The out-of-hospital research projects of NIH are managed by the out-of-hospital research office, which is responsible for the formulation and implementation of NIH fund policies. There are three main ways to support research institutions other than NIH: funding, cooperation agreements and contracts. Fund is the most important way to support various research projects and training programs related to human health. Generally, the research daily standard is put forward by the applicant personally, and is funded by the fund after passing the review. The funding period is L ~ 5 years, and the funding agencies do not participate in the research process of the project. In the cooperation agreement, the funding agency will make corresponding provisions on the research plan in advance, issue specific application requests (RFA), and sometimes issue plan announcements (PA) to stimulate scientists' interest in some special fields. Research and
Development (research and development, r & amp；; D) The contract is to fund academic institutions, non-profit or commercial institutions to carry out research and development in special areas of interest to NIH, such as anti-breast cancer and ovary.
The research and development of Taxol, a cancer chemotherapy drug, is one of many agreements signed by NIH.
The research funding budget of NIH is divided into four types: research project funding, research center funding, and small enterprise innovation research-small enterprise technology transfer funding. Sbir-sbttg and other research funds. Focus on supporting scientists' personal application projects, from molecular and cell biology research to new drug research and development. Including RC 1, R0 1, R03, R 15, R21(except can423702 and 423825), R22, R23, R29, R33, R35, R37, R55 and p0. UO 1 Fund from 1993 fiscal year to present. Excluding NLM Fund, NCRR before fiscal year 1990 and NCNR Fund in fiscal year 1986. One of the most important funds is
r 0 1； Some RPGs are called program grants, which are designed to fund research in interdisciplinary fields. Many experts are involved, and each expert is responsible for the research of a problem.
R0 1: Research ProjectGrants, which are allocated to research institutions at home and abroad in the United States to support individual research projects of scientists, are the main ways of NIH funding.
R03: Small grant, a small fund to support early or short-term research projects.
R09: Scientific evaluation and academic evaluation fund, which is used as the activity fund for applying for the chairman of the preliminary evaluation team.
R 13: Conference grants, conference fund, which aims at funding conference exchanges related to research projects.
R 1 5: Academic Research Enhancement Awards, an academic research enhancement fund, which supports the development of small-scale innovative research or research technology or the further analysis of previous work results.
R 1 8: research demonstration and alienation project, research results verification and promotion plan, support for research and development of health care measures, testing and promotion of health knowledge.
R2 1: Exploration and Development Fund I- Exploration/Development Grant I, with the requirements of duration and level, aims to encourage innovative research in specific fields, and the application must meet the RFA and PAs requirements of R2 1 project.
R24: Resource-related research project, which supports the development and utilization of existing research resources in biomedical field.
R33: Exploration and Development Fund II-exploration, Developmental Grants (Phase II) is a second-phase funded fund, which is used to conduct more in-depth innovative and exploratory research on the original R2l project. The applicant must be the winner of R2 1 Fund, and the application must meet the requirements of RFA and pa of R2 1 Project.
R34: Clinical Trial Planning Grant, a fund for clinical trials, supports the initial work of clinical trials, such as setting up research teams, developing data processing tools and designing experimental procedures.
R37: Long-term funding fund for research and development-method (merit) award for timely extension of research, providing long-term funding for outstanding scientists for the first five years, and continuing thereafter.
Continue funding for 3-5 years. The number of places is limited, and the sponsors are selected by NIH consultants and managers.
R4 1 and R42: Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant, which aims to fund R&D and: D cooperation plan, is
The funded projects directly formulated by Congress are the same as SBIR. It is also funded in two stages. The first phase fund (R4 1) is a feasible investment; The second phase fund (R42) is the further development of the product.
R43 and R44: Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant, a small business innovation research fund, which aims to fund R&D and: D cooperation programs, yes.
The funded project directly formulated by Congress is funded in two phases, and the first phase (R43) is an experimental investment, so as to analyze the technology and feasibility of whether the project can be transformed into commercial products. The second phase fund (R44) is the further development of this project. (Partnership Program)
F3 1: National Research Service Award (NRSA) scholarship for ethnic minority students and disabled students.
F32: Postdoctoral Personal Research Service Award (NRSA).
F33: National Senior Researcher Research Service Award (NRSA),
The object of funding is experienced researchers, aiming at promoting the development of their research career and cultivating good academic background and research skills.
F35: Internal National Research Service Award (NRSA) individual postdoctoral project, and postdoctoral individual fund research project in NIH hospital. (research career plan)
K0 1: Research Scientist Development Awards Research and Training is a research and training fund for scientists, aiming at funding their skills training and career development.
K02- Independent Scientist Awards is an independent scientist fund, which supports scientists and clinicians who have just started their independent research work, replacing the original K02 and K04 funds.
K06: Study career direction. Funding provided by various research institutes for the research of outstanding researchers.
K08~ Counseling clinic. Cal Science Development Award, lasting for 3-5 years, replaces the original K08, K 1 1 and K 15 funds.
K22: Research Scholar Development Award is the start-up fund to support postdoctoral staff in academic research institutions to develop into assistant professors.
K23: Guidance for patient-oriented research career development award, aiming at supporting young scientists engaged in clinical research.
K24: Mid-career Researcher Award for Patients. The targeted research fund for middle-aged researchers supports middle-aged scientists to continue their clinical research and guide young doctors.
K25: Career Development Award for Guiding Quantitative Research, which is a quantitative research career development fund to support junior researchers with good academic and engineering backgrounds outside the biomedical field, aiming at promoting interdisciplinary research.
K30: Clinical Research Course Award, a clinical research route fund, supports new clinical research projects that have not yet been carried out or expands existing research projects. (R&D related contracts)
NO 1: R&D-related contracts, funding the research and development of new products or technologies needed for scientific research. (Research projects and centers)
P0 1: Research Program Projects is a long-term interdisciplinary research project led by the chief scientist.
P30: Center Core Grants, the core fund of the research center, supports interdisciplinary research teams with the same research direction.
P50: Special Research Center Program-a special center funded by R&; Contract project. (Training program)
Tu2: National Research Assistance Fund of NIH Hospital Research Institute and National Research Service Award of institutions. With the invoice (0D) of NIH campus facilities, research institutions are supported to provide technical training for college students and postdoctoral researchers who are short of talents in T32 project.
T32- National Research Fund for Research Institutions-National Research Service Award for Institutions (NRSA) supports academic institutions to train postdoctoral and postdoctoral personnel. T35-NRSA short-term personal research and training fund -nrsashort-$ TERM research and training award (cooperation agreement)
U0 1: The research project cooperation agreement, similar to the fund, is an additional investment made by NIH to the fund winner, so NIH has also become a participant in the research project.
Ul9: Research project cooperation agreement, which aims to fund interdisciplinary and long-term cooperation of multiple research projects with the same goal.
U24: Resource-related research project cooperation agreement is an additional funding for multi-party investment research projects.
The purpose is to strengthen the application of related research resources in biomedical research.
U43: The first stage of SBIR cooperation agreement-The first stage of SBIR cooperation agreement is an agreement to increase funds for the R&D cooperation plan. The first phase of the fund is an experimental investment, and the technical and feasibility analysis is carried out on whether the research project can be transformed into commercial products.
U44: The second stage of SBIR cooperation agreement-the second stage of SBIR cooperation agreement, which is an agreement between small enterprises and research institutions. D additional funds for the cooperation plan. The second phase fund is the further development of the project.
U54: Cooperation agreement of professional centers, supporting interdisciplinary biomedical research from basic to clinical.
U56: Exploratory funding cooperation agreement, which is used for in-depth research of new or existing research projects or feasibility study of interdisciplinary projects.
Uc 1: NIH Challenge Fund and Participant Project Fund Phase II NIH Challenge Grant and Partnership Plan Phase II, Cooperation Agreement (NIAID), which aims to fund the cooperation between NIH and domestic and foreign research institutions and accelerate the R&D application of infectious disease research results. (Inter-agency agreement)
Y0 1: NIH agency agreement, which subsidizes government agencies other than HHS to conduct research or develop special products.
Y02:NIH internal agreement-NIH internal agreement, which funds other institutions within NIH or other HHS departments to conduct research or product development. NIH has a strict and mature peer review system, which is divided into two levels (two-level review system), and the academic review of applications and fund support are carried out independently. After the application is completed, it will be sent to the Scientific Review Center (CSR ), CSR NIH. The staff of CSR will select the most suitable preliminary evaluation expert group and the most suitable funded research institute or research center according to the research content of the application, and then send it to the scientific review team (SRG or research department) in the corresponding field to review its scientific and technical problems. SRGs is the main department responsible for applying for audit and the core of the audit system, which mainly
It is composed of well-known folk scientists in various research fields or medical specialties, with 16 ~ 20 members, and is managed by the corresponding SRA.
At present, there are about 125 SRGs in CSR, which are responsible for the review of most single application items (such as R0 1). Before the joint review, each review expert shall review each application separately, and 2 ~ 3 experts shall also prepare written opinions. For application1=; The evaluation mainly includes the following criteria: the significance of the project, the innovation of the project, the conformity between research methods and research objectives, the qualifications and working background of the applicant, working conditions and academic environment. Nearly half of the very competitive applications will be further fully discussed, and their academic nature will be given a quantitative score. The second step of the review is to send it to the National Advisory Committee or the Board of Directors of the NIH Institute or Research Center. The Committee is composed of scientists and representatives from all walks of life who are concerned about health issues. The general members are 12~ 18. The overall level, research purpose, budget and initial review opinions of SRGs of the funded units were comprehensively investigated. R & ampd. The contents of the application for contract funds must conform to the provisions made by the government in RFP (requirements of PROPOSA1), so its review process is different from that of ordinary applications and needs multi-party review. Generally, the project managers of various research institutes generate a preliminary research plan according to the opinions of consultants outside the hospital, and the project managers of NIH form a formal RFP after improvement to clarify the work that the applicant should complete. In order to let the scientific community know the situation as widely as possible, it is usually published in business newspapers or publicized through other channels. After the application is submitted, a technical review team composed of non-governmental scientists will review it according to the requirements of RFP. According to the opinions of evaluation experts and NIH managers, decide whether the applicant is competitive and whether face-to-face examination is needed. After the interview, the applicant must resubmit the final and best revised scheme, and only the scheme that best meets the government's requirements can be funded. In rare cases, research institutions will also provide financial support for non-bid applications that meet the requirements of NIH special projects. The evaluation of NIH hospital research projects, plans and applicants is the responsibility of the corresponding scientific advisory committee. The Council is composed of folk scientists who have made outstanding achievements in various research fields, and reviews the research projects, application projects and achievements of NIH scientists. The Council has a dual responsibility, not only to make a professional academic evaluation of research projects and researchers, but also to make a comprehensive evaluation of the in-hospital work of various research institutes. It takes at least 9 months from the submission of the application to the final determination of the funding target, and under special circumstances, it takes 6 months at the earliest. Legally speaking, any project must pass the second trial to get funding. After the second trial, the applicant can be informed of the funding situation, and can also be allowed to apply again after revision. The recent NIH funding rate is 1/3. In addition to reviewing applications, another task of the joint hearing expert group is to synthesize the relative funding rates of various fields and balance the funding of various research fields after review. Therefore, the composition and changes of each joint hearing expert group will have an important impact on the funding field of NIH, which is why NIH is extremely cautious about any changes of the joint hearing expert group. NIH reviews about 43,400 research and training programs every year. According to the latest data, NIH is funding as many as 46,700 projects, involving major universities, medical schools and other research and training institutions in the United States and abroad.
NIH's evaluation system: applicants submit about 35,000 applications every year-evaluation experts review the academic issues of the applications-evaluation experts and public representatives further review the applications to determine the funding targets-and only 32% of the applicants can finally get funding.
In-hospital research projects account for a small part of NIH's total budget and are limited to NIH's internal use. The main force in charge of NIH hospital research is world-class scientists. They cooperate across institutions and disciplines and freely explore scientific issues in NIH laboratory, covering biological basis, behavioral research, disease treatment and other aspects. NIH's out-of-hospital research projects are all over the most important universities and medical schools in the United States and abroad, and the research fields involve all aspects of biomedicine.
At present, there are 18000 employees engaged in NIH research projects inside and outside the hospital. The staff of the hospital mainly include hospital doctors, doctors, dentists, veterinarians, nurses, laboratory staff, administrative staff, other auxiliary staff and constantly updated senior researchers, among whom there are more than 4,000 professional researchers. The progress of science mainly depends on the efforts of scientists. Therefore, NIH has invested heavily in the training of researchers. At present, about 50,000 outstanding researchers are still receiving training for research doctoral degrees.