Types of psychological problems, in real life, everyone's psychology is actually very complicated. For individual psychological problems, there is actually a certain division in medicine. Let's share the types of psychological problems with you.
Types of psychological problems 1 According to the definition of mental health, individual psychological problems can be divided into three types according to different degrees: developmental psychological problems, adaptive psychological problems and barrier psychological problems.
The so-called developmental psychological problems mainly mean that individuals cannot establish correct self-cognition, especially their self-ability and self-quality, and their psychological quality and potential have not been effectively and comprehensively developed. It belongs to the research fields of management psychology, educational psychology, learning psychology and educational psychology, especially modern positive psychology.
The main causes of psychological problems:
1. Struggle is motivated and interested, and the demand for meaningful progress is rewarded (normal);
2. Struggle with motivation and interest, progress and reward for meaningless needs (numbness and decadence);
3. Break away from struggle (mediocrity);
4. There is no explicit demand, no motivation and interest to struggle (depression);
5. Struggle with dominant demand, no progress and no return (neuroticism: including general neuroticism, obsessive-compulsive neuroticism and anxious neuroticism);
6. Escape from the struggle (hysteria);
7, unable to fight normally (mental illness).
Psychological problem type 2 1, general psychological problem
This kind of psychological problem has the following four characteristics:
A, due to practical problems, work pressure, mistakes and other factors, inner contradictions arise and negative emotions are experienced, such as boredom, self-blame and regret.
B, the bad mood continues uninterrupted 1 2 months still can't resolve itself, inner pain, and the whole person is in a bad state.
C, can basically maintain normal work, study and interpersonal communication, but the efficiency is not high.
D, bad mood is limited to stimulate their own original events. For example, you are criticized by the leader for your work mistakes (sending the wrong documents), which in turn leads to negative emotions. But just focusing on the thing that caused you to make a mistake will make you feel uncomfortable (sending the wrong document) and will not affect your mood to do other work.
Generally speaking, general psychological problems are more common in life. Many times, as long as everyone can adjust their mentality and emotions, the problem is not serious and it is very likely that they can recover on their own. But for those who are stubborn and easy to walk into a dead end, the situation may be different.
2. Serious psychological problems
This kind of psychological problem has the following four characteristics:
A, psychological problems are caused by relatively strong realistic stimuli that threaten individuals, such as the death of a close relative, middle-aged unemployment, and repeated failure to find a job without income.
B, from the beginning of the painful mood, the mood continued intermittently or uninterruptedly for more than 2 months and less than half a year.
C, the greater the stimulus intensity, the stronger the reaction. In most cases, it will temporarily lose rational control; In the following duration, the pain will gradually ease, but it is difficult to restore mental health on your own. At the same time, it has a bad influence on life, work, study and interpersonal relationship.
D, painful emotions are not limited to the initial stimulus, and stimuli similar and related to the initial stimulus can also cause pain. For example, the child of the client died unfortunately. From then on, whenever TA sees a child in the street, she will burst into tears and be excited. Not only that, even if you see disasters in some places, you will shout loudly and shout out the names of dead children. Under such circumstances, it can be said that the bad mood of the parties has been generalized, which is also the biggest feature of serious psychological problems.
Generally speaking, if you have serious psychological problems, you should definitely pay attention to them. Because under normal circumstances, the parties are extremely painful, lasting for a long time and having a great impact on life. The most important thing is that it is difficult for the parties to resolve their own feelings. It is suggested that friends with similar problems must seek professional help, and never let it go, which may have tragic consequences.
3. Neurotic psychological problems
The biggest feature of this kind of psychological problems is that the inner conflicts of the parties are deformed. What do you mean by "abnormal inner impulse"? For example, some people always think that there is something wrong with their health, and they may be seriously ill, so they seek medical advice everywhere. However, it has been confirmed by many hospitals that he is in good health and has no disease. But the parties just don't believe it, thinking that the doctor is lying to himself, or that the doctor's level is limited and there is no problem.
Therefore, I still seek medical treatment everywhere, and live in fear every day, feeling that a serious illness will crush my body at any time. This kind of words and deeds is called abnormal inner conflict, because the problems of worry and pain of the parties do not exist at all, but the parties themselves cannot adjust their mentality to face the facts.
Compared with general psychological problems and serious psychological problems, although these two kinds of psychological problems can also cause inner conflicts and pains, the things that the parties are worried about or painful are real, so their inner conflicts are normal (normal), while the inner conflicts of neurosis are deformed, in other words, abnormal.
Some people may think that there are more than three kinds of mental health, and some nouns can be said casually, such as schizophrenia and split personality. What needs everyone's attention here is that psychological counselors and psychiatrists cannot be equated because their duties are different. Generally speaking, general psychological problems, serious psychological problems and neurosis can be cured by the help of psychological counselors. But if the client has auditory hallucinations, hallucinations, schizophrenia or split personality.
You need to be transferred to the psychiatric department for further treatment, and you often need psychotropic drugs to assist you. Psychological counselors do not have the right to prescribe drugs, that is, psychological counselors will not prescribe drugs to counselors, but more will guide clients to untie their hearts and regain their mental health through the knowledge related to psychological counseling.
Types of psychological problems. Mental illness. adjustment-disorders
Adaptation disorder is an inadaptable response to obvious situation changes or stressful life events, such as changing environment, changing jobs, moving, retirement, etc., which can cause adaptation disorder, and it can happen to people of any age.
You can see anxiety or depression, and you can also show palpitations or other physical discomfort. Emotional disorders are common in adults, conduct disorders are common in adolescents, and children show degeneration, such as bed wetting. Patients with maladjustment should receive psychotherapy, including emotional counseling, behavioral guidance and psychological support. For people with abnormal mood or outstanding physical symptoms, it is more beneficial to give some small doses of drugs at the same time.
Mental illness II. nervous breakdown
There are many symptoms of neurasthenia, involving almost all organs and systems of the human body. The main manifestation is that the spirit is particularly easy to get excited or tired: when patients are excited, they often can't control their memories and associations, feel sensitive, and are often afraid of light and sound. , even a little stimulation is unbearable; However, most patients will soon feel that their brains are not enough, dizzy, their memory will decline, and even they will be exhausted.
Secondly, patients always feel nervous and irritable, and have mild anxiety, depression or hypochondriasis. In addition, patients often have muscle tension pain and autonomic nervous dysfunction, such as headache or inconspicuous muscle pain when they are slightly nervous, accompanied by palpitation and sweating. There are all kinds of sleep disorders.
Mental illness III. Anxiety disorder
Anxiety disorder is a common psychological disorder, and the incidence rate of women is higher than that of men. Patients are full of excessive, long-term and vague anxiety and worry, but there is no clear reason for these worries and anxieties.
The specific manifestations are restlessness, insecurity, nervousness, distraction, inability to concentrate, fatigue, and loss of interest in external things. Serious people have fear, often accompanied by sleep disorders and autonomic nervous instability, such as pallor or flushing, chest tightness, heartbeat, sweating and so on. Due to excessive tension or worry, normal study, work and life are affected.
Mental illness IV. depressed
Many people are no strangers to depression. Depression, anxiety, loss of interest, pessimism and disappointment, low self-evaluation and slow thinking are all common symptoms of depression, and sometimes it is difficult to distinguish them from general bad emotions.
Here is a simple way to introduce you: if the above discomfort is more serious in the morning and partially relieved in the afternoon or evening, then you are more likely to suffer from depression. This is the rhythm change that depression is heavy during the day and light at night. In addition, many patients have physical discomfort and sleep disorders, such as shortness of breath, chest tightness, difficulty falling asleep, easy to wake up and so on. Patients with severe depression may even have hallucinations and suicidal thoughts.
Psychosis versus phobia
There are three main types of phobias: place phobia, social phobia and simple phobia (fear of specific things). They all have the following characteristics: patients have abnormal fear and tension about something or situation, accompanied by obvious autonomic nervous disorder symptoms, such as shortness of breath, sweating, palpitation and even syncope; Knowing that this fear is overreacting or unreasonable and difficult to control; Try to avoid the object of fear and affect their normal life and social activities.
Mental illness. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Psychoanalyst Freud said that the essence of obsessive-compulsive disorder is "a person is struggling with himself". Conscious self-compulsion and self-counter-compulsion coexist, and the sharp conflict between them makes patients feel extremely anxious. Patients know this is abnormal, but they can't control it. Clinically, it is often manifested as compulsive concept, compulsive intention and compulsive behavior.
For example, I have unnecessary doubts about whether my behavior is correct; Repeated thinking about everyday meaningless things can't be controlled; Rinse repeatedly, check the gas switch, doors and windows repeatedly, and repeatedly move to a "good" number, such as 8 or 18. Because of auspicious requirements.
Mental illness not only has a great impact on patients' normal work, study and life, but also affects their family and friends, and even threatens their lives in severe cases. Therefore, psychotherapy should be carried out in time, and some need to cooperate with drugs at the same time.
Psychological disease treatment
(1) When things go wrong, be open-minded, open-minded and calm, and keep a cheerful, cheerful and stable attitude.
(2) Take an active part in cultural and sports activities, cultivate a variety of hobbies, enrich the interest of life, and use various methods to divert attention from angry people or things to happy things, relax the nervous spirit and stabilize the mood.
(3) Expand social contacts and get to know mentors, so that through the inspiration, suggestions, persuasion and help of friends, we can stabilize our mood and reduce psychological conflicts. This is a positive way to eliminate psychological barriers.
(4) Learn the methods of self-regulation, and try to control your emotions when encountering setbacks and mental stimulation. When anger comes to mind, you should meditate on the warning that "anger is self-punishment, trouble is hard for yourself", or listen to music and take a deep breath. To divert your attention and get emotional buffer.
(5) Correct understanding of diseases, frail and sickly people are prone to anxiety, worry, and even suspected to be terminally ill. This kind of psychology is not only not conducive to treating diseases, but will accelerate the development of diseases. Optimism and strong will are the most precious psychological state for middle-aged and elderly people to fight against diseases.