(2) anxiety. Anxiety is an unexplained fear. When you can't achieve your goals and overcome obstacles, you will be nervous, uneasy and worried. Accompanied by physical discomfort, such as sweating, dry mouth, palpitation, blocked throat, insomnia and so on.
(3) Depression. Mainly manifested in persistent depression, pessimism, decreased psychological function, reduced self-evaluation, self-blame, how unfortunate, depressed, helpless and hopeless the inner experience is, and I always feel that living is meaningless.
(4) Terrorism obstacles. In fact, there is no great threat to people, resulting in forced avoidance of will and psychological reactions such as tension, anxiety and dizziness. Such as acrophobia, sharp weapon phobia, animal phobia, agoraphobia and social phobia, among which social phobia is more common.
(5) obsessive-compulsive disorder. Think over and over again, hesitate, think over and over again what you know you don't have to think about, and do what you shouldn't do, so you feel nervous and miserable. Common obsessive-compulsive symptoms are: ① obsessive-compulsive ideas, such as forced memories and forced doubts; ② Compulsive intention or compulsion, etc. (3) Forced action, such as repeatedly checking the door lock. Almost everyone has had symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, but as long as it does not become their mental burden and interfere with their normal work and life, it should not be regarded as obsessive-compulsive disorder.
(6) hypochondriacs. The main manifestations are paying too much attention to one's health, being convinced that one has some kind of disease, frequently complaining about physical discomfort, stubbornly suspecting and worrying about one's disease, which is still unacceptable after laboratory examination and repeated explanations by doctors, and even affects one's social function. This psychological tendency to worry too much about one's health is the manifestation of hypochondriasis.
Question 2: What are the common psychological problems of patients? (1) anxiety
Anxiety is a complex emotional response when expecting bad consequences, and its main characteristics are fear and worry. Anxiety master
It should be manifested as hyperfunction of sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms of acute anxiety include irritability, nervousness, tremor and heart disease.
Palpitation, sweating, dyspnea, anorexia, nausea, abdominal discomfort, etc. The symptoms are cold and wet skin, pallor, dilated pupils and tachycardia.
Shortness, shortness of breath, deep breathing, hypertension, etc. Further development may also enhance the activity of parasympathetic nervous system.
Excessive gastrointestinal activity, diarrhea.
The psychological state of anxiety reaction is very complicated, which generally leads to the enhancement of psychological activities and anxiety and loss.
Sleep, accompanied by headache. In terms of language changes, some people become faster and faster without interruption; Someone's voice has risen; Someone has become
Hesitant and stuttering because it is difficult to use the right words; It is difficult to answer simple questions without concentration. They are interested in medical staff.
Members, some frankly admit fear; Others strongly deny the existence of anxiety. They don't ask any questions and avoid talking about themselves.
The situation; Some people pretend to hide their anxiety; Some people respond to the threat they feel with hostility and attack.
Threats; Others put forward unreasonable special care; Wait a minute. Medical staff should have enough compassion and patience to be effective.
Guiding and giving patients the opportunity to cry and talk will help to relieve the accumulated tension and anxiety, which is what medical staff need to do.
Careful observation and analysis. Generally speaking, patients' anxiety can be divided into three categories:
1. Expectation anxiety refers to the anxious reaction when facing an upcoming but uncertain major event. Common in business
Patients who are not clearly diagnosed or hospitalized for the first time, patients who do not know the nature and prognosis of their own diseases, and so on.
2. The patient with anxiety disorder was hospitalized and had to be separated from his familiar or beloved environment and people, including his spouse.
Children, relatives, colleagues, families, units, etc. Once these original pillars of psychological life and environment are separated, they will come into being.
A sense of separation accompanied by emotional reactions. Especially children and the elderly who are highly dependent are prone to some psychological problems.
3.* * * Sexual anxiety This is a psychological reaction caused by the destruction or threat of self-integrity, and it is also a kind of separation anxiety. From the psychological development of self, physical integrity is an important part of self-integrity. This reaction is most likely to occur in patients who have to undergo surgery to remove an organ or limb, and their anxiety is very strong. However, some people think that even blood drawing, drainage, chest X-ray and other treatments and examinations are the destruction of physical integrity.
(2) Degeneration
Degenerate or naive, that is, their behavior is not commensurate with their age and social role, returning to the pattern of infancy.
1. Egocentricity strengthens all egocentricity, depending on whether everything and interpersonal relationships are conducive to self-existence.
He used to consider and take care of the needs of others, but now he is mainly for himself, which is often accused of selfishness. follow
It is possible to care about the patients and things around you when the condition improves, and self-centered relief is a kind of information for improvement.
2. dependence is strengthened. Patients' self-care ability is lost and reduced, and they need to rely on medical help and family care.
This is a normal phenomenon. Lack of dependence is likely to cause new trauma or adverse consequences; Excessive dependence is not conducive to the establishment of patients to overcome the disease.
Sick confidence. The strengthening of dependence is often accompanied by abnormal self-feeling, sometimes this way, sometimes that way, at a loss. special
It is easy to accept suggestions and self-hints, and it is easy to accept instructions from medical staff, but it may also produce inner contradictions.
Mood swings.
3. Narrow interests focus on one's own body, but show indifference to the things that interested in the past. Not only interested in pre-illness,
When interesting things lose interest, the areas of interest will shrink. Measures should be taken to attract patients' extensive interest in things.
Interest, turn his attention to himself, this is a good adjustment.
Degradation is not entirely a harmful reaction. Through degeneration, patients can redistribute their energy to promote healing and rehabilitation. Moderate degeneration is a process of reintegration, which is beneficial to healing and rehabilitation. It is worth noting that medical personnel should be based on
When his condition improves, he will be attracted to do what he can, and gradually transform the role of the patient into the original social role.
Preparation conditions.
(3) Abnormal subjective feelings
Associated with egocentrism, there will be abnormal subjective feelings, which means that people's subjective feelings and experiences after illness are normal.
There is a difference. In addition to physical reaction, it is mainly because of the patient's condition ... >>
Question 3: What are the common psychological problems of college students?
1, environmental adaptation. It is more common among freshmen.
2. Learning problems. The common learning problems of college students are mainly manifested as: learning purpose, learning motivation, learning methods, learning attitude, poor academic performance and so on. During college, most people often don't pay as much attention to study as they did in high school. The main aspects of learning problems are unclear purpose, insufficient motivation and bad attitude.
3. interpersonal problems. How to get along well with the classmates around and establish harmonious interpersonal relationships is an important topic for college students. Compared with high school, college students pay more attention to interpersonal problems than to study, which has become one of the main sources of psychological problems for college students. Interpersonal problems are often manifested as difficulties in getting along with others, lack of intimate friends, lack of necessary communication skills, excessive compromise, and the resulting painful feelings of loneliness, depression, lack of support and care.
4. Love and sexual psychological problems. College students are in the middle and late adolescence, and sexual maturity is an important feature. Love and sexual problems are inevitable. Generally, it includes: unrequited love, frustration in love, the relationship between love and school, revenge for emotional breakdown, etc. The common sexual psychological problems include: obsession, and fear, anxiety and worry caused by premarital sex and campus cohabitation.
5. Personality and emotional problems. Personality disorder is a serious psychological disorder among college students, and its formation is related to growth experience. The reasons are complex, mainly manifested in inferiority, cowardice, dependence, nervousness, extreme, hostility, loneliness, depression and so on.
6. Job hunting and career selection are common problems among senior students. After entering the society, they often feel a lot of confusion and worry. How to choose your career, how to plan your career, what skills you need to apply for a job, and so on. Will bring more or less troubles and worries.
7. neurosis. Long-term sleep difficulties, anxiety, depression, compulsion, hypochondriasis and phobia are all clinical symptoms of neurosis.
Question 4: What are the common psychological problems? First, adaptation obstacles. Psychological and behavioral disorders caused by environmental reasons are manifested in the inability to adapt to work, life and study, to exert their own abilities normally, and to conduct interpersonal communication normally.
Second, anxiety. Anxiety is an unexplained fear. When you can't achieve your goals and overcome obstacles, you will be nervous, uneasy and worried. Accompanied by physical discomfort, such as sweating, dry mouth, palpitation, blocked throat, insomnia and so on.
Third, depression. Mainly manifested in persistent depression, pessimism, decreased psychological function, reduced self-evaluation, self-blame, how unfortunate, depressed, helpless and hopeless the inner experience is, and I always feel that living is meaningless.
Fourth, the terror barrier. In fact, there is no great threat to people, resulting in forced avoidance of will and psychological reactions such as tension, anxiety and dizziness. Such as acrophobia, sharp weapon phobia, animal phobia, agoraphobia and social phobia, among which social phobia is more common.
Fifth, obsessive-compulsive disorder. Think over and over again, hesitate, think over and over again what you know you don't have to think about, and do what you shouldn't do, so you feel nervous and miserable. Common obsessive-compulsive symptoms are: 1, obsessive-compulsive ideas, such as compulsive memory, compulsive doubt, etc. 2. Forced intention or impulse, etc. 3, forced action, such as repeatedly checking the door lock. Almost everyone has had symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, but as long as it does not become their mental burden and interfere with their normal work and life, it should not be regarded as obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Sixth, hypochondriasis. The main manifestations are paying too much attention to one's health, being convinced that one has some kind of disease, frequently complaining about physical discomfort, stubbornly suspecting and worrying about one's disease, which is still unacceptable after laboratory examination and repeated explanations by doctors, and even affects one's social function. This psychological tendency to worry too much about one's health is the manifestation of hypochondriasis.
Question 5: What are the psychological problems? Just psychological problems, including
There are many kinds of mental diseases, and people of different ages, groups and living environments will also have different common mental diseases. Because the types of mental illness are complex and diverse, I won't list them here. The following are some common mental diseases of different ages. Common psychological diseases of children: trichotillomania, ADHD, habitual diaper rash, fecal pants (infantile enuresis), nocturia, autism, mental retardation, stuttering, speech skills development disorder, learning skills development disorder, children's TIC disorder, children's withdrawal behavior, Asperger's syndrome, Heller's syndrome (infantile dementia), Reiter's syndrome, conduct disorder, children's selective silence, etc. And some children's gender deviation (including children's transvestite), children's schizophrenia, children's phobia, children's emotional disorders (such as anxiety and depression) and so on. Common psychological diseases of teenagers: exam syndrome, rebellious anxiety caused by strict control, phobia, avoidance of study, hysteria, obsessive-compulsive disorder, teacher-student love, love frustration syndrome, common psychological obstacles of college students, network syndrome, etc. Common psychological problems of adults: work adaptation to diseases: excessive achievement pressure, improper material and money relationship (such as emptiness and meanness after getting rich). ). Occupational mental illness: teachers' mental disorder, mental disorder caused by monotonous work, noise and mental illness, night shift and psychological problems, and neuropsychological effects of high temperature work. Sexual psychological diseases: anthomaniac, exhibitionist, voyeurism, voyeurism, transvestite, narcissism, sexual aversion, homosexuality, fetishism, impotence, premature ejaculation, excessive * * * and so on. For middle-aged and elderly people: menopausal psychosis, menopausal syndrome, senile psychosis, senile anxiety, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, senile delirium and retirement syndrome.
Question 6: What are the common types of psychological problems?
I. General psychological problems
Second, psychological barriers.
Third, mental illness.
Fourth, psychosomatic diseases.
Five, mental disorders of brain diseases and physical defects
Question 7: What are the common psychological problems of adults? Anxiety, depression and irritability caused by stress. Such as climacteric depression or anxiety, climacteric syndrome, senile mental illness, senile anxiety, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, senile delirium and retirement syndrome.
Question 8: What are the common psychological problems of teenagers? The specific introduction of the psychological problems of teenagers: 1. The emergence of sexual perplexity and sexual confusion is caused by the contradiction between the physiological needs of teenagers and social behavior norms after the awakening of sexual consciousness. The origin of sexual confusion is that teenagers have a sense of curiosity and exploration about their own sexual development and physiological changes of sexual maturity. Due to the restriction of social ethics and the mystification of sex education, psychological conflicts among teenagers occur from time to time. They often think that sex is not good, it is shameful to have sexual fantasies about the elders of the opposite sex, and * * * is harmful to the health. , leading to negative evaluation of sex and excessive sexual repression. Boys' misunderstanding of * * *, nocturnal emission and sexual dreams, girls' negative cognition and evaluation of menstruation, sexual fantasies and their body images, watching pornographic videos, puppy love and premature sexual behavior are prominent psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence. Changing the attitude towards sex should be an important part of the psychological cultivation of life. It is very important for the healthy development of middle school students' sexual psychology to purify social atmosphere, actively carry out mental health education (including sexual psychology education), organize various colorful activities beneficial to middle school students' mental health, cultivate noble sentiments, change parents' traditional concepts, and conduct healthy sex education for their children at an early stage. When necessary, you should receive professional psychological counseling and don't delay your child. Second, the pressure of interpersonal communication With the growth of age and the enhancement of independent consciousness, teenagers have more and more extensive contact with society and their desire for independence is also growing. The development of social communication and intimate partnership is the spiritual demand of teenagers. Young people who are troubled by interpersonal pressure usually show inferiority, excessive concern for other people's evaluation, fragility, strong vanity and fear of losing face. Third, the pressure of study For many teenagers, the only task is reading. The study burden of middle school students is too heavy, which often brings them heavy psychological pressure. It is not uncommon for teenagers to fall into pain because of the pressure of study. Among them, there are many students with excellent grades in key schools. Their ideological pressure often comes from their dissatisfaction with the current learning situation and inappropriate comparison. They can't accept their present situation and pay too much attention to the results, but they can't realize their interest in learning. The whole society and the whole school are in a comparative atmosphere. It's really not easy for students to really give up comparison and accept themselves. Examination anxiety, weariness of learning, attention and memory problems during learning, etc. It is a common problem that teenagers and parents come to consult. These situations are more concentrated and prominent at the end of the term, during the middle term, during the promotion to middle school, during the college entrance examination, and when there are major changes in the surrounding environment (such as sudden changes in parental relations, etc.). At this time, parents must guide their children's psychological problems, otherwise it will seriously affect their healthy development and growth.
Question 9: What are the common mental illnesses? Mental illness can be roughly divided into the following categories academically:
According to different standards or their severity, it can be divided into sensory disorder, perceptual disorder, attention disorder, memory disorder, thinking disorder, emotional disorder, will disorder, behavior disorder, consciousness disorder, intellectual disorder, personality disorder and so on.
Detailed classification According to the age structure of patients and the main points of counseling and treatment for patients of different ages, psychological diseases are divided into the following categories:
Common psychological diseases of children
Trichotillomania's disease, ADHD, habitual diaper pants, excrement pants (infantile enuresis), nocturia, autism, mental retardation, stuttering, speech skills development disorder, learning skills development disorder, Tourette's syndrome, children's withdrawal behavior, Asperger's syndrome, Heller's syndrome, Reiter's syndrome, conduct disorder, children's selective silence, partial eclipse and biting.
Common psychological diseases of teenagers
Examination syndrome, reverse anxiety caused by strict control, phobia, avoidance of study, hysteria, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, teacher-student love, love frustration syndrome, common psychological obstacles of college students, network syndrome, etc.
Common psychological problems of adults
Work adapts to illness: the pressure of achievement is too great, and the relationship between material and money is improper (such as being empty and stingy after getting rich).
Occupational mental illness: mental disorder of teachers, mental disorder caused by monotonous work, noise and mental illness, night shift and psychological problems, neuropsychological effects of high temperature work.
Sexual psychological diseases: anthomaniac, exhibitionist, voyeurism, voyeurism, transvestite, narcissism, sexual aversion, fetishism, impotence, premature ejaculation, excessive * * * and so on. Middle-aged and elderly people: menopausal psychosis, menopausal syndrome, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, senile delirium and retirement syndrome.
In addition, it can also be divided according to the nature and causes of diseases:
Bad hobbies and hobbies: theft, arson, nervous vomiting, material dependence, cleanliness.
Neurosis: neurasthenia, anxiety, hypochondriac neurosis, hysteria, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, panic neurosis and depressive neurosis.
Physical and psychological diseases
Somatoform disorder: somatization disorder, hypochondriac neurosis, cardiac neurosis, gastrointestinal neurosis, obesity, anorexia nervosa, premenstrual syndrome.
Brain organic mental disorder: mental disorder caused by Alzheimer's disease, acute cerebrovascular disease, multiple infarct dementia, mental disorder caused by subcortical vascular disease, mental disorder caused by mixed cortical and subcortical vascular diseases, mental disorder caused by Huntington's disease, mental disorder caused by Wilson's disease, mental disorder caused by paralytic dementia (mental disorder caused by cerebral syphilis), mental disorder caused by viral encephalitis, mental disorder caused by cerebral cysticercosis and mental disorder caused by craniocerebral injury.
Symptomatic (organic) psychosis: the relationship between physiological diseases and psychology, infectious diseases and psychological diseases, mental disorders caused by drugs, alcoholism, toxic mental disorders, hepatocerebral syndrome, lung-brain syndrome, mental disorders caused by uremia, mental disorders caused by hypoparathyroidism, mental disorders caused by hyperthyroidism, mental disorders caused by nutritional metabolic diseases, mental disorders caused by rheumatic infection, mental disorders caused by typhoid fever and mental disorders caused by systemic lupus erythematosus.
Psychophysiological disorder
Psychogenic psychological (mental) disorder: mental disorder caused by adaptation disorder, reactive psychosis, induced psychosis, qigong (qigong deviation), hypochondriasis (yin contraction), superstition, depression and morbid nostalgia.
morbid personality
Mental illness and mental disorders: schizophrenia, commonly used antipsychotics, mood disorders: mania, depression.
Paranoid psychosis
Iatrogenic psychosis
Periodic psychosis
Mental disorder caused by family factors: widowed syndrome.
Question 10: What are the common psychological problems of primary school students? Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inferiority complex and vanity.