In combat, the secretion of norepinephrine will increase greatly, which will lead to the contraction of gastric vascular system and the decrease of mucus secretion by gastric mucosa.
When the balance between mucus and digestive enzymes is broken, the inside of the stomach wall is easily destroyed by digestive enzymes, resulting in small holes in the stomach wall.
Secondly, Freud believes that people are born with constant stress, and the defense mechanism is the strategy to deal with stress.
For example, refusal means that when individuals are threatened, they will deny the reality and believe that their actions are not wrong.
Depression means that consciousness sometimes automatically blocks out some very painful things, which may be stored in the subconscious. Typical symptoms of PTSD patients with traumatic sequelae. When a person has suffered a lot of trauma, he will appear scared silly, perhaps this memory has been blocked.
Projection means that when people face doubts, they will put their attribution on things other than themselves and shift the threats pointed at them to other purposes to get rid of themselves. The most common thing is that being late for work is often attributed to traffic problems, and failing the exam is attributed to the teacher's wrong concern.
Rationalization refers to rationalizing some unreasonable phenomena by reinterpreting events. In the face of failure, we will feel that the competition is too fierce this year, or the person who got the position is bigger than me. The advantage of rationalization is that it will make the pain tolerable like a filter.
Substitution means that in the face of external pain or unhappiness, this negative feeling will be transferred to people and things that have nothing to do with this matter, so that their negative emotions can be vented. It is common to encounter a lot of troubles at work. We often pretend to be comfortable, but when we get home, we lose our temper with the people closest to us.
Thirdly, Maslow pointed out that people who can realize self-acceptance and self-love are also called self-actualized people. Usually, these people are particularly good at coping with pressure, and they have the characteristics of 14.
Rational cognitive orientation, their interpretation of events is more clear and objective, and there are few prejudices and unrealistic guesses.
Tolerance, can tolerate and accept their own shortcomings, will not have negative emotions because of their own and others' mistakes, will actively respond and constantly surpass themselves.
Natural truth, less self-concealment, frankness and not hypocrisy. I don't have much anxiety about the unknown uncertainty, and I prefer to live in the present, let nature take its course and make an appropriate response according to the actual situation.
Problem-oriented, strong sense of responsibility, face problems directly. I will not focus on interpersonal problems, but prefer to be guided by macro goals. I don't regard all problems as problems, but as motivation to accomplish my goals.
Maslow believes that people who lack self-realization will regard themselves as hammers and all problems as nails. The only solution they can think of is to knock when they see a nail, and self-actualizers will use different tools to solve the problem.
Independence means that you can feel happiness and value when you are alone, not loneliness, anxiety and uneasiness. People with a high sense of self-realization will reflect on themselves in solitude, realize the energy in the subconscious and long for freedom.
Happy-go-lucky, full of curiosity, highly aware of the beauty of life, and keep curious. However, few demanding events are developed according to their own subjective wishes, and they will try to reduce their worries and anxieties and enjoy the present.
Creativity, thinking is full of creative elements.
Interpersonal relationships and networks are simpler than those with low self-realization cognition, and the number of intimate relationships is less.
Doing nothing rarely classifies people according to social moral standards, and has a weak purpose when giving goodwill to others.
Since they are equal, they will not be too conceited or too modest. Instead, they sincerely believe that every individual has wealth worthy of respect and learning, and will constantly establish positive contacts with different people.
Have a strong sense of national pride, can be well integrated into the culture where they grew up, rather than self-contradictory and conflicting cognition.
Cognitive independence, weak conformity, independent personality.
Sense of humor, whether the unhappiness in life can come from instinctive optimism, and there is no irony and hostility in the face of the disharmony between reality and ideal.
Peak experience, people with high self-realization cognition will have greater probability and higher frequency to experience the state of integration with all things in the universe, and the harmony between man and nature in life.
Fourthly, stress is an emotional experience, a psychological reaction after we evaluate our abilities subjectively.
When you feel that your ability to control and cope with events is gradually declining, your emotional experience of stress will gradually increase.
However, please note that a lack of awareness of your ability to control events does not necessarily lead to negative stress.
For example, if you are invited to run a marathon, people who have not trained at ordinary times will obviously back down and question their ability to finish the marathon. For people who have been exercising regularly, the stress response is obviously different.
In other words, some people will find it a challenge, while others will only feel fear. This is that different people will have different cognitive responses to stress.
Relevant research shows that we are born with the interaction of gene coding, brain structure, past experience and a large number of complex factors, which to some extent divides us into stress-prone people and stress-tolerant people.
Where does the theoretical basis of this classification come from?
Scientists have classified people's personality characteristics in the past decades, and found that people with low self-esteem are more likely to be negatively affected by stress, while those with high self-esteem can better resist stress.
For example, the type A personality theory put forward by cardiologists Friedman and rosenman just found that heart patients only sat on the edge of the stool.
Following this clue, they followed these patients for 8 years. Finally, it is found that type A personality is the representative of impatience, and these people are anxious about any event outside the implementation plan.
Eating, walking and working are all in a hurry, and they always feel the anxiety caused by time constraints, but most Type A people can't perform multiple tasks at the same time, such as processing emails while eating and talking on the phone while walking.
In addition, such people speak fast, have weak listening ability, have no patience to listen to others, only care about what they want to pay attention to, have a strong desire for control, are self-centered, have a strong desire to dominate others, and hope to regard all factors in the external environment as competition.
Generally speaking, the fundamental problem behind this personality characteristic is inferiority, and the embodiment of self-worth depends on how to perceive yourself and how others evaluate yourself.
Some scholars, such as Corbasa, have found that there are also some personality traits that act as stress buffers. This kind of person has stronger stress tolerance and is called tough personality, which has three characteristics.
Commitment, individuals have a sense of belonging, and their contributions to family, work and society are given positive value. For example, insisting on completing a task in order to achieve a family goal is a direct reaction of people's willpower.
Control will change the dissatisfaction with the status quo through its own actions, deal with problems, and will not let itself indulge in a painful cycle.
Challenges, when faced with problems and difficulties, do not regard them as threats, but as opportunities to challenge and enrich your life experience. You will feel the excitement and pleasure of adventure in the process of challenges.
Cobasa's research believes that people with these characteristics can cushion the negative impact of stress on themselves.
More importantly, for healthy individuals, these three personality traits can be improved through systematic behavior intervention training, and are not completely determined by genes.
In other words, you can improve your stress tolerance by training your personality characteristics.