Mental health paper 1000 words.

First, mental health and its measurement standards The concept of health has existed since ancient times. Human health originally refers to physical health, emphasizing that the body is free from defects and diseases. With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, people have deepened their understanding of themselves, thus deeply realizing that the human body is the unity of physiology and psychology, and mental health is an inseparable part of the concept of health. At 1946, the third international conference on mental health, mental health was defined as: "Mental health refers to the development of one's mental state to the best within the scope of not contradicting others' psychology physically, intellectually and emotionally. "This definition emphasizes that if a person, compared with others, meets the psychological development level of most peers, then this person's psychological state is healthy, and vice versa. Later, scholars at home and abroad discussed mental health many times. Because each scholar's starting point and emphasis are different, there is no accepted definition of mental health. When understanding the concept of mental health, we should pay attention to two points: first, whether a person is mentally healthy or not is not the same thing as whether a person is mentally unhealthy. The former focuses on describing a person's overall state, focusing on people, while the latter focuses on describing a person's situation from a certain aspect, focusing on things. Occasionally, mental health does not mean mental health. Whether mental health exists or not refers to a long-lasting psychological state, not a short-lived and accidental phenomenon. Second, the mental health state is not static, but dynamic. This means that a person's psychology can change from unhealthy to healthy, and can also change from healthy to unhealthy. In addition, the mental health state is a continuous state from healthy to unhealthy. In many cases, there is no clear line between abnormal and normal. Therefore, the mental health state is not so much a type difference between normal and abnormal as a degree difference. How can we know whether students' psychology is healthy? What is the standard of mental health? Due to the lack of mental health indicators as accurate as physical health, there are still great differences in the field of psychology. Comparing the existing definitions of mental health standards between Chinese and western scholars, we will find that China scholars tend to live standards, while western scholars advocate developing standards while attaching importance to living standards. The so-called survival standard is based on the existence of individual life and aims at preserving and prolonging biological life, so it emphasizes unconditional adaptation to the environment and obedience to the mainstream of culture; On the other hand, the development standard focuses on the development of individuals and society, hoping to create the most valuable life, emphasizing active adaptation and transformation of the environment, seeking physical and mental satisfaction by tapping the greatest physical and mental potential of individuals, and becoming noble, dignified and proud people. These two standards are of great reference value when we determine the standards of students' mental health. In particular, the introduction of development standards is of practical significance to school psychological counseling. On the one hand, from the physical and mental characteristics of students, the problems of development are more prominent, and some seemingly adaptive problems are actually allergic reactions that hinder development. On the other hand, it can correctly guide students' psychological counseling and educational practice and conform to the new trend of today's world. The basic standards of students' mental health should include the following aspects: 1. Normal intelligence is the most basic psychological condition for students' normal life. A mentally retarded student can't talk about mental health. Normal intelligence makes people take an objective attitude when they know the world, the environment and themselves, instead of being "self-centered", and treat all things correctly; Have a keen observation of other people's inner activities when interacting with others, and will not often misunderstand other people's words and deeds; Can successfully complete their studies. 2. Being able to express your emotions correctly plays an important role in mental health. People with mental health can always maintain positive emotions, have the necessary tolerance for conflicts and setbacks in life, and can moderately vent their negative emotions, so that they will neither succumb to being suppressed nor indulge their emotions at will. Middle school students, in particular, are in a period of agitation, and need to improve their emotional control. 3. People who can accept their mental health have a positive self-image, can evaluate their own advantages and disadvantages realistically, will not over-conceal themselves, will not deliberately please others, and can treat others' evaluations and comments realistically. 4. Good interpersonal relationship Harmonious interpersonal relationship is not only an indispensable condition for mental health, but also an important way to obtain mental health. Mentally healthy people are willing to communicate with others, can cooperate with others, have correct communication attitude and effective interpersonal skills, tolerate others without losing their independent personality, have extensive and stable interpersonal relationships, and have close friends and close family members. 5. Strong self-control is the embodiment of people's initiative. Mentally healthy people have clear study and work goals, high consciousness, initiative to overcome difficulties and perseverance. 6. The ultimate goal of maintaining personal integrity and mental health is to make people maintain personal integrity and cultivate a sound personality. The main signs of integrity and health of personality include the all-round and harmonious development of various structural elements of personality, creativity and positive outlook on life. 7. Actively adapting to the real environment, unable to effectively handle the relationship with the surrounding real environment, is an important reason leading to psychological barriers. People with mental health will not simply complain about the real environment, but actively adapt and reform, have a more accurate understanding of the surrounding situation, and quickly adjust their behavior. Second, three understandings of mental health education. Mental health education in primary and secondary schools has been paid more and more attention. Its theoretical value and practical significance have been increasingly confirmed. Therefore, this paper puts forward three understandings of the status and function of mental health education. First of all, mental health education is the basic point of quality education. At the Third National Conference on Education, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council made a decision on deepening education reform and comprehensively promoting quality education. The fundamental purpose of quality education is to improve the national quality in an all-round way, the core is to strengthen and improve moral education, the focus is to cultivate innovative spirit and practical ability, and the foundation is health education, including physical health and mental health. Mao Zedong wrote an article in his early years, emphasizing the importance of health. He compared the body to a "ship carrying wisdom" and a "house containing morality", and then concluded: "Without the body, there would be no morality and wisdom." From this, we have reason to think that "without intention, there is no morality and no wisdom". If a person's psychology is unhealthy, it is difficult to realize his due value, no matter how good his virtue and wisdom are. Secondly, mental health education is the growing point of moral education. With the development of reform and opening up and market economy, people's psychological pressure is getting heavier and heavier, and psychological problems are prominent. Uneven economic development has widened people's income gap, and the rising divorce rate has led to the increase of children in single-parent families. The competition for further studies and job hunting has caused a heavy psychological burden, which has caused teenagers, especially high school students, to have a series of psychological problems, such as inferiority complex, loneliness, tension, fear, doubt, depression, jealousy, revenge and other unhealthy psychological States, leading to neurasthenia, schizophrenia, and even vicious incidents such as running away from home, murder and suicide. Practice has proved that in order to solve these problems, political education, ideological education, law and discipline education and moral education can not be completely effective, and mental health education is also needed. Mental health education aims at the psychological characteristics and problems of students of different ages, carries out effective mental health and psychological development education, pays attention to enhancing students' psychological adaptability, psychological endurance and psychological adjustment ability, and faces learning and life with a healthy attitude, a good mood and a positive attitude. Thirdly, mental health education is a combination of moral education and intellectual education. In the past, moral education and intellectual education often appeared the phenomenon of "two skins", and moral educators tried to solve this problem, but it always had little effect. Now, mental health education has found a breakthrough to solve this problem. This is because mental health education has both moral psychology and intellectual psychology, which are interdependent, mutually transformed, mutually conditional, mutually complementary, dialectically unified and complementary. The process of intellectual activity is the process of observation, attention, memory, imagination and thinking. This process is inevitably accompanied by interests, hobbies, emotions, will, and even ideals, beliefs, and values. The former is an intellectual factor and the latter is a non-intellectual factor. The combination of the two is the whole process of psychological activities. Healthy psychology contributes to the development of intellectual and non-intellectual factors. It can be considered that ideological education, political education, moral education and law and discipline education in moral education are related to intellectual development, but they are not perfect positive correlation, but perfect positive correlation. Therefore, mental health education is the best combination of moral education and intellectual education. Three. Psychological Counseling and Psychotherapy (I) Characteristics and Connotation of Counseling Counseling is a very broad concept abroad. It involves career guidance, education consultation, mental health consultation, marriage and family consultation and other aspects of life. All kinds of consultation are different, but they all have some common characteristics. One of the characteristics of * * * is that consultation embodies the interpersonal relationship of helping visitors. The consultation process is based on the good interpersonal relationship between consultants and visitors. Professionally trained consultants use their professional skills to create a good consulting atmosphere and help people learn to treat themselves, others and problems in life in a more effective way. Many psychological counselors believe that defining psychological counseling must involve the relationship with visitors, which is as indispensable as changing visitors in counseling. They believe that the most basic core condition in consultation is the love, understanding and respect for visitors. They pay attention not only to the consultant's skills, but also to the consultant's basic attitude towards visitors or his ability to care about others. The second characteristic of * * * is that consultation is a series of psychological activities. From the consultant's point of view, helping visitors to know themselves better and live more effectively includes a series of psychological activities. In the process of consultation, the relevant theories and skills used by consultants are also based on psychology. From the perspective of visitors, visitors need to accept new information, learn new behaviors, learn problem-solving skills and make some decisions during the consultation process, which also involves a series of psychological activities. The third feature of consultation is that it belongs to a special service field. In the process of consultation, consultants can help visitors to know themselves, determine their goals, make decisions and solve problems. Special consultation can also provide consulting services on occupation, study, disease rehabilitation, mental health, marriage and family, sexual problems, choice of religion and values, career development and other related issues. In some developed countries, consulting psychologists are active in primary and secondary schools, universities, hospitals, clinics, rehabilitation centers, industrial and mining enterprises, social service institutions and various communities to help people achieve more effective personal, social, educational and professional development and achieve greater achievements. After understanding the above characteristics of consultation, we face the definition of consultation again. In 1963, Mr. Ruan Fangfu of our country once recommended Riesman's definition of counseling center: "Counseling is a process of helping, educating and growing through interpersonal relationships". This definition basically expresses the essence of consultation. Based on this definition, combined with the characteristics of consultation we mentioned earlier, we can define consultation as follows: consultation is a process of helping visitors stand on their own feet through interpersonal relationships and psychological methods. This is our definition based on our understanding of the nature of negotiation. This definition involves our understanding of the characteristics of consultation. (1) Consultation must establish good interpersonal relationships; (2) Consultation is an activity under the guidance of relevant psychological theories; (3) Consultation is the process of helping visitors. In addition, this definition also relates to the fundamental purpose of consultation; (4) Help visitors stand on their own feet. This goal focuses on helping visitors realize their own problems. Through consultation, improve their ability to cope with setbacks and various unfortunate events, so that they can face and deal with their own problems in life, even if they can stand on their own feet. Here, the process of helping is actually a process of education, a process of changing visitors and promoting their growth. (2) An influential point of view of psychotherapy is the definition of Wolpegger 1967: psychotherapy is a treatment method for emotional problems, in which a specially trained person establishes a professional contact with visitors with a cautious attitude to eliminate, correct or alleviate existing symptoms, mediate abnormal behaviors and promote positive personality growth and development. Professor Chen Zhonggeng of Peking University believes that psychotherapy is a cooperative effort between therapists and visitors and a partnership. Treatment is about the process of personality and behavior change. Chinese-American scholars Zeng Wenxing and Xu Jing believe that psychotherapy refers to the application of psychological methods to treat patients' psychological problems. Its purpose is to make good use of the patient's desire and potential for cure, improve the patient's psychological and adaptability, relieve the patient's symptoms and pain, help the patient and promote his personality maturity through the relationship between the therapist and the patient. From the above definitions, we can easily find that these definitions more or less involve the following aspects: (1) Treatment is a process; (2) the relationship between treatment and visitors; (3) Therapists use relevant psychotherapy theories to help visitors; (4) Eliminate or alleviate the problems or psychological barriers of visitors, and promote the healthy development of personality. These aspects truly reflect the working characteristics and main purposes of psychotherapy. On the basis of a comprehensive investigation of the above viewpoints, we put forward the definition of psychotherapy as follows: psychotherapy is a process in which a professionally trained therapist helps a visitor with relevant theories and techniques on the basis of a good therapeutic relationship, so as to eliminate or alleviate his problems or obstacles and promote his personality to develop in a healthy and coordinated direction. (3) Similarities and differences between psychological counseling and psychotherapy; Indeed, psychological counseling and psychotherapy have many important overlapping points, which makes people feel inseparable. The similarities are as follows: (1) The theoretical methods adopted by the two are often the same. For example, the theories and techniques of visitor-centered therapy or rational emotional therapy adopted by consulting psychologists are the same as those adopted by psychotherapists. (2) They often work with similar people. For example, both counselors and therapists may face marital problems of visitors. (3) The emphasis of helping visitors grow and change is similar. Both counseling and psychotherapy hope to change or increase the number of help seekers through the interaction between them. (4) Both of them pay attention to establishing good interpersonal relationship between helper and helper, which is considered as a necessary condition for helping helper to change and grow. Despite the above similarities, although some psychological counselors have done some psychotherapy and some psychotherapists are also consulting, some differences can be found between counseling and psychotherapy. Based on the viewpoints in some literatures, we think that the main difference between counseling and psychotherapy is that (1) the clients of psychological counseling are mainly normal people, patients in rehabilitation or after rehabilitation. Psychotherapy is mainly aimed at people with psychological disorders. (2) Psychological counseling focuses on various problems encountered by normal people, including interpersonal problems in daily life, problems in career choice, problems in the education process, problems in marriage and family, and so on. The adaptation scope of psychotherapy is mainly aimed at some neurosis, some sexual metamorphosis, psychological disorders, behavioral disorders, psychosomatic diseases, recovering mental patients and so on. (3) The psychological counseling time is short, and the general counseling frequency is 1 to several times; Psychotherapy takes a long time, from several times to dozens or even more times, and it will take years to complete. (4) Psychological consultation is carried out at the level of consciousness, paying more attention to its education, support and guidance, and finding out the inherent factors of visitors themselves and making them develop; Or put forward improvement suggestions on the basis of analyzing the existing conditions. Some schools of psychotherapy mainly work in the unconscious field, and their work is antagonistic, with the focus on rebuilding patients' personality. (5) Psychological counseling is more directed at some limited specific goals; The purpose of psychotherapy is vague, and its goal is to make people change and progress.