Problem description:
Who knows the answer? Help me. It is urgent.
Analysis:
Students' Common Psychological Obstacles and Their Overcoming Methods
There are many manifestations of psychological disorder. Different days, different occasions and different things are presented in real life, which are harmful to schools, collectives and individuals. Knowing its harm and finding ways to overcome it are very important for us to strengthen our ideological quality and self-cultivation.
(1) criteria for judging psychological abnormality;
A person lives in society and grows up in a certain environment. His thoughts, emotions and behaviors under his control are closely related to the things around him. He accepts all kinds of information from the outside world and responds accordingly. This is the process of a person's psychological activities. Secondly, people rely on this kind of psychological activity to understand and transform time, and also rely on this kind of psychological activity to make people, people and society, and the natural environment depend on each other harmoniously. If the human body is affected by genetic factors, metabolism, infection, traumatic brain injury and other pathogenic factors, or the role of evil spirits around it, the brain function is chaotic and psychological activities cannot be smoothly self-regulated, it will cause obstacles to cognition, perception, emotion, thinking, behavior and will activities to varying degrees, which will not only make one's inner activities uncoordinated, but also uncoordinated with the surrounding environment, thus showing various psychological activities. In severe cases, various symptoms of mental illness may appear.
How to judge psychological abnormality? This is a complicated problem, because there is no clear boundary between normal psychology and abnormal psychology. Normal people will have abnormal psychological activities in a certain period of time, and mental patients will have normal psychological activities even in the most serious cases. In recent years, many psychologists at home and abroad have developed many test tools and scales to correctly distinguish normal psychology from abnormal psychology, and applied modern instruments to process data, which has made great progress in psychological measurement. However, because people's psychological activities are extremely complicated, the results measured by a simple scale can only be used as a reference, and judging whether a person's psychology is abnormal mainly depends on careful observation.
<1> Observe the coordination between psychological activities and external environment. A person's normal psychology, emotions and behaviors dominated by it should be in harmony with the outside world, and there should be no contradictions and conflicts. Their speech and behavior should be understood by normal people. For example, a classmate singing an ordinary song in class can arouse everyone's applause, but if he suddenly sings loudly at a meeting, it will arouse people's surprise. We say that the former is normal psychology and the latter is abnormal psychology, because it is not in harmony with the external environment.
< 2 > Observe the consistency between psychological activities and emotions and behaviors. A person's psychological activities should be consistent with his dominant emotions and behaviors. People often say: people are cheerful when they are happy, bored and sleepy; There are thousands of glasses of wine for every confidant and more than half a sentence for lovers. All show this consistency. For example, a classmate tells his unfortunate experience with a smile, and we say that he lacks the inner experience of the corresponding painful event. The disharmony of perception, emotion and intention is also a kind of abnormal psychology.
< 3 > Observe the relative stability of psychological activities. A person is influenced by genetic quality, family education and environment, which makes them have a relatively stable attitude towards reality and a habitual behavior pattern. This is a person's personality characteristics. Relatively stable. If a person has been silent for several years and suddenly becomes talkative and communicative for unknown reasons, it gives people a completely different feeling, indicating that he is mentally abnormal.
(B) the harm of jealousy and ways to overcome it
We often see such a phenomenon: dozens of people in a class are equal, angry or United, some are top-notch in their studies and praised by teachers for their work, so some people talk about progress and scoff at top-notch, and successful people may encounter some difficulties, while those who have achieved results feel isolated. These are all the hazards caused by jealousy.
Poison is a morbid psychology, which is not good for people or themselves. I have read about talented people who are competitive and narrow-minded, people who are willing to work but extremely selfish, and people who want to do something but are unwilling to do more. Jealousy objects mostly point to familiar classmates, friends and people who are equal to or slightly taller than themselves. There is no jealousy for people who have nothing to do with themselves. Once jealous people find that others have surpassed them, they will have resentment or anger. Once this kind of emotion becomes an act, it will create rumors, set obstacles, sow discord and seek revenge in order to defeat the other side from another angle and achieve psychological peace of mind. In fact, they will not be at peace psychologically. Imagine a person living in the world, contacting many classmates, friends and people around him, and there are many people above himself. If you envy your classmates today, your friends tomorrow and the people around you the day after tomorrow, year after year, day after day, you can keep your nerves in a state of high tension, and you will often be in bad emotions such as fear, anger, depression, anxiety, depression, hatred and hostility. In the third period, Wu Dong general Zhou Yu died of jealousy. Before his death, he was in a state of intense jealousy. Therefore, jealousy is a kind of negative psychology that hinders the progress of others, affects collective unity and ultimately harms one's own health. It is not only prone to psychopathy, but also produces serious physiological dysfunction.
Ways to overcome it: first of all, we should understand the harm of jealousy to people, strengthen moral cultivation, establish lofty ideals, cultivate broad-mindedness and tolerance, strengthen the exercise of willpower, advocate equal competition, mutual assistance and progress, advocate the spirit of striving for the upper reaches, and resolutely overcome the bad habits that hinder the progress of others. At the same time, we should set a correct goal and strive to achieve it. In this way, we must devote all our energy to study and work, so that we won't have extra time to envy others. When you make achievements through hard work, it is very effective to put yourself in the position, experience the feeling of being jealous and enjoy the pleasure of making achievements. Even if you can't make outstanding achievements for the time being, you should realize that it is impossible for a person to surpass others, admit his own shortcomings, see the strengths of others, learn from others' experience, develop himself and surpass others. At the same time, I can also realize that the pleasure of making achievements through hard work is much more comfortable than the fear, anxiety and hatred of others.
(C) the harm of rebellious psychology and ways to overcome it
If the preface of a book says: Please don't turn to page 10 of this book first. To be sure, most students will open this page first, which is rebellious psychology. This kind of psychology is also very common among our classmates, because rebellious psychology is very common among young people. Young people have a strong curiosity. When something is stopped and can't be explained clearly, it is most likely to arouse their curiosity and try their best to find it. Doubt and speculative curiosity made him try regardless of the ban. In addition, young people always want to express themselves with their own knowledge, attract others' attention by being unconventional, find their own self-worth in the case of denying authority, and then get satisfaction, so they deliberately adopt different ways of thinking and performance behavior, which is the basis for young people to easily have rebellious psychology. I don't know that rebellious psychology is not conducive to work, but also healthy. In the long run, your way of thinking will move towards a single antagonistic thinking, and you will often find evidence from the aspects of establishment, which will easily break away from common sense, thus forming an ignorant and simple-minded paranoid character. Sometimes I go to extremes and violate the school rules, because the result of "doing the opposite" often makes me regret it.
How to overcome it: improve cultural quality and scientific knowledge through learning, realize the absurdity of rebellious psychology, and find out its harm theoretically. When rebellious psychology appears, first of all, through comparison, deny your incorrect conclusion. Recalling the mistakes made by rebellious psychology in the past will help you to act cautiously through the lessons of setbacks. Before putting the conclusion into action, you might as well listen to your friends' opinions and form the habit of thinking twice before you act.
(D) the harm of inferiority complex and ways to overcome it
Because young people are emotionally unstable, they have strong self-confidence and even complacency when things are smooth. However, once they encounter setbacks, they will feel inferior, show pessimism and disappointment, have a low evaluation of their intelligence and ability, and always feel inferior to others. This kind of psychology is not only harmful to physical and mental health, but also difficult to succeed in study. 195 1 year, there was a man named Franlin in England. He made new discoveries in his research, but because of his inferiority complex, he was suspicious and hesitant about his findings. As a result, American scientist Watson made the same discovery two years later and won the Nobel Prize. Such examples are common in daily life. Therefore, inferiority is a huge psychological obstacle to realize your lofty ideals, which will make you lose your self-confidence and sense of honor. When encountering setbacks, being criticized, being satirized or ridiculed, the inferiority complex will be greatly strengthened, which will further lead to depression and gradually lose confidence in life. But inferiority complex can also be overcome.
Know yourself correctly and evaluate yourself correctly. Anyone who has an inferiority complex underestimates his ability and intelligence. So if he wants to eliminate inferiority complex, he must first see his own strengths. Seeing others perfectly and seeing yourself as nothing is the root of inferiority complex.
Face the reality, don't expect too much. Those with low indicators can strive for more efforts to make continuous progress. Psychological satisfaction, contentment is always a joy, self-confidence is enhanced in satisfaction, and inferiority complex also follows.
Treat setbacks correctly. Almost everyone will encounter setbacks and failures. The key is not to lose heart, but to work hard. Many things grind, this heart refers to self-confidence, more self-confidence will lead to less inferiority.
Develop strengths and avoid weaknesses, and become short for long. Every inch has its strengths, and every inch has its strengths. Older people don't have everything, and short people can't be short everywhere. The length is relative. It can be shortened from short to long, and it may be shortened from long to short if it is not handled well. As a talkative person, a person who is full of confidence in everything may be long, but if he talks more and does less, or he can't do it, it will become a shortcoming that everyone doesn't like. On the contrary, talking less and feeling inferior may be short-lived, but if they do more, talk less and keep their feet on the ground, they may become people that everyone admires. Everyone should look for their own strengths and find a place to contribute in practical work. When they make some achievements, inferiority will run away and self-confidence will follow. The first success is a good medicine for treating inferiority complex.
(5) The harm of depression and the ways to overcome it.
Depression should be said to be an emotional disorder, a long-term pessimistic psychological state after encountering setbacks on the basis of the original personality. Most setbacks come from study and life. For example, when a problem can't be solved after repeated visits to a teacher, when you or your relatives are seriously ill and can't be cured for a long time, when you feel wronged because you are asked and criticized, when you can't overcome difficulties despite your efforts, and when you feel lonely because of bad interpersonal relationships, temporary depression appears. If the problem is not solved for a long time, or the pent-up emotions are not eliminated for a long time, psychological obstacles can appear. It is characterized by tasteless diet, loss of appetite, tossing and turning, sleepless nights, few words, drowsiness, worrying about the near future, worrying about everything, exaggerating difficulties, underestimating oneself, lacking confidence and being negative and pessimistic. Although this kind of psychology will not harm others and society, it is not smooth for learning and harmful to the body. Ways to overcome: raise awareness, replace negative emotions with positive ones, and strive for them with hard work spirit. If you want others to respect you, you must first respect yourself. If you want to achieve certain results, you must pay the price. Of course, we should look for our own strengths and enhance our courage to overcome difficulties. When you feel bad, you might as well tell your friends. If he tells you that he felt the same way in the past, you can get a kind of comfort from it, thus eliminating mental stress. If a friend tells you how to get rid of depression, you will gain some coping experience, and you can also share the happiness of their soldiers after difficulties. Of course, you can also express your feelings through letters. The process of writing is actually a writing process to ease one's emotions. We have received many psychological counseling letters from people. They often say that after I write a letter and send it, sometimes there is no reason to send it, and I will feel much better. Of course, you can also take part in some problem activities and listen to music to improve your mood. We go to school far away from our deep classmates in our hometown. We have little social experience. When you are in trouble, you can ask your teachers and classmates for help. When you leave your relatives at home, you will realize the special connotation of your classmates.
(6) Harm of conformity psychology and its overcoming methods.
Conformity psychology is also called obedience psychology, and some people call it obedience psychology. It means that a person's behavior, beliefs and emotions will be influenced by others. The wrong view of a small group can often force a person to make an answer that is inconsistent with his own perception and judgment. In 1950s, a psychologist did this experiment. He asked the subjects to line up and look at two cards. Three straight lines A, B and C with different lengths were drawn on the tribute card, and a straight line X was drawn on the other card. Its length is obviously the same as that of one of the three ABC lines, and the subjects are required to judge which line X has the same length. The subjects answered in the order of sitting numbers, and the fifth subject knew that his answer was wrong.
The performance and harm of conformity psychology are common in daily life. Going with your feelings will lead you astray, and shopping with advertisements will make you cheated. In scientific research, conformity psychology will make you give up your correct research results. Of course, the most serious thing is that herd mentality will make some people form small groups, small groups, several people break the discipline together, and even many people get together to make trouble.
The way to overcome it: mainly from ideological education, discipline education, psychological education and legal education, to enhance the binding force. From learning scientific knowledge. Think independently and dare to stick to correct opinions. If people follow the trend and get emotional, you will often regret it. When your thoughts, feelings and actions are in an informal group, you should consider whether conformity has played a role.
(7) The harm of revenge psychology and the ways to overcome it.
Revenge psychology is a narrow psychology, which belongs to the emotional category. People with this mentality will find opportunities to attack their classmates, friends, etc. Use violence through abnormal factories or even profit-making means.
In school, revenge psychology is an extremely harmful narrow psychology, which destroys morale, relaxes discipline and destroys unity, and is a corrosive agent of socialist spiritual civilization. First, revenge is detrimental to the unity between the collective and classmates. Generally speaking, vengeful people are "hostile" to each other. Therefore, revenge is by no means a means to solve conflicts between classmates. Judging from some acts of retaliation, retaliation will often deepen "accumulated grievances", and it will also make the collective unity lax, the relationship tense and the work difficult to carry out. Second, revenge is harmful to the construction of spiritual civilization in schools. Young students should stand at the forefront of socialist spiritual civilization, take the lead in speaking civilized words and doing civilized things, cultivate civilized manners and be civilized people, while revenge will corrode people's souls, reduce people's civilization, make people hypocritical, narrow-minded, and even degenerate into crimes, which will seriously affect the spiritual civilization construction of schools. Third, revenge is harmful to students' physical and mental health. Students should work hard towards the goal of becoming "four haves" the year before last and contribute their youth to the construction of "four modernizations". People who are vengeful are often physically and mentally damaged, and their attention is distracted. Not only can they not increase their talents, but they also damage their prestige. They can't even get people's sympathy and the support of public opinion. Now they may even "make a mistake and regret it forever."
How to overcome it: students should eliminate and overcome their own revenge psychology. Choose the educational content and form that adapts to the temperament, personality, temper and psychological characteristics of young students together, mobilize all positive factors, develop their strengths, make up for their shortcomings and correct their deviations. Personally, it is very important and plays a fundamental role in strengthening the cultivation of moral quality. First, learn self-restraint. In real life, when we encounter unpleasant people and things, especially when our personality and interests are violated, we should seriously consider the consequences and think twice before acting. When young people are angry, they often have the reckless idea of "throwing caution to the wind". If you think calmly at this time, what will be the result of this? It is harmless to people and schools. Give up the original practice when you are sober. The second is to strengthen self-cultivation. Young students must cherish precious youth, seize the time, study hard, strengthen ideological and moral cultivation, and strive to make themselves have a broad mind, lofty ideals, selfless sentiments, and the ability to distinguish truth, goodness, beauty from falsehood, evil and ugliness. The ideological and moral level has improved, and even if you encounter something unsatisfactory, you can handle it calmly. In the interaction with classmates, don't be petty, but understand that respecting others, being magnanimous and being sincere can make people get along with each other; Don't "add insult to injury" with indifference, but be full of enthusiasm and talk about friendship and trust; For students' criticism, don't deal with them as you deal with them, but treat them rationally; Don't protect your own shortcomings, admit your mistakes when it's time to admit them, and accept others' criticisms sincerely, so as to fundamentally solve the "grievances" and turn them into "wars". Third, we should strengthen the cultivation and transformation of personality. Every young classmate should carefully analyze the advantages and disadvantages of his personality and see which ones are beneficial to his growth and progress. What is harmful to personal growth, what is beneficial to consolidation and development, and what is harmful to edification and transformation. Once the character is formed, although it is relatively stable, it can also be transformed, and a healthy character can be honed and cultivated in practice. The ancients said that temperament is cultivated, and its starting point is to transform personality. "Death is not surprising, anger is indispensable", which is also the ancient people's pursuit of an ideal personality. Psychologists believe that although the formation of personality is related to congenital inheritance, it is more important to be influenced by the acquired environment. Because the environment is an important reason for the formation of personality, it also determines the variability of personality and the possibility of personality aversion transformation. If you are withdrawn and narrow-minded, you can strengthen friendly exchanges between classmates through extensive social exchanges, consciously care for each other and carefully understand the feelings of others, and gradually become a gregarious and generous character. For another example, delicate and timid people are generally related to low ability. If you cultivate self-confidence and strive to develop your ability, you may become strong and brave. In short, according to the analysis of one's own personality, the needs of social and moral life and school environment, as well as the experience and lessons in life and work, one should choose the weak links in one's own personality in a targeted manner, adopt appropriate methods, and strive to cultivate sentiment and carry out transformation.
Too long-lasting, it is very unfavorable to physical and mental health, and can cause the following performance.
< 1 >' s consciousness is in a state of high awakening. I am especially alert and sensitive to external things, and sometimes ordinary voices can cause fright, and even a mispronounced sound, illusion, psychogenic auditory hallucination and hallucination appear. "All trees and grass are soldiers" and "a glass of bow and snake shadow" are all manifestations of this tense state.
< 2 > inattention. In this state of mind, if you persist in studying, your memory will obviously decline; If you persist in your work, the error rate will increase significantly; If you are engaged in dangerous work, there is a great possibility of accidents.
< 3 > the ability of analysis and judgment is reduced. At this time, the error rate of participating in decision-making is very high, because at this time, if you don't want to think more and argue repeatedly, it is easy to deal with problems and make hasty decisions.
〈4〉 Emotions are easily angered and self-control ability is poor. The chances of scolding others for no reason, contradicting superiors and quarreling over trifles increase. Blind behavior, repeated actions increase, and the amount of alcohol and tobacco increases.
In case of the above performance, we should resolutely stop working, take a proper rest, change the environment, prevent the continuous occurrence of setbacks from causing greater losses to our work, and avoid the adverse consequences caused by psychological exhaustion and mental breakdown.