Through the comparison of many kinds of boxes, we think that beehives that conform to the biological habits of Italian bees and meet the needs of modern beekeeping production should be the universal standard beehives. In the specific application, we further popularized its breeding method. Using a combination of one standard hive and two continuous hives, through timely and regular regulation, after 60 days of bee breeding, the strong colony potential of 2 1 foot-framed bees was realized, which laid a good foundation for high yield.
In fact, the population potential of the single queen bee colony of Italian bees should be far more than that. According to the daily egg production of high-yield Italian queen bees, if the life span of worker bees is 30 days, 35 days and 40 days respectively, the corresponding theoretical number of bees should be 60,000, 70,000 and 80,000. If there are 2300 bees in each frame, there are 26 frames, 30 frames and 35 frames. It can be seen that the actual bee population still has great potential to be tapped. If we can further improve the daily egg production of queen bees, maintain high egg production efficiency and prolong the life of worker bees, I believe others will breed and break through our present situation. Maximum? Population potential and spring honey yield are not difficult. What is difficult is the change of concept!
As far as our existing experience is concerned, the bee colony is in good condition after reaching the above potential! However, the tough and violent nature of western bees is also exposed. In this regard, we must be fully vigilant and prepared.
2. The nest box is provided with three frames.
2. 1 three-frame layout foundation
If the queen bee lays 2000 eggs a day; There are 7000 worker bee houses on the standard nest frame; The developmental duration of worker bees is 2 1 day. Then in theory, it takes 3.5 days for the Italian queen bee to lay eggs in one frame; The maximum number of sub-populations in a bee colony is 6 frames. In practice, there are usually some honey, powder nests and empty nests on the spleen. Therefore, when the feeding conditions are fully met, the actual number of spleens is usually 7 frames. Among them, about 4 frames are covered with seeds and 3 frames are not covered with seeds and eggs. Calculate this in detail. Because the focus of bees' tending to the lid has changed to temperature regulation and humidity regulation, this spleen can be transferred to the relay box to continue tending in the king-free area of the relay box. Feeding and hatching of uncovered eggs usually require stricter care conditions. Therefore, it is appropriate to raise them in the king's area of the nest box.
2.2 Honeycomb space is small, which is conducive to alleviating the mood of bee separation.
Bee colony lives in a narrow space and is prone to fever and boredom; Adult bees living in a sultry environment do not live long; The sultry environment is easy to breed the mood of dividing bees; Bees that feel like leaving bees don't produce much honey. Therefore, properly expanding the space in the box, especially expanding the free space in the nest box, is conducive to alleviating the mood of bee separation.
When the conditions are met, bees will have the feeling of dividing bees, and finally show the behavior of dividing bees, which is the instinctive need for the continuation of bee population, whether it is Chinese bees or western bees. We think that Italian bees are also prone to parting feelings, but their evolution process is slower than that of China bees, and their forms are more subtle. If we regard the behavior of building and breeding drones and actively producing slurry as the initial performance of the requirements for bee separation, it is very easy for Italian bees to build a drone house without foundation, and Italian bees can easily accept the artificial queen bee platform. The resulting behavior of breeding drones and actively secreting flesh suggests that Italian bees are more likely to have feelings of parting bees than China bees, and this emotional period is longer than that of China bees, which requires early guidance. Otherwise, the form of expression is still hidden because of such potential feelings of leaving bees? Bee fever? It causes a decrease in honey production, which is not easily noticed by ordinary people. Measures to greatly increase the space in the box are conducive to alleviating the sense of bee separation that has appeared or is still lurking.
2.3 Three-frame layout
Usually take two clips and one clip? Empty? Or the second clip? Foundation? The way. ? Empty? That is, high-quality empty nest spleen; ? Foundation? That is, a complete nested basic framework. The second son is also very flexible. It can be an egg, a bug or a pupa. In this way, the queen bee will naturally be confined to the middle nest spleen to lay eggs, which is not only conducive to the formation of excellent? Egg ring? Can it be better prevented? Powder presses the spleen? 、? Powder pressure? The occurrence of the phenomenon.
The placement of the hive can be arranged according to the position of the nest door and the needs at that time. It can not only form a T-shaped distribution with the trunk hive, but also form a factory-shaped distribution.
3. Take three as the adjustment period.
The oviposition efficiency of queen bee on high-quality empty nest spleen or newly created spleen tends to be low from the initial high to the final. Although it takes 3.5 days for Italian queen bees to lay eggs in one frame theoretically, according to our observation, after adding high-quality empty nest spleen for 3 days, the actual laying efficiency of queen bees decreased obviously. At this time, if a high-quality empty nest spleen or nest pedestal is added, the oviposition efficiency of queen bee will be improved again. Of course, when adding nest spleen or nest base, one sub-spleen should be transferred from the nest box to the relay box to keep the number of nest frames in the nest box still three and the age distribution of bees is reasonable.
When transferring the sub-spleen from the nest box to the relay box, the relatively old sub-spleen in the nest box is usually selected to enter the relay box.
4. Luggage layout
According to the nature of food prepared by female bees for offspring and the principle of preventing heat damage caused by the accumulation of metabolic heat energy of old bees, the spleen of the second nest is also raised in three boxes. That is, the spleen and the child are not adjacent, and the honey spleen and the child spleen should be sandwiched in the middle. It's just that Italian bees have greater potential, so they can be more flexible. Usually, two honey spleens can sandwich one spleen, or one spleen can drive three honey spleens. The age of bees in the first relay box should be older than the nest box and younger than the second relay box.
Take honey
Take only the honey stored in the top box at a time. At the same time, transfer the honey nest spleen stored in the lower relay box to the upper relay box, and then propose to take honey next time. After taking honey, the empty nest spleen is placed in the relay box next to the nest box.
Because the above management method of Italian bee breeding experience 3 is easy to understand, simple to operate and remarkable in effect, it is also called "Italian bee breeding" by local bee friends. Fine three methods? Or? Three golden laws? . Of course, no matter what you call it, its basic principle or technical essence is: to stimulate the work enthusiasm of bees with the maximum amount of parenting; Solve the mood of bee separation with the maximum workload; Form a strong group in a short time, and maintain the trend of a strong group for a long time with the best tendency; Seize high yield in the state of strong colony and bees actively producing honey; Then high quality can be achieved by recycling honey.
Feeding with Italian bees? Three golden laws? The corresponding Chinese bee management can be abbreviated as:? Three, two, four. ? That is, Chinese bees use three boxes of GN beehives; There are only two frames in the nest box; Adjust it every four days. This is the best state of China bee colony that we have seen so far.
Of course. Jin San? With what? Three, two, four? Have you ever experienced a flat box? Double boxes? Three boxes; From the initial interval of more than 7 days to 6 to 5 days; The number of nest frames in the area where the queen bee is located will change and be adjusted accordingly. Until it finally stabilizes. Care about bees? Jin San? With China bees? Three, two, four. ? At its best. At the same time, we also need enough food; Good tending conditions; No diseases, pests, etc.
Method for cultivate strong colony of Chinese bee
L, organize two groups to raise in the same frame.
The reproductive ability of the weak colony of Chinese bee is poor, so it is difficult to reach the population potential of the strong colony during the honey flow period. In the season when bees are distributed in bee farms, some bees with medium population potential can often be caught in bee cages. At this time, you can organize two groups to raise in the same frame. The method is as follows: when the bee colony is kept in a bee cage, it is temporarily placed in a dark environment, and a small amount of water mist is sprayed on the surface of the bee colony with a sprinkler to make it quiet. At this time, an empty hive should be placed near the weak colony (about 1.5 meters apart), and the source of the hive's nest door should be the same as that of the weak colony, but only one of the two nest doors should be opened (it should be opposite to the nest door of the weak colony). Prepare the cover and partition, adjust a spleen from other strong bees and put it into the empty hive to increase the loveliness of the bees, and add an appropriate amount of nest base according to the number of bees. The foundation of splenic fossa should not be close to the box wall. After the preparation is completed, put the new bee colony outside the dark environment, shake the bee colony into the prepared empty hive, cover it with cloth and box cover quickly, and observe it outside the hive without disturbing. In the evening, the sky is dim, and the weak flower-picking bees have basically returned to their nests. Add a partition to the vulnerable groups. At this point, close the nest door of the weak bee colony, gently open the hive of the new bee colony, lift all the spleen on the other side of the partition of the weak bee colony, open the nest door, and then take out the empty hive. After the scattered bees fly back, open the nest door of the weak group. The two groups were kept in the same box for one night, and the nest door of the weak group was closed for about 2 hours in the early morning. After the new group recognizes the nest, open the nest door of the weak group. In this way, two groups are raised in the same box. If both groups are weak, a queen bee with poor quality can be eliminated after a few days of breeding and merged into a single queen bee group to form a strong group in the honey flow period.
2. Organize the breeding of Shuangwang.
Biological characteristics of Chinese bee: It shows that its natural population potential is obviously less than that of Italian bee. According to the author's observation, it is easier to control the population fever when the population potential of Chinese bees is controlled at 5-6 frames per colony (Italian bee standard box), and the collection effect is also good. In the actual breeding of Chinese bees, in order to make rational use of effective space and increase the amount of honey collected, it is advisable to raise double queen bees. In the cultivation of double kings, attracting kings is the key. The author has done experiments. When the number of bees reaches 4 frames, divide the bees into 2 frames on each side with a partition. Let no one lose the king for more than 2 hours and introduce a mature (about to leave the house) king platform. The queen bee can still be seen on the nest and spleen 1-2 days after she leaves the palace. However, when it flies back from the nest, it often flies to the side with the queen bee, which leads to a fight between two queen bees and makes both sides or one side of the box lose the king. A dead queen bee can be found in the clearing in front of the hive. Because there are obvious signs outside the box when the queen bee returns from the nest, it is still easy to lean to the side where there are many bees outside the box, so the success rate of the double queen bee colony is low. I have done experiments with 10 bee colonies, and only L bee colonies are successful. Through practice, in order to cultivate double kings, it is appropriate to introduce an oviposition king by indirect method at the side of the king board. At the same time, the size of the original nest door is reduced to prevent worker bees from concentrating in the original colony. In order to obtain the king of spawning, we can organize mating groups, appropriately supplement the spleen of worker bees to the mating groups, and strengthen the mating groups.
3. Appropriate reward feeding.
3, 1 supplementary feeding. In early spring, it is easy for bees to breed without honey or powder in their nests. Especially for Chinese bees in the south, although there are some honey powder sources in early spring, it usually rains for dozens of days this season. Because bees can't collect, they lack honey and powder. At this time, complementary food is very important. Feed bees with high-quality honey water. The concentration of honey water should be appropriate and thick. If the honey water concentration is too low, the worker bees have to fan the wind to drain water, which will increase the burden on the worker bees. The feeding amount should be determined according to the number of bees, with more bees and fewer bees. Feed as little as possible for the first time, gradually increase, but eat it all night. Do you want to put people in the feeder? Some floating objects, such as straw, to prevent bees from drowning. Feeding should be done at night (no moonlight). If the hive is directly illuminated by electric lights, the door of the hive should be temporarily closed for feeding. In order to prevent bees from getting excited after smelling honey, they will leave their nests in large numbers and even lose some bees collecting honey. You can't feed it during the day, so as not to steal bees and cause losses to the bee farm. Feeding and management of Chinese bees, prevention and control of diseases and natural enemies, classification and feeding, knowledge of bee products, news of bee industry, collection and capture of wild Chinese bees, and production technology of bee products 9s6 {4r (R8n2] 2r; ^5 t
3, 2 spleen nourishing. In the process of bee management in China, it is often encountered that bees need to expand their nests (especially new bees). In the case of common honey and powder sources, the spleen-building effect is not good, which is easy to cause arc spleen or crescent spleen, which is not conducive to bee reproduction. At this time, we can strengthen the spleen by strengthening reward feeding. For bees that need spleen urgently, some old spleen should be taken out during the day, and then added to the nest foundation, so that bees can concentrate on the nest spleen. For example, four-frame bees are crowded into three-frame bees. That night, a large number of rewards were given to feed it with thick honey water and let it eat all night. Reward feeding for several days in a row, thus creating a standard new spleen. Only build one nest base at a time, don't be greedy. Three, three feed the king. For bees to be bred, reward feeding should be carried out one or two days in advance, and the honey water should be of high concentration and quality. After the queen bee is cultivated, it should be fed continuously until it covers the queen bee platform. The queen bee made in this way is big, long and healthy.
4. Try to create a new spleen
According to the biological characteristics of Chinese bees, they like new spleen and hate old spleen. Queen bees like to lay eggs on the new spleen, which is beneficial to the healthy worker bees cultivated by bees. But its disadvantage is that it needs to change spleen every year. In the process of feeding Chinese bees in strong groups, it is necessary to make spleens frequently, and it is best for each group of bees to make several new spleens every year. Early spring is a critical period for bees to grow from weak to strong, so we should pay close attention to invigorating the spleen at this time. At this time, because the honey powder outside is not rich enough and the number of bees is small, it is not suitable to use the nest foundation directly as the spleen. You can choose a relatively complete nest spleen in the upper part (the upper part is yellow with beeswax), cut off the dark brown nest spleen bitten in the lower part of the bee colony with a sharp knife to form an arc, and then put it back into the bee colony for repair, so that the bees are dense, and it won't be long before the worker bees can build a complete new spleen in the lower part. This saves time and effort, and bees can gradually become stronger. In the honey-flowing period, we should create more new spleen and gradually eliminate the old spleen.
5. Change the king every year
When the queen bee is used for more than one year, the queen bee pheromone emitted in her body gradually decreases, which makes it difficult for the bee colony to maintain a large colony and reduces its disease resistance. In order to maintain strong colony potential, most bees in the author's bee farm have to replace the old queen bee every year. When changing kings, natural wangtai is the main one, supplemented by artificial wangtai. Large-scale king change in batches and at one time. For individual queens with good traits, they can be kept as seed queens. The queen bee platform for introducing bees should be a mature queen bee platform, which is relatively large in size and length (it is best for the virgin queen bee to leave home within 1-2 days). After the queen bee successfully mated, after a period of observation, the queen bee who is steady in behavior, has the demeanor of a king and can lay eggs in pieces is a good king.
Key points of feeding strong colony of Chinese bees
Adopt high quality queen bee.
The adoption of high-quality queen bees should be considered from three aspects: the adoption of new queen bees, the selection of Chinese bee varieties with excellent varieties and production performance, and the prevention of degradation of Chinese bee varieties used.
Adopt a new queen bee
Under normal circumstances, after the queen bee of Chinese bee uses 1 year, the oviposition ability will obviously decrease, resulting in a decrease in population potential and productivity, an increase in the ability to divide bees and a decrease in disease resistance. Therefore, in the production activities of Chinese bees, a new queen bee is usually replaced every 1 year, that is, when bees are distributed in spring, which ensures the adoption of a new queen bee every year. In order to lay a foundation for Chinese bees to maintain strong colony potential all the year round and obtain good economic benefits, qualified professional Chinese bee farms can replace the queen bee once every 1 year, that is, replace the new queen bee twice every 1 year.
Select varieties and Chinese bee varieties with excellent production performance.
It is the guarantee of strong group feeding for Chinese bees to choose varieties and Chinese bee varieties with excellent production performance as queen bees. In Chinese bee breeding, queen bees with excellent varieties and production performance can be cultivated by bee farms themselves. When choosing a bee farm to cultivate the queen bee, we must choose those bees that can maintain the potential of large groups, have high yield and strong disease resistance as the mother group and the father group to cultivate the new queen, and of course they can also be obtained by the bee seed production department. However, it should be noted that imported queen bees must ensure their excellent characteristics in beekeeping production in the place of use.
Prevent the used Chinese bee species from degenerating.