I. Factors Affecting Safety in Production Many factors affecting safety in production are the direct causes of accidents. Personally, they mainly include unsafe behaviors of people and unsafe conditions of things. First, the objective factors of production conditions, including power grid structure, equipment level, instruments and meters, personal protective equipment, production environment, defects or hidden dangers, etc. Second, management factors, including standards, procedures, processes and systems of safe production; Third, the impact of the working environment, including climatic conditions, external environment, lighting in the work site, toxic and harmful substances, etc. Fourth, the quality of employees, including employee skills, safety awareness, employee mood and personality. These factors meet in a specific time and space, which will lead to accidents.
Second, establish a safety production risk management system. Since its establishment, Wang Nan Company has been devoted to the exploration and research of safety production management, and actively introduced and explored the contemporary advanced safety management mode on the basis of inheriting and inheriting the original good safety production management. In 2007, the safety production risk management system was implemented in the system, and some experience was gained through the trial implementation in the system, which was popularized and applied in the company system. The safety production risk management system standardizes the safety production management from the aspects of management concept, management content and management methods, and improves the soft power of management, which has both practical and strategic significance. Based on risk control, the system puts forward a set of management modes and methods of safety production, which solves the problems of "what to manage, how to manage, what to do and how to do" in safety production, and ensures that the risks of safety production can be controlled from the management concept, content and methods. Risk management system is a method of risk management and control in production safety. By identifying the hazards in the production process, and then making risk assessment, various risk control measures are formulated and optimized to effectively control risks and reduce or eliminate the possible consequences of risks. The importance of risk management is manifested in pre-control and process management. The essence of risk management is to eliminate or reduce all kinds of disaster consequences caused by risks in the most economical and reasonable way, which includes a set of systematic and scientific management methods such as hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control. Risk management is a necessary link in the management process, involving many factors. The whole process is carried out in four steps: adequacy of system establishment, integrity of system implementation, consistency between implementation and system implementation, and effect of implementation. The system runs in the cyclic PDCA management mode. The main line of safety production risk management system is risk control process, and the basis is hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control planning. The basic idea of safety production risk management system is: risk-based, people-oriented, standardizing behavior, paying attention to safety production process analysis, strengthening safety risk assessment, implementing dynamic management of safety risks, and paying equal attention to correction and prevention. The safety production risk management system consists of 9 units, 5 1 element, 159 management nodes and 480 management sub-standards. The nine modules include: safety management, risk assessment and control, emergency and accident management, working environment, production equipment, production management, occupational health system, capability requirements and training, inspection and audit. Nine units point out the scope of safety production management, management elements point out the work that needs specific management, management nodes point out the management points or process nodes of elements, and sub-criteria are the work requirements or methods of each process node. Safety production risk management system covers all aspects of safety production of power grid enterprises.
Third, how to apply the risk management system to improve the management level of production safety (www.chinatpm.net). Through the analysis of various accidents in power grid enterprises, it is found that most accidents are mainly caused by employees' illegal, careless and irresponsible unsafe behaviors. Ensuring safe production has a long way to go, not only the power grid equipment is in good condition, but also the management system and process should be improved, and there are human factors. Human factors are hard to prevent, and the factors affecting people's unsafe behavior are complex and changeable. It can be seen that in power production, people play a leading role in safety or accidents. According to Heinrich's "causal chain theory of accidents", accidents are caused by unsafe behaviors of people and unsafe states of things, and unsafe behaviors of people and unsafe states of things are caused by people. Therefore, in order to control risks, change the previous management modes of post-remedy, fire fighting and sports safety, and make the safety production risk management system really play a role in safety production, the following work should be done well.
(1) unify thoughts and improve the understanding of safety production risk system. Safety in production is the foundation of all our work. For a long time, we have been suggesting that accidents should be nipped in the bud, and ex post remedy should be changed to ex ante control, but we have been unable to find a good method. Now the safety production risk management system launched by Southern Network Company can solve these problems well and solve the problem of "what to manage and how to manage" safety production. Carrying out the construction of safety production risk management system is put forward by the company on the basis of summarizing the pilot experience of safety production risk management system construction, and it is the concrete embodiment of the overall idea of "systematization, standardization, indexing and informatization" in practical work. We should realize that the construction of safety production risk management system is not an activity, but an effective way to standardize and improve safety production management by using systematic management methods. Therefore, we must unify our thinking, change our concepts, improve our understanding of safety production risk management system, solidly carry out the construction of safety production risk system, and gradually form the regularization and normalization of risk management.
(II) Strengthening leadership, implementing responsibilities and ensuring the smooth construction of safety production risk management system is a work involving a wide range, demanding and complicated content, which requires the active participation and coordination of the broad masses of cadres and workers. It is necessary to strengthen organizational leadership, provide a strong guarantee for promoting the construction of safety production risk system, create good construction conditions, and strengthen management and assessment in the construction process. Actively organize training and publicity, conscientiously carry out all work according to the requirements of management standards, and ensure that the contents and requirements of safety production risk management system are implemented in safety production management. Middle-level cadres play a vital role in the construction of the whole safety production risk management system, and their attention is directly related to the success or failure of the whole system construction. Only by getting the attention of middle-level cadres can we mobilize team leaders and employees to actively participate in the construction of safety production risk system, and implement the requirements of system documents in practical work, so that the system construction can really land and the level of safety production management can be improved. The effectiveness of risk management system construction in a department and a workshop directly reflects whether middle-level cadres attach importance to it or not. All units, departments and posts are responsible for the construction of safety production risk management system, and should take the initiative, earnestly perform their duties and fully complete the tasks of system construction. Personnel at all levels must be clear about their responsibilities in the construction of safety production risk management system and understand what they should do, how to do it and how to do it. Work safety must meet the requirements of safety production risk management system documents.
(3) attach great importance to it, make solid progress, and gradually establish a long-term mechanism for safe production. According to the idea of "systematization, standardization and informatization", it is also an important measure to further promote the construction of long-term mechanism for safety production, consolidate the foundation of safety production management and improve the level of safety production management, which requires the active participation and coordination of all units (departments). All units (departments) should attach great importance to the popularization and application of safety production risk management system construction, fully realize the complexity and long-term nature of this work, effectively integrate system construction with daily safety production management, strengthen communication and coordination, and ensure the smooth development of safety production risk management system construction.
1, according to the requirements of safety production risk management system, establish perfect system documents. At present, there are many systems and standards in the system, but they are not systematic. Often, there is a lack of convergence between systems (standards), disjointed processes, poor operation, duplication and loopholes between systems (standards), and poor operability and integrity. We must reorganize the original management system and standards according to the system requirements, abolish the inapplicable ones, re-compile them according to the system requirements, be closer to the actual work, and optimize the processes and process nodes.
2. Rigid implementation system documents. With perfect institutional documents, the key lies in rigid implementation. Only by implementation can we truly implement the system documents, test the operability and applicability of the system documents, and gradually improve the system documents. Otherwise, even the best system documents are a pile of waste paper, which can't achieve the management purpose. There are serious violations of rules and regulations in all kinds of accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the safety awareness and responsibility awareness of cadres and employees at all levels, comprehensively strengthen the risk management and control at the job site, strengthen the rigid implementation of system documents, promote the gradual transmission and implementation of the responsibility system for safety production, and consolidate the foundation of safety production management. In power production, first of all, managers at all levels correctly understand and implement the system documents, which can only be implemented after managers at all levels correctly understand the system documents, and will not go out of shape in the implementation process; Second, we should pay special attention to the responsible person and guardian, who are the direct organizers, commanders and supervisors of various power production activities, and are the key and core of work implementation and risk control in the production line and job site. The key to the real implementation of risk control measures is the person in charge of the work; Third, do a good job in the safety management of working class members and give full play to the initiative of class members. Class members are the executors of risk control measures and the key executors of whether risk control measures can be implemented in the work.
3. Continue to carry out safety production risk assessment and improve safety production risk management and control capabilities. First, conduct benchmark risk assessment according to the technical standards of risk assessment, identify the hazards of power grid, equipment, operation, environment and occupational health, roads, fires and posts, conduct risk assessment on the identified hazards, and formulate corresponding control measures. The essence of safety production risk management system is to identify, evaluate and control risks in advance. Second, we should do a good job in problem-based risk assessment and continuous risk assessment, carry out risk assessment in a targeted manner, and realize risk management and control of all work. Third, vigorously carry out the use of work instructions, through the use of work instructions, standardize the operation behavior and control all kinds of risks in the operation, and improve the technical business level and operation risk control level of employees. Fourth, strengthen the management of changes in production safety, conduct risk assessment on changes in power grid, equipment, personnel, systems and processes in a timely manner, and take control measures to prevent accidents.
4, strengthen the education and training of employees, eliminate the safety of employees by luck. What luck psychology shows in safety production is habitual violation of regulations, which is also the main factor causing accidents and exists in our employees to varying degrees. This is difficult to change, because it is a long-term mode of thinking and behavior. Therefore, while building a safety production risk system, we should pay attention to the safety awareness education of employees, so that employees can know where there are dangerous sources, the possibility and severity of accidents, and what to do about possible dangers. Only when employees improve their safety awareness and consciously abide by the rules can they actively identify risks and correctly implement risk control measures, always pay attention to safety, and develop a rigorous work style and pragmatic work attitude.
5. Strengthen the supervision and inspection of the operation process, and gradually form a good habit of consciously observing the rules. First, carry out on-site security picket and task observation, discover and correct all kinds of unsafe behaviors at work in time, and gradually let employees develop good work habits and consciously abide by the rules through continuous correction. The second is to carry out various safety inspections, find hidden dangers in management, equipment and systems through inspections, and take timely control measures to prevent hidden dangers from developing into accidents and improve the level of safety production management.