Second, don't bribe children, let them know the relationship between rights and obligations from an early age, and they can't enjoy their rights without fulfilling their obligations.
3. Don't get too close to children. Children should be encouraged to live, study and play with people of the same age, so as to learn how to get along with others.
Fourth, don't force children to do things they can't do. Most children's self-confidence is successfully cultivated, forcing them to do things they can't do.
5. Don't be too strict with children, demanding too much, or even insulting them. These practices tend to make children form unhealthy psychology such as inferiority, timidity and escape, or lead to abnormal behaviors such as resistance, cruelty, lying and running away from home.
6. Don't cheat and frighten children unnecessarily. Scaring children will lose the authority of parents in their children's minds, and children will not listen to all warnings in the future.
7. Don't criticize or laugh at children in public in front of friends, which will make children feel disgusted and shy and greatly damage their self-esteem.
Eight, don't praise children too much. Children have achievements in doing things, just give them a little praise. Excessive praise will make children infected with the bad psychology of fishing for fame. In addition, praise must be targeted at specific things, let children know their own advantages, and feel that your praise is sincere, not empty and deceptive.
Nine, don't be moody to children. When parents treat their children, if their emotions are always unstable and moody, the children will be at a loss, become sensitive and suspicious, emotionally unstable and timid.
10. Don't turn a blind eye to children's difficulties, but help them analyze their current difficulties and teach them how to analyze and solve problems. Help children solve difficulties, not replace them.
How to cultivate children's healthy psychology? Parents must pay attention to training their children with normal psychological principles in their daily life. I hope the above introduction will be helpful to everyone.
Knowledge of Mental Health Education for Kindergarten Children Part II (1) Motivation
Motivation is the inducement to meet personal needs and promote their activities. Need is a certain requirement and desire of personality for survival and development. Children constantly need and meet their needs in activities, but sometimes they are frustrated. Therefore, children should have certain psychological endurance and simple skills to deal with motivation conflicts, so as to coordinate the contrast between motivation needs and reality and maintain a balanced mentality.
(2) Self-awareness
Although children's self-awareness is immature and unstable, it has a great influence on their personality development and behavioral adaptation. Children usually know themselves, evaluate themselves and adjust their behaviors and emotions through the evaluation and attitude of adults, comparison with peers and success or failure in games and communication. Children with weak self-awareness lack foresight and skills to deal with setbacks and conflicts, and often have emotional and behavioral obstacles such as willfulness, aggressive behavior and withdrawal behavior. Therefore, we should strengthen the cultivation of self-awareness and protect children's mental health.
(3) Emotion
Anxiety and fear have a negative impact on children's mental health. Anxiety makes children doubt their abilities, exaggerate their failures, and are often in a state of tension and anxiety. Fear will cause drastic physical and psychological changes in children, and excessive anxiety will seriously damage children's mental health.
(4) temperament
The influence of temperament on children's behavior, emotion and personality development.
Children's temperament characteristics in interest and persistence are closely related to their academic and cognitive development. This connection has been reflected in two or three months, and infants with good persistence can establish operant conditioning faster. The persistence level of children in the first year of life is obviously related to their IQ scores in early childhood. After entering school, children's high persistence level continues to be related to their high IQ and academic performance, while temperament characteristics such as distracted attention, poor adaptability and passive avoidance of new environment are often related to low academic performance. Children's temperament characteristics in emotion and communication are related to their speech development. Temperament has an important influence on children's social behavior, and children's temperament indirectly affects children's psychological development through its influence on people around them.
Knowledge of mental health education for kindergarten children Part III (1) Ways of mental health education
Children's mental health education can be carried out through education and behavioral guidance for children in daily life, can also be influenced by educational activities in health, society, sports, language, common sense, computing, music and art, and can also be formed through home-school cooperation.
1. Specialized mental health education activities. Specialized mental health education activities are purposeful, planned and organized educational activities carefully designed according to the objectives and contents of children's mental health education.
2. Psychological counseling and behavioral guidance. Through effective conversation, psychological counselors provide children with the knowledge they need, enhance their self-awareness, give full play to their potential, help them overcome difficulties and pursue self-realization, so as to achieve the goal of healthy physical and mental development. Psychological consultation is the main way to carry out mental health education in kindergartens. Good psychological counseling effect depends on teachers and doctors who are knowledgeable, earnest and friendly, scientific and skilled in counseling technology, and can follow the professional ethics and rules of psychological counseling. Behavior guidance in a narrow sense refers to behavior correction. In the aspect of children's behavior guidance, it is mainly used to correct stuttering, rage attack, lying, stealing, fear and other behavioral abnormalities. Generalized behavior guidance also includes the cultivation of moral sentiments, the role of role models, the establishment and training of standardized behaviors, etc. Behavior guidance is one of the important ways of children's mental health education. Behavior guidance can be divided into individual guidance and collective guidance. Individual guidance is suitable for helping children solve special personal problems, and collective guidance refers to carefully formulating guidance plans and carefully arranging guidance contents.
3. Home-school synchronous education. Family is the place where children live, such as primary social interaction. The consistency of education requires that kindergarten education and family education must be coordinated and synchronized in order to get the expected educational effect. An important way for families and hospitals to implement children's mental health and social adaptation education simultaneously.
(B) the main methods of children's mental health education
1. Games are an important form of children's mental health education. Game is a special form of practical activities, which plays a positive role in promoting children's cognitive, emotional, emotional and social development. For young children, learning through games is more acceptable than preaching. Games are an important way for children to learn to socialize. The realistic partnership and role relationship established by children in the game create favorable conditions for interpersonal communication between children, overcome self-centeredness and consciously restrain themselves according to social behavior norms.
2. Show me. In mental health education, set an example for children and let them imitate, from unintentional to intentional.
From spontaneity to self-consciousness, it is an effective way to learn from the behavior and habits of role models, which can be a good behavior of children of the same age. In the process of forming children's healthy psychology and behavior, the decisive role model is the behavior of parents and teachers.
3. Situation demonstration. Situational demonstration is an educational way to make children think and behave in different social situations through performance. It can help children understand the problems and conflicts that may be encountered in society and deal with them in a way that conforms to social behavior norms. The topic of situational demonstration depends on and is close to children's real life. The method of scene demonstration is lively and interesting, which can attract children's attention and interest. Through children's performances and demonstrations, children can be helped to explore and understand the methods and skills to solve problems and conflicts, improve their ability to make decisions and distinguish right from wrong, and enhance their social adaptability.
4. Behavior practice. Behavior practice refers to letting children practice the skills and behaviors they have learned repeatedly, so as to deepen their understanding and mastery, thus forming stable behavior habits.
5. Discussion and comments. The topic to be discussed should be the mental health problems that are most closely related to children's current life. Children are allowed to express different views and arguments, and their true feelings and emotions are also allowed to express, and children are encouraged to comment on other people's thoughts and emotions.
Knowledge of Mental Health Education for Kindergarten Children Part IV Activity Content: Our Body
Knowing oneself is the psychological basis for middle school students to study and live independently in the collective. From knowing your body to knowing your ability, the activity has established the concept of "I have grown up" for children, established the confidence of "I can do it" and generated the expectation that I will grow up. Activities allow children to find "physical growth" in operation and "big skills" in communication with scenes, so that children can gain intuitive understanding in perceptual activities, which is in line with the age characteristics of middle-class children.
What's the use of moving an ear?
Goal: 1, you can know more uses of ears.
2. Be able to do something according to some essays and experience the fun of the game.
Process:
First, guess riddles and talk.
1. Today, the teacher guessed a riddle for everyone. Say riddles. This riddle is on us. Guess what this is?
2. It turned out to be our ears, so today our friends with small ears will learn skills with us.
Second, appreciate prose.
1, a friend with small ears brought us an essay. He wants you to know how great his skills are. Come and listen!
2. After enjoying the prose, please tell the children about the use of the small ears mentioned in the prose.
3. Besides what mentioned in the prose, what other uses do you think small ears have? What would happen if there were no ears? Can the ear get sick?
Third, do it and have fun.
1, our ears really want to show their skills to the children, so the teacher has prepared a lot of things for the little ears to perform.
2. Invite some children to perform and bring glasses and headphones to listen to music.
(children's performance: children's performance is not very good today. Most people have never heard of the use of ears mentioned in prose. Cause analysis: It may be because of the limitations of prose, so I didn't give full play to children's imagination, or maybe I was too demanding of children. Suggestions and measures: Today's activities made me realize that children like some physical objects and like to play with glasses on their ears, but there are too few physical objects for all children to experience the fun, so if possible, we should prepare more teaching AIDS. )
Activity 2 Little Hand Song
Goal:
1, guide children to create actions according to the lyrics.
2. Boldly perform small hand songs and be willing to perform with peers.
Process:
First, dialogue import
Do you know what your little hands can do?
Second, be familiar with the content of the song
1. Today, the teacher's two little hands learned a new skill. It's asking your little hand, "Do you want to learn this skill?"
2. Listen to what's in this song? The teacher read the first two paragraphs of the song in the form of nursery rhymes and performed them with both hands.
Please read children's songs with the teacher.
Third, learn to sing,
1, my two little hands say this nursery rhyme is very nice, and it would be better if I sang it to everyone. Then let's listen to the song, shall we?
Please ask the children who have learned skills to sing with me.
3. Perform songs with small hands.
Fourth, create songs.
1. What can small hands do besides umbrellas and raindrops? (Guiding children can also be the sun, butterflies, etc. )
2. Sing the lyrics created by children.
(children's performance: they can match their movements with music. Cause analysis: I found the tape of this song today. Hearing cheerful music, children can follow the rhythm of the music and wait until they are familiar with the content of the song and cooperate with the action. When my children and I sang this song on the organ, the children stayed in action instead of paying attention to the song they sang. Maybe this is their age characteristics! )
Preschool children's mental health education knowledge 5 i. Preschool children's mental health knowledge
1, the mood is basically happy and stable. Don't get angry often, don't break toys and other things for no reason; Normal daily life, able to sleep on time, stable sleep, less nightmares, no habit of sucking fingers or biting to sleep; Basically, I can listen to the reasonable instructions of adults, I am not picky about food, and I don't often make trouble without reason.
2. Strong thirst for knowledge. Like to ask questions and actively seek answers; When studying or completing any task within one's power, he is focused and has a normal memory; Love to talk, language expression ability is consistent with age, no stuttering; In life, I am willing to do what I can, but I don't rely too much on the help of others, and I can seriously accomplish what others entrust me with.
3, can be gregarious. Love to associate with small companions, have compassion and friendly behavior towards people, don't casually hit people and swear, and don't envy companions; Can live a happy life in the group, under the guidance of adults, willing to do good things for the group.
4. Be honest and don't lie. Rarely say unrealistic words; Don't take other people's things or damage other people's things without permission; Don't hide your mistakes, but admit them.
5. Have self-esteem and some self-confidence. I enjoy praise, I am ashamed of criticism and accusation, and I want to do something popular instead of being scolded; Not too afraid of difficulties, timidity, etc.
Second, ten points for attention in children's mental health
First, be careful not to care too much about children. It is easy for children to be too self-centered and think that everyone should respect him, and as a result, they become arrogant people.
Second, don't bribe children. Let children know the relationship between rights and obligations from an early age, and they cannot enjoy rights without fulfilling their obligations.
Third, don't get too close to children. Children should be encouraged to live, study and play with people of the same age, so as to learn how to get along with others.
Fourth, don't force children to do incompetent things. Most of children's self-confidence comes from the success of doing things. Forcing them to do things they can't do will only hurt their self-confidence.
5. Don't be too strict with children, demanding too much, or even insulting them. This will make children feel inferior, timid, escape and other unhealthy psychology, or lead to abnormal behaviors such as resistance, cruelty, lying and running away from home.
6. Don't cheat and frighten children unnecessarily. Scaring children will lose the authority of parents in their children's minds, and children will not listen to all warnings in the future.
Seven, don't criticize or laugh at children in front of friends. This will cause children to hold grudges and be shy, which will greatly damage their self-esteem.
Eight, don't praise children too much. Children get achievements in doing things, but only a little praise. Excessive praise will make children infected with the bad psychology of fishing for fame and reputation.
Nine, don't be moody to children. This will make children sensitive, suspicious, emotionally unstable and timid.
10. Help the child analyze his environment. Help children solve difficulties, not replace them. Children should be taught to analyze and solve problems.
Of course, in order to cultivate children's mental health, we should not only give them a good education, but every parent should set a good example for them.
Third, the causes of children's psychological problems
1, adverse effects of family environment
Family is the foundation and main place for children's development. Parents' educational methods and the harmony between family members are important factors affecting children's mental health development. In modern families, "expecting children to succeed" and "expecting daughters to succeed" are the expectations of many parents. This expectation leads many parents to have the following two attitudes when educating their children: the first attitude is to ask too much of their children, the education method is harsh, and sometimes they reprimand, beat and scold them face to face regardless of the occasion, demanding absolute obedience. This will hurt the child's self-esteem, and the psychological pressure will be too great, which will eventually lead to depression, retreat and rebellion. The second attitude is to spoil and obey children, which easily leads to children's selfish, willful, arrogant, lazy, dependent and other bad psychology. These two completely different educational methods are harmful to children's normal psychological development. In addition, family breakdown will also cause psychological trauma and loss to children. According to the research, due to the lack of paternal love or maternal love, children from divorced families will have negative emotions, dislike learning and be hostile to their classmates. Therefore, family breakdown will cause children's strong psychological imbalance.
2. The unhealthy trend of children's own weaknesses.
Human psychology is a multi-level and multi-faceted unity composed of various psychological components. In the period of gradually strengthening self-awareness, children's independence and dependence coexist, and consciousness and naivety coexist. On the one hand, they found a new self and demanded independence; On the other hand, it is naive and lacks the necessary analysis and judgment ability. They are young, have little experience and knowledge, are not good at controlling their emotions with reason, and their feelings are unstable. Therefore, children in this period can't stand the temptation of the outside world, and under the influence of negative environmental factors, it is easy to form narrow consciousness and bad mentality. Therefore, children's own personality weakness is the main factor of their psychological problems.
3. The bad influence of school education mistakes.
For a long time, China's school education has been influenced by the one-sided pursuit of the enrollment rate, which has led many schools to only attach importance to students' intellectual education, and even evaluate students' merits by scores, while ignoring students' psychological education. In fact, in modern society, it is more important for students to have perfect personality and individuality than wisdom and ability. Because social employment has not only assessed professional skills, but also needs talents with better psychological quality. It can be seen that the traditional exam-oriented education model has a negative impact on children's mental health development. Moreover, the school also has the problem of incorrect teacher education methods. Some teachers sarcastically and satirize students, and what's more, they beat and scold students, treat them equally, show special respect to students with high test scores or students with rich parents and high status, and treat students with poor academic performance or students from poor families as an alternative, which also seriously affects the formation of children's normal mentality. In addition, some schools pay lip service to quality education and shout slogans, but there is no practical action to implement quality education.
4. The negative influence of social negative factors.
The influence factors of society on children are very extensive and complex. Bad public opinion orientation and unscrupulous egoism often make children feel at a loss in front of the complicated external world, which is very harmful to the healthy development of children's personality. The positive aspects of social atmosphere, such as new fashion, can promote children's good character and personality, but some bad social atmosphere can also corrode children's hearts. Some children imitate some adults, pay attention to eating, drinking and lying.
Fourthly, the countermeasures of children's psychological education.
1, change the concept of education.
Changing the educational concept formed over the years and making students develop morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically and laboriously in an all-round way should be regarded as a tangible action of education. For a long time, both school teachers and students' parents think that the only way out for students is to go to college, which leads to our country paying attention to test scores from primary education, regardless of the perfect growth of personality and personality. In order to get high marks in the exam, parents don't care about their children's health, don't let them have a moment's leisure, and endlessly make up various cultural classes, so that their children are indifferent and selfish and pursue exam rankings. Once they failed in the exam, they cried and couldn't stand the test of failure. Therefore, modern education must seriously implement quality education, cultivate students' all-round development, cultivate children's positive and optimistic life experience and attitude, and let them know that whatever they do in the future will be useful to society.
2, for all people, the correct guidance.
Adhering to correct guidance is required by children's psychological characteristics. First of all, in view of the common psychological problems of children, according to the actual situation of students and the urgent or potential psychological problems of children, give correct guidance, cultivate and improve the psychological quality of children's sexual health, and prevent the occurrence of behavioral deviation and psychological obstacles. Secondly, we should give correct guidance for the unique psychological deviation of children of different ages, different types and different environments. For example, cultivate the self-esteem and self-motivation of underachievers, cultivate the psychological endurance of top students and the sense of self-reliance of students with superior family conditions, and cultivate the self-confidence of students with poor family conditions, thus shaping the healthy personality quality of all kinds of children. The whole-oriented approach mentioned here is the combination of sexual mental health education and individual psychological guidance, so that every child can develop healthily.
3. Optimize the campus psychological environment and strengthen psychological counseling.
With the development and changes of physiology and psychology, children will become more and more confused, so they hope to get advice, either from teachers, classmates, parents or through various newspapers and books. But in a sense, children's psychological quality is internalized by collective psychology. Therefore, schools should attach importance to the construction of campus psychological environment, and carry out various meaningful activities in schools, so that every child can communicate freely and healthily, thus establishing harmonious interpersonal relationships, exerting and perfecting children's autonomy and creativity, and cultivating children's self-management ability. The school and all aspects of society are very concerned about their psychological doubts. Through psychological counseling, teach them the method of self-adjustment, guide them to look at reality correctly, handle the relationship between teachers and students, classmates, fathers (mothers) and sons (daughters), cultivate the spirit of optimism and enterprising, and establish a correct outlook on life and world.
4. Create a relaxed and free family atmosphere.
Family is the first stop for children to grow up. Facts have proved that a democratic and harmonious family atmosphere can promote the formation of children's sound personality; The noisy family atmosphere or the family where parents go their separate ways put too much pressure on the children, which leads to the distortion of their personality. Therefore, as parents, we should think of our children, create a relaxed and happy family atmosphere for them, and let them develop physically and mentally under the influence of a loving family atmosphere.