high expectations of parents, improper family upbringing, negative role models of family members, etc. will have a great impact on students' psychology. School is the main place for middle school students to study and live, and middle school students spend most of their time in school every day. Therefore, the school's educational guiding ideology, teachers' quality, students' learning burden and students' interpersonal relationship at school all play an important role in the mental health of middle school students. At the same time, middle school students also grew up in a certain social environment. The cultural background, community environment, social atmosphere and learning and living environment of a certain society will have an impact on the mental health of middle school students.
The goal of mental health education in schools
Middle school students have mental health problems and should be given active psychological treatment. But more importantly, middle school students' mental health education must implement the policy of "prevention first, correction second", prevent problems before they happen and cure them before they happen. This requires taking effective measures to do a good job in mental health education and strive to improve the mental health level of middle school students.
Improving the psychological quality of all students and promoting their mental health can be understood from two aspects. In a positive sense, it is called developmental goal, that is, by improving the psychological quality of all students in study, life, interpersonal communication and social adaptation, they can fully develop their potential and promote mental health. In a negative sense, it is called prevention goal, and some people divide it into prevention goal and correction goal, that is, to promote students' mental health by preventing and correcting their psychological problems. School mental health education should focus on development goals, supplemented by prevention.
Prevention of common mental health problems of middle school students
At present, China's mental health care network is not perfect, so it is very important for teachers to consciously combine their usual education and teaching work to prevent mental health problems of middle school students.
(A) to prevent school maladjustment
Children come from a caring family or kindergarten to a school with strict discipline, many classes, strong independence and consciousness, and the environment has changed significantly. Usually, most children can get used to it within a week or two. However, a few children always feel strange, afraid, suspicious and reserved, thus inhibiting their active participation in school life. As teachers, we should avoid criticism or reprimand, pay more attention to it, love it, guide it, and keep in constant contact with parents of students.
Middle school students have the following eight problems that need help and guidance in school adaptation.
(1) adapt to the regular curriculum of the school. We should pay attention to cultivating middle school students' interest in learning and stimulate their sense of responsibility and obligation in learning.
⑵ Adaptation of school rules and regulations. We should focus on cultivating middle school students' sense of discipline and good habits of work and rest.
⑶ Adaptation to emotional life in school. We should actively create conditions for primary school freshmen to actively experience the warmth and fun of school life and prevent negative emotions such as inferiority, fear, retreat and depression.
(4) Adaptation of interpersonal relationship in school. Teachers should set an example and give necessary guidance to primary school freshmen.
5. Adapt to the extracurricular activities of the school. We should pay attention to cultivating middle school students' extensive interests and hobbies.
[6] adapt to the school collective life. We should pay attention to cultivating middle school students' sense of collectivism and collective honor.
Once you get into the study habit. Although it is not recommended to leave homework for grade one or two students now, we should develop the habit of reviewing, previewing and sorting out schoolbags and pencil boxes after class.
Adapt to daily life. After entering school, I changed my original life routine, but I should develop a good life routine in time so that I can have plenty of energy to study the next day.
(2) Prevention in study fatigue
Study fatigue refers to the phenomenon that learning efficiency drops after a long period of intensive study. The younger the student, the easier it is to get tired.
The main measures to prevent middle school students from study fatigue are:
(1) Scientifically arrange courses in various subjects. Generally, subjects with moderate difficulty (such as common sense and thinking) are arranged in the first class in the morning and afternoon, while subjects with greater difficulty (such as Chinese and mathematics) can be arranged in the second and third classes in the morning. Difficult courses can be arranged on Tuesdays and Thursdays, and easier or relaxing courses can be arranged on Mondays and Fridays.
⑵ Pay attention to mental health in course teaching. The teaching content should be precise, concise and moderate in depth according to the requirements of the syllabus and the actual situation of students; Teaching methods should be flexible and intuitive, so that students can organize review and examination scientifically with their mouths, brains and hands; In the teaching environment, attention should be paid to the requirements of physical and mental health care in terms of sound, room temperature, light, air circulation, desk and chair layout, etc.
(3) Ensure children's rest and sleep. Teachers should not procrastinate in class, but should guide students to carry out appropriate outdoor activities between classes. The amount of homework should be strictly controlled. It is best to teach digestion in class, try not to leave homework, and take appropriate extracurricular cultural and sports activities. At the same time, we should strengthen communication with parents to ensure adequate sleep time for middle school students.
(4) Pay attention to children's nutrition. Schools should guide parents to correct the common picky eaters, partial eclipse and sweet food nutrition practices of middle school students in time.
5] Do relaxation training. Schools should try out and promote various mental health exercises in time and carry out relaxation training regularly.
Prevent fatigue
In recent years, due to the influence of various negative factors in family, school and social environment, students' weariness of learning has generally increased. Students' weariness of learning mainly shows that they are not interested in learning and hate learning. They are often upset at the mention of study, have resistance to parents and teachers, and have poor academic performance. In severe cases, they deliberately skip classes or even drop out of school. As far as school education is concerned, teachers should pay attention to preventing students from being tired of learning;
(1) Scientifically arrange students' study, entertainment, rest and life to ensure their healthy physical and mental growth and all-round development of quality.
⑵ Do a good job in classroom teaching reform and improve classroom teaching efficiency.
⑶ Carry out colorful extracurricular activities, and give full play to students' initiative, enthusiasm and creativity in activities.
⑷ Abandon the traditional thought of "respecting teachers and valuing education", avoid abusing punishment, and establish a new democratic and equal relationship between teachers and students.
5. Strictly control the amount of homework, and effectively reduce the academic burden of students.
[6] Establish a good school spirit, class spirit and study style, and form a happy and studious positive atmosphere.
Once, I paid attention to students and had a keen insight, which nipped the problem in the bud.
(4) Prevent attacks
Aggressive behavior is an aggressive behavior caused by anger and dissatisfaction, such as venting, opposing, confronting and venting anger. Lying, attacking, stealing, smoking, destructive pranks and other common problem behaviors of middle school students are very unfavorable to the development of children's mental health, mainly due to the influence of family and bad partners.
The main measures to prevent attacks are:
(1) Try to organize children to participate in activities and help them learn to cooperate.
(2) Help children understand their emotions.
(3) Don't ignore any aggressive actions.
(4) Cultivate children's speaking ability.
5. Be reasonable and let children consciously control their emotions.
(6) Take appropriate punishment to enhance children's self-control ability.
Once you pay attention to keep in touch with your parents, organize some materials for your reference.
I have a case study on the prevention and correction of mental health students' psychological problems.
Case 1: correction of bad study habits
I. Introduction:
In today's society, most students are only children, and their living conditions are relatively rich. At home, they are all little Huangdi, who grew up under the doting of their elders and did whatever they wanted, lacking the discipline of life, the ability to live independently and poor behavior habits. Correcting these behaviors will have a positive impact on their present and future.
Second, the student situation:
Dong, a fourth-grade student in a primary school in zhenhai district, is ten years old and an only child. Let's call him Wen Wen for the time being here. It is understood that his mother is a foreigner, and this student is the child of her remarriage with her current husband, and grandma loves it very much. But his mother was very strict with him, just in the wrong way. Once, in order to punish the child for not doing his homework, he tied the child to the bed. The child is lazy, doesn't finish his homework carefully at ordinary times, and often makes trouble. He is a notoriously lazy student.
I took over this class last year, and soon I found that he couldn't sit still in class, lying on his desk for a while, fiddling with his classmates' school supplies for a while, and at the end of the day, his seat was like a trash can. In learning, the handwriting is scrawled, the handwriting is scrawled, and the written words are uneven and the stroke order is irregular. Every time the teacher assigns homework, the school stops at how much it has finished. I never do homework when I go home. If he is called by the teacher to do his homework, he will meddle again as long as the teacher is not careful. Once, the day before the picnic, I said, "No one can go on a picnic without finishing his homework." On this day, Wenwen did his homework quickly, even during the break. After finishing his homework, he asked me, "Teacher, what is homework?" This day's homework handwriting is also much more correct than usual. It can be seen that proper stimulation is effective for Wen Wen, which can stimulate him to finish his homework consciously, cause good behavior and eventually become a habit of him. Therefore, I chose behavior change technology to correct Wenwen's bad behavior.
Third, the design and implementation process of the revised scheme:
1. Determine the ending behavior and eliminate the phenomenon of not handing in homework within half a semester (18 weeks).
2. Analysis of starting point behavior: The student failed to hand in his homework more than 10 times in the first week.
Design a favorable scene
A choose the enhancement measures, and you can get the corresponding reward if you reach a certain standard. If you don't hand in your homework in the first week, you will be deducted 1 point if it is reduced to 9 times. More than the above standards, as appropriate, increase the reward.
B Contact parents, tell them the counseling plan, and strive for parents' cooperation.
4. Choose the right strategy
enhancement
The minimum standard agrees that the number of times students don't hand in their homework every week should be gradually reduced. Evaluate once a week and give a few points according to how many times you have lost. A certain score can be exchanged for a certain material reward or parents can take them to the long-awaited park. That is, what kind of reward to give.
B gradually set the goal of reducing unpaid work from the first week to the eighth week. If the target is achieved within 8 weeks, appropriate rewards and incentives will be given irregularly.
C deprive a week of failing to achieve the predetermined goal, that is, deprive a favorite activity.
5. Analyze the effect
Analyze and evaluate every week. If the operation behavior does not reach the predetermined goal, it will continue as planned. If the predetermined goal cannot be achieved, reconsider the reinforcement, whether the reinforcement strength is appropriate or not, and whether it should be modified.
Fourth, the counseling results:
I was very motivated in the first two weeks. Not only did I finish my homework carefully, but also my writing was correct. In the third week, the situation was repeated. According to this phenomenon, I contacted my parents in time and asked them to keep him excited with appropriate stimulation. I made a wish that if I finished my homework carefully this week, I would eat KFC. In the fourth week and the fifth week, I took my children to Linjiang Park and Ningbo Zoo respectively, and the appropriate stimulation mobilized the children's enthusiasm. Moreover, I also contacted the class teacher, gave him more affirmation and encouragement, and tried to turn material rewards into spiritual rewards, and finally internalized them into self-needs. This is my ultimate goal. Sure enough, after half a semester, the student did his homework well, and after one semester, his grades advanced by five, which was a great progress for him.
V. Experience:
Any child can be educated and reformed as long as he has energy and responsibility. As teachers, we should do our best. In this case, I sensitively discovered the teachability of students, that is, in the behavior change technology, students' enthusiasm can be mobilized and maintained through appropriate stimulation. Finish your homework carefully before the picnic, find out the students' excitement, use it properly, contact parents in time, and cooperate with home and school to promote students' change. It also pays attention to the correction of students' repetitive behavior. Do it over and over again.