Mental health means that all aspects and activities of psychology are in a good or normal state. The ideal state of mental health is to maintain a state of complete personality, normal intelligence, correct cognition, appropriate mood, reasonable will, positive attitude, appropriate behavior and good adaptation. The following are the publicity materials of college students' mental health knowledge that I have carefully compiled. Welcome to share.
I. The meaning of mental health
Mental health refers to the development of an individual's mental state to the best within the scope of not contradicting others' mental health physically, intellectually and emotionally. Mental health refers to a person's mental state of normal intelligence, good mood, sound will, coordinated behavior, moderate reflection, coordinated interpersonal relationship and age-appropriate psychological activities.
Second, the common mental illness is as follows:
1, neurasthenia
Neurasthenia is a psychogenic disease. There is no organic disease in the nervous system, only the decrease and disorder of function. The reason is long-term overload fatigue of the brain, or emotional tension caused by mental stimulation. Neurasthenia is a common mental illness, which is a neurosis caused by long-term stimulation, which makes the brain nervous activity excessively tense, leading to the weakening of the brain's ability to excite and inhibit nerve activity. The main features are excitability, excitability and fatigue, which are often accompanied by various physical discomfort and sleep disorders. Sensitive people and people with bad personalities are more likely to get this disease.
The incidence of neurasthenia among college students is high, which is mainly caused by the pressure of life and study, excessive tension, lack of courage to face reality and good adaptability. For example, the study burden is too heavy, interpersonal tension, the survival pressure brought by family poverty, the crisis in love, and the excessive employment pressure are all the causes of the disease. If the nerve is in a state of constant tension, which exceeds the limit that the individual can bear, it will lead to the collapse and disorder of the nerve.
2. Anxiety disorder
Anxiety refers to a state of persistent mental tension or panic attack. It often makes patients feel uneasy, irritable, and some even have fear. It is different from general anxiety, which is caused by specific objects and things. There is no specific object and cause of anxiety disorder. Patients often show nervousness and anxiety without obvious reasons and reasons; Always on tenterhooks for no specific reason; Or too concerned about the things around you, it is difficult to concentrate, upset and impatient. Often accompanied by palpitations, dizziness, nausea, cold hands and feet and other symptoms.
3. Depression
Depression is a common mental disorder, which seriously harms human physical and mental health. Its main symptoms include insomnia, upset, unresponsiveness, irritability, irritability, restlessness, depression and persistent fatigue. According to a survey conducted by China Health Association in 2004, 3 out of every 1000 people in Beijing were definitely diagnosed with depression. According to the survey released on the World Suicide Prevention Day on September 10, 2004, at least 250,000 people die of suicide every year in China. 70% of suicides suffer from depression. At present, depression has become the fourth largest disease in the world. By 2020, it may become the second largest disease after cardiovascular disease. In recent years, with the accelerated pace of life, the intensification of social changes, the increasingly fierce competition and the increase of psychological pressure, the problem of depression has become more and more common.
4, phobia
Phobia is a kind of neurosis that produces a strong fear of a specific scene or object, knowing that it is harmless, but it can't be restrained. Social phobia is very common among college students. Refers to the fear of specific social places and objects. For example, some students dare not look at each other, dare not talk or associate with the opposite sex, and blush at the sight of each other. Some students become extremely nervous during job interviews, and even have night sweats and tachycardia. Some students are afraid of meeting strangers. Phobia will have some adverse effects on interpersonal communication, life, study and work.
5.schizophrenia
The obvious symptoms of schizophrenia are emotional disorder, broken thinking, serious obstacles in perception, memory, thinking, emotion and personality, illogical thinking and behavior, divorced from reality, and impermanence in laughing and crying. Patients' psychological activities and behavioral activities are highly uncoordinated, and they often have illusions and hallucinations. For example, you can often hear voices that others can't hear and see things that others can't see.
6, obsessive-compulsive disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by the coexistence of conscious self-compulsion and conscious self-resistance compulsion, and the conflict between them leads to the patient's nervous and painful emotional state. Patients know that the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder are abnormal, but they can't get rid of it. Such as repeated hand washing, repeated inspection, repeated questioning, and strange counting.
In fact, most people have had some slight compulsions, such as constantly considering the countermeasures for what is about to happen. But this idea of normal people is reasonable and will not obviously interfere with other behaviors. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive symptoms often have personality characteristics such as inferiority, insecurity, rigid and rigid consciousness development, criminal tendency, and easy to feel threatened.
There are many common psychological diseases among college students, some of which are directly manifested as physical diseases. For example, in recent years, college students often suffer from tension headache, arrhythmia, neurodermatitis, duodenal ulcer and irregular menstruation. Many of these patients are related to psychology.
Third, cases of common psychological problems
[Case 1]: I am very happy when others break up.
Recently, a girl in Huanong was issued an "expulsion order" by five girls in the same dormitory. There is a simple reason. She often peeks at her roommate's private letters and other people's emotional secrets. Once, my roommate's boyfriend made a long-distance call from Beijing, and she was alone in the dormitory. So she found a "virtual" love letter and described in detail the development of her roommate and "new love" on the phone. As a result, "Beijing" broke up with her roommate.
She has cracked the feelings of almost all roommates. She said: "As soon as I saw my bed partner and her boyfriend go out in pairs and talk sweetly about' telephone porridge', I felt uncomfortable and almost went crazy."
Professor Yan Zheng of Huazhong Normal University commented: This is a typical lack of emotion, which leads to psychological imbalance. The girl has a strict family education, and she is taken care of too little and pays too much attention to herself. Students should communicate with them more, divert their attention and let them learn to care about others.
[Case 2]: Wheels scare job seekers.
After receiving an interview notice from a company in Guangzhou, Lu Yuan, a college graduate, got on the train going south. At night, it became quiet around, leaving only the sound of iron wheels rubbing against the rails. "Boom, boom, boom ..."
Liu Yuan held his head tightly, trying to squeeze out the sound. He was scared. He cried and trembled and shouted, "Don't hit me, don't come ..."
The job was gone, and after returning to Han, Lu Yuan was still in a trance.
Professor from the School of Law and Science of Wu University of Science and Technology commented: Lu Yuan's parents divorced, and his grandfather died when he was in college, which made him feel helpless. Such students should take part in social activities, especially sports, and release their conscience in sports.
[Case 3]: I am afraid that people will not eat for three days.
When she was taken to the hospital, Xiao Min, a sophomore in a university, had not eaten for three days. She knocked over her classmate's food. "You took the medicine in the rice. After eating, I will listen to you and tell all the secrets. I won't eat it. "
Teacher Wan Ying of Wuhan University of Science and Technology Psychological Counseling Room commented: Xiao Min graduated from a key middle school, and the study competition was fierce. Everyone only cares about studying hard and never wants to share their learning experience with others. Many psychological problems found in colleges and universities are related to the middle school stage. Neglecting psychological education will lead to endless troubles.
[Case 4]: I am an alien
Xiao Liu, a freshman in a university, is 18 years old. Just two months into college, he refused to recognize his own mother. When he entered the psychiatric department of the Provincial People's Hospital, he insisted that he was an alien. How could there be Mother Earth?
Provincial People's Hospital Bai Xueguang Comments: Nearly13 patients are college students. The psychological problems of college students can no longer be just emotional matters, but should have an overall education system.
Fourth, the main causes of psychological problems
Psychological activity is an extremely complex dynamic system, so the factors affecting mental health are also complex and diverse. There are social factors, family factors and students' personal factors, which are the result of the interaction of many factors.
1, social and environmental factors
"Close to Zhu Zhechi, close to Mexico is black". Bad social environment often has a negative impact on psychological development. In China, with the reform and opening up and the transition of economic system, great changes have taken place in social structure, lifestyle, moral concept, value evaluation and behavior. Economicalism, hedonism and extreme individualism in society influence college students' thoughts; The misunderstanding of valuing wisdom over morality, the supremacy of scores and the "elitism" complex oppress students' hearts; The muddled mass media content and mixed network information are strongly impacting the hearts of college students and secretly nourishing their unhealthy hearts; The collision of various ideas, the differences of various cultures, the contradiction between ideal and reality and so on. They all feel confused, confused, contradictory, overwhelmed, nervous and overwhelmed; The pressure of ideological turmoil, the pressure of economic crisis, the pressure of job hunting and employment, the pressure of interpersonal relationship, the pressure of poor students' survival, and the pressure of study-all kinds of social pressures are coming from different sides, especially the employment problem. Most students realize that graduation means unemployment. Panic, anxiety and irritability break their psychological balance, making them lack confidence in life, lose hope for the future, do nothing about the situation, and even feel that life is meaningless. The above reasons, such as the huge stones in their hearts and an invisible net wrapped around them, are unbearable for their psychology under this burden. When their hearts are distorted, they also embark on a deviant and evil psychological course.
2. Family environment factors
Psychological research shows that family environment will have a great influence on people's personality. People's innate quality only provides a possibility of development, and parents' educational methods and subtle influence will directly affect whether children can grow up healthily. Most of the psychological problems of college students are related to family environment and improper parental education methods. Single-parent families and parents' divorce often affect children's physical and mental development, and children who grow up in such families are often prone to cold, withdrawn, precocious, inferior and lonely psychology; Parents have a tense relationship and often quarrel or even use force. Children who grow up without love and frequent conflicts are often timid and depressed, lacking trust in others, sensitive and suspicious, and it is difficult to establish harmonious interpersonal relationships. The family atmosphere is too silent or bad, and there is no democratic environment, so that children never dare to speak loudly, laugh at will, or express their wishes and opinions to their parents. Such children lack self-confidence and are excessively depressed; A laissez-faire family leads to a child's willful, sloppy and naughty character; In particular, some one-child families indulge and indulge blindly to meet all the wishes and requirements of their children, which makes their children's ability to bear setbacks weak, and they will be devastated if they suffer a little; Some students can't take care of themselves without their parents, even want to drop out of school, or their psychological imbalance goes to extremes; Other families "look forward to their children's success" and "look forward to their women's success", and exert pressure through high expectations to let their children realize their ideals of glorifying their ancestors, which is easy to make their children depressed. Once frustrated, their psychological defense will collapse, leading to psychological barriers.
3. Adolescent factors
College students are basically in the middle and late adolescence, and their psychological development is in the process of perfection. Their age is the most intense and obvious period of psychological change, and it is also the most vivid and contradictory psychological turning point full of curiosity and desire. During this period, psychological development is unbalanced, emotional instability, and family and society are at arm's length. However, the psychological passivity caused by early youth left many psychological problems, mainly because they were immersed in preparing for the exam at that time and were suppressed. When I arrived at the university, without the strict control of the teacher, the pressure was relieved at once, but I felt extremely uncomfortable psychologically, resulting in all kinds of psychological confusion. For example, the problem of self-image recognition of some students in their early youth has not been completely solved. When I went to college, I always felt ashamed to see others handsome and chic. If they don't adjust well for a long time, they will feel inferior and lose self-confidence. Adolescent college students' sexual physiology has matured, their sexual consciousness has begun to awaken, and they have begun to yearn for and intervene in the hazy campus love. They have begun to pay attention to the opposite sex and are eager to communicate with the opposite sex. However, due to the lack of communication experience, I am afraid that I will say something wrong and be looked down upon by the opposite sex, resulting in various psychological problems. Some students are jealous, because their grades are better than their own, they find other people's weaknesses and complain about others, not trying to catch up with others by their own efforts, but trying to crush each other in this way; In addition, although college students are physically mature, their psychological state is not mature enough, and their psychological state is still naive, dependent and impulsive. The gap between them can easily lead to psychological imbalance. There are also some students who grow up smoothly, encounter fewer setbacks and have low psychological endurance. Once encountering difficulties and setbacks, it is easy to produce various psychological problems and obstacles.
4, personal quality factors
People's life, there will always be all kinds of psychological confusion, which is inevitable for everyone. However, due to the differences in individual psychological quality and the degree of psychological pressure, some people will have psychological barriers, while others will not. A survey shows that most college students with psychological barriers are introverted and unstable, which means they are psychologically fragile and sensitive to life events. His personality defects are introversion, narrow-mindedness, high depression, nervousness, sentimentality, heavy inferiority complex, difficulty in adapting to the changed environment and narrow range of activities. Therefore, the problem of individual psychological quality, especially some special personality characteristics, is one of the internal factors leading to psychological problems.
5. Psychological conflict factors
Adolescent college students are in a stage of rapid maturity but not real maturity, which is a period full of contradictions and crises. Such as the contradiction between ideal and reality, emotion and reason, dependence and independence, psychological confusion and seeking understanding, self-worth and social standard. If these contradictions are not solved well, they will be in contradiction for a long time, and coupled with the limitations of emotional control, so they often waver in their thoughts and act alternately. This kind of psychological conflict often gives people a sense of frustration and greatly affects people's mental health. It consumes people's psychological energy and makes people's psychological function unable to play normally. Long-term psychological conflicts may even lead to world-weariness, decadence and despair.
Five, learn to self-psychological adjustment
Satisfaction and happy mood mainly come from better spiritual cultivation. Mentally healthy people are not always happy about everything, but are good at controlling and regulating themselves. For example. Some people will choose light music to listen to when they are upset, so as to calm down their mood; When some people feel blue, they will listen to some grand or enthusiastic music to excite themselves. Commonly used self-tuning methods are:
1, self-motivation
Self-motivation is one of the power sources of one's spiritual activities. Mainly use lofty ideals, philosophy of life, exemplary deeds or wise ideas to motivate themselves, encourage themselves, comfort themselves and adjust bad psychology. Adjust your psychology, don't feel inferior, don't be proud, believe in yourself, accept yourself, "I am naturally useful", believe that the future is beautiful, learn to start from scratch and focus on the future; We should pursue endless learning, be happy with contentment and learn to be happy with contentment.
2. Situation transfer
In the face of depression or anger, we can shift our attention from negative aspects to positive aspects, try our best to avoid or alleviate mental trauma and restore emotional stability. For example, you can listen to music, take a walk, chat with close friends, visit the park and so on. This is of great benefit to eliminate troubles and relieve tension.
3. Emotional catharsis
Psychologists believe that catharsis is a normal psychological and physiological need of people. It means that when individuals suffer from pain, sadness and melancholy, they vent through appropriate methods and channels, so as to achieve the purpose of alleviating pain. For example, talk to teachers, relatives and friends, classmates and friends, and tell their grievances, troubles and pains; Or cry; Or simply vent through physical labor, singing, sports and other forms to relieve psychological pressure; Or shout loudly in the open field, which can not only breathe fresh air, but also vent depression.
4. Necessary consultation
When you encounter confusion and frustration, you can consult your parents, teachers, classmates and friends, or you can go to a professional psychological counseling institution and tell them your inner confusion or psychological obstacles in order to get their help and enlightenment.
5. Pay attention to handling skills
When you have a conflict with others, you might as well avoid it or talk to your relatives and friends. This is not a sign of weakness. Or when something causes unpleasant emotions, it is best to forget it as soon as possible and not think about it. If you can't do this, you'd better cooperate with the transfer of thinking, that is, try to shift your attention to more meaningful aspects. This kind of re-investment in a new, nobler and more meaningful thing is called "sublimation" to dilute the unpleasant or painful phenomenon.
6. Learn to relax yourself
This method is to learn to relax limbs, get quiet, and consciously feel the tightness, lightness and coldness of limbs, so as to achieve the effect of relaxation. Self-training can improve physiological function, reduce sympathetic nerve activity, slow down heart rate and respiratory rate, and achieve the purpose of resolving and eliminating bad emotions.
7, often do "psychological beauty"
Everyone has psychological defects, just as there is always room for improvement in people's physical appearance. This is not a disease. Often "self-awakening", in contrast, if it can be adjusted in time, it will beautify your mind and be of great benefit to mental health.
8. Cultivate a variety of interests
Pens are like calligraphy and painting, singing and dancing, sports and so on. In particular, sports can not only vent emotions, but also cultivate the qualities of mutual cooperation, courage to confront and enterprising, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting "mental energy" through physical exercise.
Expand one's knowledge
Mental health knowledge of college students
First of all, what is mental health:
People are a whole, and human health includes physical health and mental health. Physical health means that the human body conforms to the normal physiological phenomenon of human beings, that is, we usually say that there is no disease. Mental health is a person's cognition, emotion, emotion and will, needs and motivation; The internal relationship between ability and personality is harmonious, and the psychological content is unified with the objective reality, which can promote the balance of the internal and external environment of the human body and the state of individuals adapting to the social environment, so as to continuously develop a sound personality, improve the quality of life, and maintain exuberant energy and happy emotions.
Second, mental health defines mental health from a psychological perspective, and its basic standards are:
1, with a basic sense of self-security;
2. Be able to know yourself well and properly evaluate your abilities;
3. The ideal life is practical;
4, not divorced from the surrounding real environment;
5, can maintain the integrity and harmony of personality;
6. Be good at learning from experience;
7. Be able to maintain good interpersonal relationships;
8. Be able to vent and control emotions moderately;
9, under the premise of meeting the requirements of the group, can properly meet the basic requirements of individuals.
Third, the way to get rid of melancholy:
1, don't make excuses for yourself.
2. Give yourself more love
Step 3 distract your attention
Step 4 change your behavior
5. Get out of melancholy and create a "three-person space"
6. Know your limits
7. Find an oasis of mind-relax and meditate to get peace of mind and body.
8. Believe in yourself and others.
9. Plan some positive and beneficial activities to deal with boring life.
10, tell your friends about your troubles.
1 1. See the bright side of things-tolerance, self-mockery and "happy therapy"
12, which decomposes complex problems into simple ones.
13, try your best to finish one thing.
14, exercise is the basis of self-help.
Fourth, how do college students keep their mental health?
1, consciously learn psychological knowledge and seek mental health medicine.
Don't ask too much of yourself, set moderate goals and develop a "normal heart".
Don't expect too much from others, lest you be disappointed.
4, don't blindly compete with other students everywhere, to avoid excessive tension.
5. Actively participate in collective activities and expand social contacts.
6. Strengthen will exercise and maintain an optimistic "positive mood".
5. test. There are three alternative answers to each question.
1. After meeting and talking with a person for the first time, can you make a positive and accurate evaluation of his or her manners, knowledge and ability?
A, it's hard to say without B. C, I think so.
2. When you say goodbye to others, when and where will you meet again?
1. Proposed by the other party. B, nobody mentioned it. C, I suggested it.
When you meet someone for the first time, your expression is-
A, warm and sincere, natural and generous. B, carelessness.
C, nervous and embarrassed, shy.
4. Did you find a topic of common interest soon after greeting each other?
Yes, I like it very much. I think it's very difficult.
C, it must take a long time to find it.
5. When you talk to people, the sitting posture is usually-
A, knees together. B, spread your legs. C, lift "Erlang legs".
6. When talking to him (her), where do you look?
A, look directly into each other's eyes. B, look at other things or people.
C stared at their buttons and kept playing.
7. The topic you choose is-
They both like it. B, what is the other person interested in? C, what you love.
8. What time did you take through the first conversation?
Something like that B, he has more and I have less. C, I have more than him.
9. When you meet, the volume of your voice is always-
A, very low, making it harder for others to hear. B, soft and deep. C, the voice is high and enthusiastic.
10, are there many gestures?
A, make some gestures occasionally. Never tell me what to do. C. I often use gestures to supplement my oral expression.
1 1. How fast do you speak?
A, the frequency is quite high. B, very slow. C, moderate rhythm.
12, if someone talks about a topic that you are not interested in, you will-
A. interrupt and ask another question. B, appear dull and patient.
C, listen carefully and have fun.
Explain that A- 1, B-3, and C-5 are selected.
Score 0-22: The first effect is poor. Maybe you are surprised, because it is very likely that you just act according to your own habits. Your heart is very willing to leave a good impression on others, but your careless or inconsiderate or boring words virtually outline your mistakes to others. It must be remembered that communication is an art, and art cannot be sloppy.
The score is 23-46: the first effect is average. There are some pleasant elements in your performance, but at the same time there are some accidental things that are not wonderful enough; This will make others have no bad impression on you, but it will not be very attractive. If you want to improve your charm, you must first attach psychological importance to trying to show your best image in the first round of "confrontation"
47-60 points: The first time it worked well. Your moderation, gentleness and cooperation left a deep impression on people who met for the first time. No matter whether the other person is a contact within your work scope or a contact in your private life, there is no doubt that they all have the desire to further contact with you. Your problem is only to pay attention to those who fall in love with you at first sight.
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