Health includes both physical and psychological aspects, and it is a state of perfect body and mind and good adaptability. Early childhood is an extremely rapid period of children's physical and functional development, and it is also an important stage to form a sense of security and optimism. A well-developed body, happy mood, strong physique, coordinated movements, good living habits and basic living ability are important signs of children's physical and mental health, and are also the basis for learning and development in other fields.
In order to effectively promote children's physical and mental health development, adults should provide children with reasonable and balanced nutrition, ensure adequate sleep and appropriate exercise, and meet the needs of children's growth and development; Create a warm interpersonal environment, so that children can fully feel affection and care, and form a positive and stable mood; Help children develop good habits of living and hygiene, improve their self-protection ability, and form a life-long beneficial ability and civilized lifestyle.
Children's physical and mental development is not yet mature, and they need careful care and care from adults, but they should not be overprotected and arranged instead, so as not to deprive children of the opportunity to learn independently, develop the bad habit of excessive dependence, and affect their initiative and independent development.
Second, language.
Language is a tool for communication and thinking. Early childhood is an important period of language development, especially oral development. The development of children's language runs through all fields of physical and mental development and has a vital impact on the development of other fields. While using language to communicate, children are also developing their interpersonal skills, judging communicative situations and organizing their own thoughts. And get information through language, and gradually make learning go beyond the direct perception of individuals.
Children's language ability is developed in the process of communication and application. It is necessary to create a free and relaxed language communication environment for children, encourage and support children to communicate with adults and peers, and make children want to speak, dare to speak and like to speak, and get positive responses. Providing rich and suitable reading materials for children, reading books and telling stories with children often helps to enrich children's language expression ability, cultivate good reading interests and habits, and further expand children's learning experience.
Children's language learning needs the support of corresponding social experience, and children's interest in words should be cultivated in life situations and reading activities. Early reading through mechanical memory and intensive training is not in line with children's learning characteristics and acceptance.
Third, society.
The process of learning and development in children's social field is the process of improving children's sociality and laying a sound personality foundation, which mainly includes interpersonal communication and social adaptation. Childhood is a critical period of social development, and good interpersonal relationship and social adaptability have an important impact on children's physical and mental health development and the play of knowledge, ability and wisdom. In the process of interacting with adults and peers, children not only learn how to get along with others, but also learn how to treat themselves and others, and constantly develop their ability to adapt to social life.
Families, kindergartens and society should work together to create a warm and caring family and collective life atmosphere for young children, establish a good parent-child relationship and teacher-student relationship, so that young children can establish a sense of security and trust in positive and healthy interpersonal relationships, develop self-confidence and self-esteem, learn to abide by rules in a good social environment and culture, and establish a basic sense of identity and belonging.
Children's sociality is developed through observation and imitation learning in daily life and games. Adults should pay attention to the subtle influence of their words and deeds on children.
Fourth, science.
Children's scientific learning is a process in which children discover and understand the essence of things and the relationship between things in the process of solving practical problems, which mainly includes scientific inquiry and mathematical cognition. In the process of using mathematics to scientifically explore natural things and solve real life problems, children not only gain rich perceptual experience and fully develop thinking in images, but also try to classify, sort out, summarize and abstract specific things, gradually develop logical thinking ability and lay a foundation for further learning in other fields.
The core of children's scientific learning is to stimulate their desire to explore and cultivate their ability to explore. Adults should be good at discovering and protecting children's curiosity, make full use of natural and real life opportunities, guide children to learn to discover, analyze and solve problems through observation, comparison, operation and experiment, help children accumulate experience and apply it to new learning activities, and form lifelong learning methods and abilities.
The development of children's thinking is mainly based on concrete image thinking. Children should be guided to learn scientifically through direct perception, personal experience and practical operation, rather than instilling and strengthening in pursuit of knowledge mastery.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) art
Art is an important form for human beings to feel, express and create beauty, and it is also a unique way for human beings to express their understanding and emotional attitude towards the surrounding world.