Scientific knowledge handwritten newspaper popular science knowledge handwritten newspaper content
1 The strongest muscle in the human body is the tongue.
It is impossible to hold your breath and commit suicide. Crocodiles cannot stick out their tongues.
Polar bears are left-handed. An ostrich's eyes are bigger than its head.
Starfish haven't evolved brains yet. A cockroach with its head cut off can live for 9 days, and the cause of death after 9 days is starvation.
Giraffes don't cough. The owl is the only bird that can distinguish blue.
10 The whale's heartbeat is only 9 times per minute. 1 1 astronauts can't cry in space because tears can't flow without gravity.
12 elephants will always stand after death. 13 Some insects can live without their heads 1 year.
14 The wing length of a Boeing 747 is exactly the distance the Wright brothers flew for the first time. Popular science knowledge 1. Why do the stars twinkle? We see the stars shining, not because the luminosity of the stars has changed, but because of the occlusion of the atmosphere.
The atmosphere is between us and the stars. When starlight passes through the atmosphere, it will be affected by the density and thickness of the atmosphere. The atmosphere is not absolutely transparent, and its transparency will change according to its density.
So when we look at the stars through it on the ground, we will see that the stars seem to be flashing. 2. Why do people yawn? When we feel tired, a lot of carbon dioxide has been produced in our bodies.
When there is too much carbon dioxide, oxygen must be supplemented to balance the needs of the body. Because these residual carbon dioxide will affect our body's functional activities, then the body will send out a protective reaction, so we yawn.
Yawning is a deep breathing action, which will let us breathe in more oxygen and expel more carbon dioxide than usual, and it can also eliminate fatigue. 3. Why can snakes walk without feet? Snakes have many scales, which are the outermost armor on their bodies.
Scales are not only used to protect the body, but also to be their "feet". When a snake crawls forward, its body will be S-shaped.
Every scale outside the S-shape will tilt upward to help the snake catch the uneven road when it moves forward. These scales cooperate with the muscles of the snake and can push the body forward, so the snake can walk without feet! 4. Why do sunflowers always bloom towards the sun? There is a substance called "auxin" in the stem under the sunflower disk.
This substance has the function of accelerating replication, but it is anti-optical, and it will run to the backlight side whenever it encounters light. So when the sun rises, the stem of the sunflower immediately hides to the side of the backlight, as if the whole plant is bent in the direction of the sun.
5. Why does hair turn white when people are old? There is a substance called melanin in our hair. The more melanin, the darker our hair will be. Without melanin, hair will turn yellow or white.
When human beings reach old age, various functions of the body will gradually decline, and the formation of pigments will be less and less, so the hair will gradually turn white! 6. Why do fireflies glow? Fireflies emit light because there is a luminous body at the end of their abdomen, which is filled with a lot of phosphorus-containing luminescent substances and luminescent enzymes, so that fireflies can emit flashing light. The purpose of fireflies is not only lighting, but also courtship, vigilance and trapping.
This is also a communication tool for them. Different kinds of fireflies emit light in different ways, frequencies and colors, so they can convey different information. 7. Why do you growl when you are hungry? When you are hungry, you will purr. This is because the food you have eaten before has almost been digested. Although the stomach is empty, the gastric juice in the stomach will continue to secrete.
At this time, the contraction of the stomach will gradually expand, and the liquid and gas inside will be stirred up and purr. Don't be embarrassed by your stomach growling next time! Because this is a normal physiological action.
8. Why can't ostriches fly? A giant ostrich, but they can't fly into the sky! This is not because their wings are useless, but because their feathers are too soft and their wings are too small to fly at all. In addition, the ostrich's muscles are underdeveloped and its sternum is flat, which is not conducive to flying.
Ostriches live in Africa. Because they have lived in desert areas for a long time, their bodies gradually evolved into what they are now in order to adapt to the environment. 9. Why can't it go bad easily? Lunch meat, black bean shad, tomato sauce beans.
. They are all delicious canned food, which can be preserved for a long time without deterioration.
This is because the can is sealed, so bacteria can't enter. When people make canned food, they pump all the air out of the canned food and then seal it.
In the absence of air, even if the food inside is contaminated with a little bacteria, they can't survive or reproduce! 10. Why does the baby cry all the time when it is born? Babies cry when they are born, not because they are unhappy, but because they are taking the first breath of air! When babies leave their mother's body and are born, the first breath of air will rush to their throats, violently impact the vocal cords, make them vibrate, and then make a sound similar to crying. 1 1. Why do lizards keep bouncing up after their tails are broken? In order to protect themselves, many lizards also protect their eyes and ears; When some lizards are attacked, their tails will be broken due to the severe contraction of their muscles.
Because there are still some nerves alive in the broken tail, it will keep bouncing, thus distracting the enemy and running away. Don't think that their lives will end like this. In fact, it only takes a few months, and their tails will grow back and move on.
12. Why is the squirrel's tail so big? Don't look at the relaxed mouse tail! When the squirrel jumps around the tree, its tail plays a great role. It can keep balance when the squirrel jumps to the tree to avoid falling and being injured.
In addition, this big tail can play a more protective role in winter, tightly surrounding the squirrel's body, which is convenient and practical. 13. Why can't a person have one or three thumbs? The average person has five fingers, each with a different length.
However, does anyone realize that besides the thumb, other fingers also have three sections, while the thumb alone has only two sections? It turns out that the number of joints is just the same as the other four fingers. If it's three knots, the thumb will look weak, so it won't.
Primary school science handwritten newspaper materials
Life-related primary school science knowledge: 1, raw jiaozi will sink, cooked will float, because hot air is lighter than cold air; Adding salt can make potatoes and eggs float. Salt is added to increase the density of water; 3. Parachutes made of plastic film can stay in the air for a long time because there is updraft at the edge of tall buildings; 4. We can see the blue sky because blue light has the strongest penetrating power in sunlight; 5. Magnifier can burn paper because convex lens can focus; 6, the compass can guide, because the south is the north pole of the geomagnetic field; 7. The chain is wound around the wheels driving in the snow to increase the friction; 8. There are fewer and fewer stars at night, because the universe is still expanding; 9. Plants have the functions of making oxygen, absorbing dust and noise, reducing the surrounding temperature, resisting sandstorms and consolidating soil and water, so we should plant a variety of trees and grasses; 10, air conditioning, automobile exhaust, cement floor and a large number of houses are the chief culprits of the greenhouse effect.
Scientific achievements: 1, BIGBANG was born13.7 billion years ago; 2.BIGBANG produced a high temperature of 65.438+000 billion degrees; 3. Galaxies and stars are formed by nuclear fusion in which a large amount of hydrogen attracts nebulae to produce helium; The sun was born 4.5 billion years ago; 5. The earth was born 4.47 billion years ago; 6. The moon was hit by an ancient planet and flew out from the bottom of the Pacific Ocean; 7. Most planetary nuclei in the solar system are liquid; 8. The water and life elements on the earth come from the ice meteorites in the universe; 9. The earliest life on the earth is cyanobacteria, and the earliest animal is Mother Ocean: 10. Human evolutionary history: spiny fish (prehistoric shark 500 million years ago)-triceratops (prehistoric triceratops 300 million years ago)-primitive giant fish (amphibian 200 million years ago)-like Jilong (65433)
Popular science knowledge handwritten newspaper materials
Dust is annoying to everyone, and it is harmful to the environment? Health is harmful to human health. Therefore, throughout the ages, people have always been "diligent, not dusty." However, have you ever thought that human beings can't live without dust? If there is really no dust in nature, what kind of situation will we face?
The diameter of dust particles is generally between one ten thousandth and one millionth of a millimeter. The dust that the human eye can see is a giant in the dust, and the tiny dust can only be seen under a high-power microscope. The main sources of dust are soil and rocks. After weathering, they split into fine particles. These particles float in the air with other organic particles. They absorb some sunlight and reflect it around, just like countless point light sources. The sunlight is greatly weakened by the reflection of dust, so it becomes soft. If there is no dust in the atmosphere, strong sunlight will make people unable to open their eyes.
Interestingly, dust particles also have a "strange temper", which tends to reflect purple, blue and cyan light with shorter wavelengths, and "likes" to absorb other colors with longer wavelengths. The sky we see on the ground is blue because of the high dust content in the lower atmosphere. If there were no dust in the atmosphere, the sky would be white.
Most dust is hygroscopic. Water vapor in the air must adhere to dust to condense into small water droplets. In this way, when the water vapor in the air reaches saturation, the dispersed water vapor will adhere? Dust forms stable water droplets that can float in the air for a long time. If there is no dust in the air, everything on the ground will be wet. What's more, there can be no clouds in the sky, and it is impossible to form rain and snow to adjust the climate, so it is impossible for water evaporated from the ground to return to the ground. If there is less and less water on the earth and it dries up completely, living things can't survive. In addition, due to the refraction of sunlight by these water droplets, there will be colorful natural scenery such as sunset glow, idle clouds and rainbow halo from Zhao Hui. If there were no dust in the air, how monotonous nature would be!
The role of dust tells us that everything has two sides, and some of them are even
What people regard as "waste" often has its existence value that cannot be ignored. Only by correctly understanding them can we seek advantages and avoid disadvantages and benefit mankind.
Is this it?
Or this one below.
Fine dry powder particles of soil or other substances; Something reduced to tiny parts; Fine powder.
Dust is the enemy of human health, so people especially hate it, because it carries many bacteria, viruses and eggs everywhere and spreads diseases. Industrial dust and fiber dust can make workers suffer from various incurable occupational diseases. Excessive dust will also cause environmental pollution, affect people's normal life and work, and induce human respiratory diseases.
However, the contribution of dust can never be erased. If there is no dust in the atmosphere, sunlight will not be absorbed, reflected, scattered and refracted, and the sky will be either too bright or too dark. Because dust is a hygroscopic particle, without its core, water vapor in the air can't condense and clouds in the sky can't form. Without the cover of clouds, the surface will become dry and barren, and the weather will be either too hot or too cold. Without dust, many harmful rays in the universe will break into the earth's surface without hindrance, posing a fatal threat to human beings and all kinds of creatures.
Although Dust has many shortcomings, its contribution is endless. It can make the earth get solar energy gently, and it can also make enough condensation nuclei in the atmosphere, increasing the chances of cloud and rain formation. Adjust the surface temperature to make it suitable for the survival and reproduction of life.
Scientific knowledge handwritten newspaper
I love science. In 2 1 century, science will become human life.
If you don't know science, you can't survive in this society. If you have a seed of science and cultivate it carefully, it will take root, sprout and bear countless fruits over time ... The Nobel Prize in Science is an award that inspires people to love science and create our better life with science.
466 scientists from more than 20 countries won the Nobel Prize. When they walk to the podium of the Nobel Prize, they represent that they have great wealth created by science. Therefore, we should study science, love science and show science.
But how can we do it? Scientists tell us that curiosity is one of the most important aspects of human nature and the main driving force for exploring scientific mysteries; The best way to satisfy this strong desire is to have the courage to ask why, to try and innovate, to overthrow the previous words and conclusions, and finally to get your own results. For example, Galileo, Copernicus and others bravely pointed out the wrong arguments of their predecessors regardless of pressure and opposition from all sides.
Through personal practice and experiments, I proved that my point of view was correct and gained my own success. I heard that there are three senior one students in a middle school, and they are also very curious.
They are full of curiosity about the national musical instrument CuO. After analyzing the characteristics of this instrument, they decided to make a musical instrument similar to "Wrong". They go to pick up or buy a lot of straws every day. They study carefully, take advantage of countless breaks and experience countless failures.
As the saying goes, "failure is the mother of success" is not wrong at all. They finally succeeded. 65,438+0,000 straws are inserted together to form a huge straw instrument, which sounds as beautiful and euphemistic as its sound, even better than the sound of "Fu". Although they are not great scientists, it is not easy for them to think of such things and overcome many difficulties to do them.
Think about myself, I have tried the taste of success. Seeing others playing with airplane models before, curiosity drove me to have a new desire to be a model, so I kept collecting materials and then made them myself. Although I hurt my hand, shed blood and left a scar in the process of doing it, I finally succeeded in making a beautiful model plane.
At that time, my happy expression had forgotten all the pain and suffering in the process of doing it. This is the curiosity of our teenagers. What teenagers can think of, adults may not think of, because teenagers' fantasies are naive and strange.
In fact, the innate conditions of Nobel Prize winners are not as good as ours. Why can't we do what they can? Young friends, seize our precious youth! Use your head and do it! The power of science is infinite, and it will bring you unexpected wealth. Therefore, we should love science, but if we don't dig the mystery of science and practice it, we will never get the happiness of science.
Some people only know one thing and don't know another. How can they succeed if they only understand the surface and don't explore deeply? Science is like an ocean ten thousand times bigger than the universe. We are like some fish. Although we swim freely today, there will be no oxygen in the water tomorrow, so we have to change places. This ocean will be polluted by us. At this time, we will look for another ocean. This is the new science we are looking for. Only by constantly updating can we have a better life.
How far is the Nobel Prize in Science from us? Needless to say, as long as you sow the seeds of science from an early age and study hard, it will be around us. How do birds sleep during the day? Birds shuttle through the branches and fly freely under the blue sky. At night, they should rest, sleep and recover their strength like us, but the sleeping posture is different! Beautiful mallard ducks and swans hunt and play in the water during the day, but they can't rest when they leave their favorite water at night. They bend their beautiful long necks, bury their heads in their wings, and then let themselves float on the water, dreaming a beautiful dream, drifting with the tide, very leisurely.
Long-legged birds such as cranes, storks and herons always sleep independently on one foot, and when they are tired, they change their other feet, which is a model of combining work and rest. Partridges like to form a big circle in groups when resting, and then their heads are outward and their tails are inward.
In this way, no matter which direction the enemy attacks, they can find and escape in time. Birds with sweet voices, such as blackbirds and larks, usually bend their legs when sleeping, and their claws bend to firmly grasp the branches without worrying about falling from the trees.
And the owl, a "night-shift" raptor, you can always see it standing on a dense branch with one eye open during the day, actually sleeping. Isn't the owl's sleeping position very different? Is to always monitor the surrounding environment and guard against enemy attacks! = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Will the fish drown? Fish has gills and can breathe in the water, while fish has swim bladder and can float freely in the water.
However, some people say that fish living in water will also drown. Is it true?/You don't say. It sounds ridiculous, but it's true. The swim bladder is the "lifebuoy" for fish swimming, and it can adjust the specific gravity of fish by inflating and deflating.
In this way, when swimming, the fish can maintain a stable state, will not sink or float in the water, and the muscle activity is minimal. However, when the fish sinks to a certain depth (that is, the "critical depth"), the huge external pressure will make the volume of the swim bladder irreparable.
At this point, its buoyancy is less than its own gravity, so it will involuntarily sink to the bottom of the water, can not float up again, and will eventually drown because it can not breathe. Although fish can still float upward by swinging their fins and tails, it won't help if they sink too deep.
On the other hand, fish living in the deep sea can live freely in the deep water because their bones can bear great pressure. If we quickly let the fish living in the deep sea reach above the "critical depth", because the pressure inside its body cannot be balanced with the smaller pressure outside, it will not.
Scientific development manuscript
In his report, Comrade Hu pointed out that in the new stage of development, to continue to build a well-off society in an all-round way and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics, we must adhere to the guidance of * * * theory and the important thought of * * * and thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development. It is a concentrated expression of Marxist world outlook and methodology on development, a scientific theory that comes down in one continuous line with Marxism-Leninism, * * thought, * * theory and * * important thought, an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development, and a major strategic thought that must be adhered to and implemented in developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Hu * * * pointed out that Scientific Outlook on Development was put forward based on the basic national conditions in the primary stage of socialism, summing up China's development practice, learning from foreign development experience and adapting to new development requirements. It is not arrogant, complacent, divorced from reality and eager for success to emphasize the understanding of the basic national conditions in the primary stage of socialism, but to persist in taking it as the fundamental basis for promoting reform and planning development. We must always keep a clear head and base ourselves on the greatest reality of the primary stage of socialism. Scientifically analyze and profoundly grasp the new problems and contradictions facing China's development, take the road of scientific development more consciously, and strive to open up a broader development prospect for Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Hu said, Scientific Outlook on Development, the first priority is development, the core is people-oriented, the basic requirement is comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable, and the fundamental method is overall consideration. -We must persist in taking development as the top priority of the Party in governing and rejuvenating the country. We must firmly grasp the center of economic construction. Persist in concentrating on construction and development, and constantly liberate and develop social productive forces. Efforts should be made to grasp the law of development, innovate the concept of development, change the mode of development, solve the development problems, improve the quality and efficiency of development, and achieve sound and rapid development. -we must adhere to the people-oriented principle. We should always take the realization, maintenance and development of the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the starting point and the end result of all the work of the party and the state, and respect the people's dominant position. Give full play to the people's initiative, safeguard people's rights and interests, take the road of prosperity, promote people's all-round development, and ensure that development is for the people, development depends on the people, and development results are shared by the people. -We must adhere to comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. We should comprehensively promote economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction in accordance with the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause, and promote the coordinated development of all links and aspects of modernization. Promote the coordination between production relations and productivity, superstructure and economic base. -We must make overall plans. We must correctly understand and properly handle the major relations in Socialism with Chinese characteristics's career, coordinate individual interests and collective interests, local interests and overall interests, current interests and long-term interests, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties. We should not only take the overall situation into consideration, but also do a good job in major work related to the overall situation and outstanding issues related to the interests of the masses. Hu * * * pointed out that the thorough implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development requires us to always adhere to the basic line of "one center and two basic points". The party's basic line is the lifeline of the party and the country and the political guarantee for scientific development. Taking economic construction as the center is the key to rejuvenating the country and the fundamental requirement for the prosperity and long-term stability of our party and country. The four cardinal principles are the foundation of the country and the political cornerstone of the survival and development of our party and country; Reform and opening up is the road to a strong country and the source of vitality for the development and progress of our party and country. We must persist in unifying the economic construction as the center and the four cardinal principles and the two basic points of reform and opening up with the great practice of developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and we must never waver. To thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development requires us to actively build a harmonious socialist society. We must increase social material wealth through development and constantly improve people's lives. We must also ensure social fairness and justice through development and constantly promote social harmony. The thorough implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development requires us to continue to deepen reform and opening up. We must implement the spirit of reform and innovation in all aspects of governing the country, unswervingly adhere to the direction of reform, improve the scientific nature of reform decisions, and enhance the coordination of reform measures. We will improve the socialist market economic system, promote institutional reform and innovation in all aspects, and accelerate the pace of reform in important areas and key links. Raising the level of opening to the outside world in an all-round way and thoroughly implementing Scientific Outlook on Development require us to strengthen and improve Party building. We should stand at the height of fulfilling the Party's mission of governing and rejuvenating the country, and embody improving the Party's ruling ability and maintaining and developing the Party's advanced nature in leading scientific development and promoting social harmony, and in leading China's development and progress, better representing and realizing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, so as to make the Party's work and Party building more in line with the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development and provide reliable political and organizational guarantee for scientific development.
The contents of scientific tabloids
Newton N 65438+ Newton (1642- 1727), a British scientist in the 7th century, founded mechanics.
Newton himself, as the father of mechanics, is one of the few scientists who have made epoch-making contributions to human civilization in the history of the world. Before Newton, it was generally believed that objects in the sky and objects on the ground had different laws of motion, one moving in a circle and the other in a straight line.
But Newton proved that no matter what objects in the sky or on the ground, they must follow the laws of inertia, particle motion and action and reaction, which is the so-called "Newton's three laws" movement. He also clearly pointed out that it is the attraction between celestial bodies that drives the planets to move around the sun.
Newton also first put forward the idea of launching artificial satellites, and he and Leibniz invented calculus at the same time. Newton also found that white light is actually a mixture of seven different colors of light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple.
But he always said modestly that my achievement is the result of standing on the shoulders of giants. The founder of the theory of biological evolution-Darwin n British scientist Darwin (1809- 1882) proposed the theory of biological evolution.
Darwin loved nature since childhood and liked to collect animal and plant specimens. He carefully compared various animals and plants, and found that all species with different forms evolved from their ancestors. After years of research, an epoch-making scientific masterpiece The Origin of Species was published in 1859.
He proved the evolutionary thought of "natural selection, survival of the fittest" with a large number of facts. In memory of the founder of this discipline, people call evolution "Darwinism".
3. The history of telegraph: Since we have telephone and computer network, telegraph is seldom used any more. Maybe the child doesn't know. But this is a very big invention at the end of 18.
1793, the Chape brothers in France set up a 230-kilometer-long support line between Paris and Lille to relay information. This is a communication system consisting of 16 signal towers.
The signalman controls the different angles of the bracket through the rope and pulley at the bottom to express relevant information. At that time, France and Austria were at war, and it took only one hour for the signal system to transmit the news of Dai Shengli-on-Aceh from the Austrian army to Paris.
Later, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, Germany and Russia also established this communication system. It is said that one of Chapei's two brothers was the first person to use the word "telegram".
Chang 'e-2 satellite is the pilot star of the second phase of China's lunar exploration project, and has accumulated engineering experience for the second phase. In addition to "flying directly" to the moon, Chang 'e II can also improve the resolution of the moon image from120m to10m.
He revealed that because Chang 'e II has a higher resolution, it will be able to see the traces left by human beings on the moon in the past, including China people. He pointed out that the main purpose of Chang 'e series satellites is to explore the moon.
At present, Chang 'e-3 is also progressing smoothly, and the development of the scheme stage has been completed, and it has entered the initial sample development stage of technical testing. "The initial sample stage can be completed in about 1 to 2 years, and then it will enter the normal sample stage.
According to the plan, it will be launched before 20 13 and finally land on the moon. "Why is the sorbet steaming? The reason why sorbet bubbles is because there is a lot of invisible water vapor in the outside air. When it comes to cold sorbet, it will liquefy into droplets when it is cold. It seems that the sorbet is bubbling.
Why do sunflowers always face the sun? Sunflower stems contain a wonderful auxin. This auxin is very afraid of light.
When it is illuminated, it will go to the backlight side, and the cells on the backlight side will multiply rapidly. Therefore, the backlit side will grow faster than the bright side, which will bend the sunflower to light. 2. Eclipse Every time the moon moves between the earth and the sun and three celestial bodies are connected in a line, an eclipse will occur (see figure 1).
The moon blocks the sunlight, causing a shadow on the earth, which makes some areas unable to receive part or all of the sunlight. As for how small the sun is covered by the observer, it depends on their position relative to the shadow of the moon.
If observers are in the penumbra, they will see a partial solar eclipse, while people in the umbra will see a total solar eclipse. 2. Why do people yawn? When we feel tired, a lot of carbon dioxide has been produced in our bodies.
When there is too much carbon dioxide, oxygen must be supplemented to balance the needs of the body. Because these residual carbon dioxide will affect our body's functional activities, then the body will send out a protective reaction, so we yawn.
Yawning is a deep breathing action, which will let us breathe in more oxygen and expel more carbon dioxide than usual, and it can also eliminate fatigue. Why do the stars twinkle? We see the stars shining, not because the luminosity of the stars has changed, but because of the occlusion of the atmosphere.
The atmosphere is between us and the stars. When starlight passes through the atmosphere, it will be affected by the density and thickness of the atmosphere. The atmosphere is not absolutely transparent, and its transparency will change according to its density.
So when we look at the stars through it on the ground, we will see that the stars seem to be flashing. Why do fireflies glow? Fireflies emit light because there is a luminous body at the end of their abdomen, which is filled with a lot of phosphorus-containing luminescent substances and luminescent enzymes, so that fireflies can emit flashing light.
The purpose of fireflies is not only lighting, but also courtship, vigilance and trapping. This is also a communication tool for them. Different kinds of fireflies emit light in different ways, frequencies and colors, so they can convey different information.
Why do lizards keep playing backwards when their tails are broken? In order to protect themselves, many lizards also protect their eyes and ears; When some lizards are attacked, their tails will be broken due to the severe contraction of their muscles. Because there are still some nerves alive in the broken tail, it will keep bouncing, thus distracting the enemy and running away.
Don't think that their lives will end like this. In fact, it only takes a few months, and their tails will grow back and move on. Why can snakes walk without feet? Snakes have many scales, which are the outermost armor on their bodies.
Scales are not only used to protect the body, but also belong to the body.