How to raise prawns
Dredging and disinfection
After harvesting prawns (seasonal or stubble), the pond wall should be cleaned, the pond water drained, and the pond should be dredged and dried. Sludge and sundries in shrimp ponds must be thoroughly removed. As far as possible, the dirty, black and smelly sludge at the bottom of the pond should be removed and transported to a place far away from the shrimp pond for burial, so as not to bring hidden dangers to the next construction. After dredging, the shrimp pond must be cleaned until there is no black sewage. After the sewage is drained, the pond should be dried. Before releasing the seedlings, an appropriate amount of clean seawater or fresh water and some drugs such as Texiaoling, dibromohydantoin and bromochlorohydantoin should be introduced. The pond with strong bactericidal power and good effect should be selected for disinfection. The potion must be evenly sprinkled in the pool water. Where the liquid medicine has not been soaked (including the dam on the pond wall), the liquid medicine should be sprinkled with tools and then soaked in the pond for several days. During soaking, if there is dirt floating on the water surface, it should be removed before 5 pm. In a few days, drain the medicine and check the pond. If there is any biological residue in the pond, it must be removed before entering the water. When entering the water, add 80 ~ 100 mesh filter disc or mesh bag at the water inlet.
Water disinfection and water quality testing
When the water in the pond reaches the required water level (the water level depends on different seasons), first check whether rotifers, dinoflagellates (noctiluca scintillans) and noctiluca scintillans are brought into the water body, and check the salinity and ph value. If there are rotifers and dinoflagellates, drugs that can kill rotifers and dinoflagellates and disinfect water bodies should be selected. If rotifers and dinoflagellates are not carried in seawater, some disinfectants should be selected, such as dibromohydantoin and bromochlorohydantoin, which can kill harmful bacteria, but have little or no damage to algae. After disinfection, the ph value and salinity were detected. If the ph value is not above 8.0, a certain amount of lime powder must be poured to improve the ph value. If it is muddy, it is best to pour 50 to 80 kilograms of dolomite powder or zeolite powder per mu to cover and improve the silt.
Abundant water
Cultivating algae and fertilizer water is an important link, and whether the plankton reproduction in pond water meets the requirements can not be underestimated, which is related to the early survival of fry.
Rate is directly related. Therefore, in order to have a high survival rate and high yield of shrimp seedlings, it is necessary to fertilize water. The transparency after early fertilization should be 30 ~ 40 cm. Brown (brown) is the best color for Penaeus monodon (green shrimp and hornbeam shrimp), and Chaetoceros is the main brown water body, which can cultivate zooplankton for shrimp larvae to eat. Penaeus vannamei is yellow-green or green, and needs fresh water. Here are some methods of fertilizing water for reference (based on water depth 1m):
(1) Living water element (microbial fertilizer): per mu 1 kg, watering.
(2) Clear water element (Bacillus subtilis): 350-400g per mu, sprinkling water.
(3) Tea bran: 3-4kg per mu for earthen ponds, 6-7kg for sand ponds and 8 8- 10/0kg for slope protection ponds. Soak for 4 ~ 7 days, filter to remove residue, add water and spray evenly. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate: per cubic meter of water 10g, mixed with water and sprayed evenly. Compound fertilizer: 2 ~ 3kg/mu, 1 ~ 2kg/mu after 2 days, and evenly spread after watering.
Seed selection
The selection of shrimp seedlings is also one of the keys to the success or failure of shrimp culture. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully select healthy seedlings that have been tested and are free of viruses and harmful bacteria. The following provides an intuitive selection method for reference:
The fry of Macrobrachium nipponense should be larger than 1. 1cm, with uniform individual size, clean body surface, normal body color, no attachments, lively swimming, counter-current swimming, straight shrimp body, eyes open when swimming, eyes and tail leaves open for a while when not swimming.
Penaeus vannamei (white shrimp) seedlings: the body length is 0.9 ~ 1.0 cm, the body color transparency is high, and the individual difference is small. Full stomach, strong appetite, lively swimming, clean body surface, consistent color, suitable body shape, big head and small body.
Seedling transportation and disinfection measures before entering the pool
In the transportation process of fry, especially in farms far away from fry farms, there will inevitably be losses in the transportation process, which will reduce the vitality of shrimp fry. In order to ensure the survival rate and vitality of the seedlings and reduce the mortality rate, before the seedlings were packaged,100g immunopolysaccharide or 30-50g g- 1 was added to the water in a large barrel (0.3m3) for packaging and watering. D life elements (only choose one of them), stir evenly, aerate, then pack seedlings with water in the bucket and package. After returning to the farm, prepare disinfectant [Qiangke 10 1{ ultra-iodine quaternary ammonium salt], the dosage of half an acre of square water is 0.5 ~ 1 g, and soak for half an hour] to disinfect the seedlings before putting them into the pond.
Set feed observation platform and aerator.
It is best to set up a feed observation platform in the east, west, north and south of each shrimp pond. The setting of feed table is beneficial to observe the feeding situation of prawns and the amount of feed put in. By observing the feed table, we can know and master the stomach fullness of prawns, the amount of feed, the distribution of prawn feces and prawns, thus determining the increase or decrease of feed and the dosage of a certain part in the next meal.
The matching of the aerator is generally per mu 1 horse. If the seedling density exceeds 60,000 plants, each acre should be equipped with more than 1 aerator. The aerator is best equipped with impeller, submersible and nanotube, and the effect is better. Adding an aerator can not only prevent prawns from floating due to lack of oxygen, but also improve the water environment and activate water condition factors.
Tips for eating shrimp
Nutritional analysis
1, shrimp is nutritious, soft and easy to digest, which is an excellent food for people who are weak and need to be nursed back to health after illness;
2. Shrimp is rich in magnesium, which plays an important role in regulating heart activity and protecting cardiovascular system. It can reduce the cholesterol content in blood, prevent arteriosclerosis, dilate coronary artery, and help prevent hypertension and myocardial infarction.
3. Shrimp has a strong breast enhancement effect and is rich in phosphorus and calcium, especially suitable for children and pregnant women;
4. A very important substance in prawns is astaxanthin, which is a component with red surface color. Astaxanthin is the strongest antioxidant found at present. The darker the color, the higher the astaxanthin content. Widely used in cosmetics, food additives and medicines. Scientists at osaka university in Japan have found that astaxanthin in shrimp helps to eliminate jet lag? Time difference? .
For the public.
The general population can eat it.
1, suitable for middle-aged and elderly people with calf cramps caused by calcium deficiency; Suitable for pregnant women and patients with cardiovascular diseases; Suitable for people with kidney deficiency, impotence, male infertility and weakness of waist and feet.
2. Patients with chronic diseases should not eat shrimp when they get angry; Elderly people with allergic rhinitis, bronchitis and recurrent allergic dermatitis should not eat shrimp as hair products, and those with skin scabies should not eat it.
food therapy
Chinese medicine believes that seawater shrimp is warm and humid, sweet and salty, and enters the kidney and spleen meridians;
Shrimp has the effects of tonifying kidney and strengthening yang, promoting lactation and resisting toxicity, nourishing blood and solidifying essence, removing blood stasis and toxic materials, invigorating qi and strengthening yang, dredging collaterals and relieving pain, stimulating appetite and resolving phlegm.
It is suitable for patients with impotence due to kidney deficiency, nocturnal emission, premature ejaculation, galactorrhea, muscle pain, hand and foot convulsion, itching all over the body, skin ulceration, physical weakness, neurasthenia, etc.
Grams of food stage
Shrimp should not be eaten with some fruits. Shrimp is rich in nutrients such as protein and calcium. If you eat with fruits containing tannic acid such as grapes, pomegranate, hawthorn and persimmon, not only will the nutritional value of protein decrease, but tannic acid will combine with calcium ions to form insoluble conjugates, which will stimulate the gastrointestinal tract and cause discomfort, vomiting, dizziness, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Seafood should be eaten with these fruits at least 2 hours apart. Ecological habits of prawns