Toxic hazard of A 1
Overview A 1. 1 refers to the destructive ability of chemicals to invade the human body through inhalation, ingestion, and contact between the panel and the eyes. Mainly consider the inherent hazards of the substance itself and the hazards of decomposition products in case of fire, and properly consider the chronic effects, such as carcinogenesis, teratogenesis, mutation, etc., but do not consider the hazards of fire burns.
A 1.2 hazard classification is divided into five levels, namely, highly toxic, highly toxic, toxic, low toxic and slightly toxic, which are indicated by 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0 respectively. The division principle is as follows:
A) 4 means highly toxic chemicals that may cause death or serious injury after short-term contact. The division principle is as follows:
Chemicals with LD50≤5mg/kg (oral)
Chemicals with LD50 ≤ 40mg/kg (transdermal)
LC50 ≤ 0.5mg/L (dust or smoke)
Lc50 ≤ (/kloc-0 /×1000m /24.45) mg/m3 (gas)
At room temperature of 20℃, the saturated steam concentration is 10 times that of LC50, and LC50 ≤ (1×1000 m/24.45) mg/m3.
B) 3 indicates that high toxicity refers to chemicals that can cause serious temporary or permanent damage after short-term contact. The division principle is as follows:
5 mg/kg < LD50 ≤ 50 mg/kg (oral) chemicals.
40 mg/kg < LD50 ≤ 200 mg/kg of chemicals (transdermal)
0.5mg/L < LC50 ≤ 2mg/L (dust or smoke)
(1×1000m /24.45) mg/m3 < LC50 ≤ (3x1000m /24.45) mg/m3 (gas)
Liquid with saturated vapor concentration ≥LC50 and (/kloc-0 /×1000m/24.45) mg/m3 < LC50 ≤ 3x (1000m/24.45) mg/m3 at room temperature of 20℃;
Carcinogenic or suspected carcinogenic chemicals;
Chemicals that are highly corrosive to panels or may cause permanent eye damage;
Chemicals that release highly toxic substances when burned.
C) 2 indicates that moderate toxicity refers to substances that can cause temporary injury or may leave permanent residues after short-term contact or high-concentration contact. The division principle is as follows:
50 mg/kg < LD50 ≤ 500 mg/kg (oral) chemicals.
200mg/kg < LD50 ≤ 1000 mg/kg (transdermal) chemicals.
2 mg/l < LC50 ≤ 10 mg/l (dust or smoke)
(3×1000m /24.45) mg/m3 < LC50 ≤ (5×1000m /24.45) mg/m3 (gas)
At room temperature of 20℃, the saturated steam concentration is ≥ (1/5) LC50 and (3×1000m/24.45) mg/m3 < LC50 ≤ (5×1000m/24.45) mg/.
It can cause serious damage to respiratory system, panel and eyes, but the damage caused by such chemicals can be reversed;
Chemicals that release toxic or strong products when burned;
Chemicals that emit toxic vapors without vigilance under normal circumstances or in a fire;
D) 1 indicates that low toxicity refers to chemicals that can cause serious * * * but not permanent disability after short-term contact. The division principle is as follows:
500 mg/kg < LD50 ≤ 2000 mg/kg (oral) chemicals.
1000 mg/kg < LD50 ≤ 2000 mg/kg (transdermal) chemicals.
10mg/l < LC50 ≤ 200/l (dust or smoke)
(5×10000m /24.45) mg/m3 < LC50 ≤ (1×10000m /24.45) mg/m3 (gas)
When putting out a fire, chemicals that will release * * * combustion products.
E) 0 indicates that slightly toxic chemicals are basically harmless in case of contact or fire. The division principle is as follows:
Chemicals with LD50 > 2000/kg (oral)
Chemicals with LD50 > 2000/kg (transdermal)
LD50 > 200mg/L (dust or smoke)
Lc50 > (/kloc-0 /×10000m /24.45) mg/m3 (gas)
Note: M- relative molecular mass.
A2 combustion hazard
A2. 1 Overview The combustion risk of chemicals refers to the difficulty of causing chemicals to burn.
A2.2 Risk classification The combustion risk of chemicals is divided into five grades: 0 ~ 4. Those who meet one of the requirements can be graded according to the highest risk.
A) 4 stands for extremely flammable, which refers to chemicals that can be rapidly gasified at normal temperature and pressure, and can rapidly spread and burn in the air. Including:
Combustible gas with lower explosion limit ≤ 10% (v/v);
Flammable low-temperature liquefied gas chemicals;
Flash point liquid
Spontaneous combustion of chemicals.
B) 3 stands for highly flammable, and refers to liquids and solids that burn rapidly at room temperature. Among them: combustible gas with lower explosion limit > 10% (v/v); -18℃≤ liquid with flash point < 23℃; A chemical that can form an explosive mixture with air at normal temperature and pressure and can quickly spread in the air. Such as combustible dust or combustible liquid vapor; Intramolecular oxygen-rich substances (celluloid, organic peroxide, etc. ).
C) 2 indicates flammability, which refers to chemicals that can be burned only when properly heated or exposed to higher temperature during ignition. Including liquid with flash point less than or equal to 23 DEG C and less than or equal to 665438+/-0 DEG C; Solids that can burn rapidly in dust state, but cannot form explosive atmosphere with air; A solid substance (such as cotton) that can burn or flash quickly after fiberization or pulverization; A solid or semi-solid chemical substance that can quickly release flammable vapor.
D) 1 means combustible, which is a chemical that needs to be preheated before the fire is pointed out. Including: chemicals that can burn within 5 minutes at high temperature of 8 15℃; Most combustible materials.
E) 0 means incombustible, which refers to the chemical that can't burn within 5 minutes at the high temperature of 8 15℃.
Danger of A3 reaction
A3. 1 Overview The harm of active reaction refers to the harm caused by the release of chemical energy.
Some chemicals themselves have the characteristics of rapid energy release (such as self-reaction or polymerization), and some chemicals can only have a violent explosion reaction when they come into contact with water or other chemicals.
A3.2 Risk classification is divided into five grades according to the difficulty, speed and quantity of energy release, namely, 0-4 grades.
A) 4 refers to chemicals that can rapidly explode or decompose at normal temperature and pressure, including chemicals that are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock when heated, impacted or rubbed;
B) 3 denotes a chemical that can explode, decompose or react explosively under a strong initiation source or a strip that needs to be heated before initiation. Including: chemicals sensitive to high heat or strong impact (such as peroxide and other chemicals); Chemicals that react explosively with water.
C) 2 denotes a chemical that will undergo drastic chemical changes under heating or pressure. Including: chemicals with exothermic phenomenon under the test strip with the temperature lower than or equal to 65438 050℃; Chemicals that can react violently with water or form explosive mixtures.
D) 1 means a chemical that is stable at normal temperature and pressure, but unstable when heated or pressurized. Including: chemicals that will change or decompose when exposed to air, light or moisture; /kloc-chemicals with exothermic phenomena above 0/50℃ and below 300℃;
E) 0 indicates a chemical that is stable at normal temperature and pressure even in fire. Comprises a chemical substance which does not react with water; Chemicals with exothermic phenomena at temperatures above 300℃ and below 500℃.
Appendix b (standard appendix)
Classification of personal protective measures for chemical safety labels in workplaces
B 1 classification of personal protective measures
B 1. 1 Overview Individual protective measures refer to the protective methods and means taken to protect workers from chemical hazards during the production, operation, disposal, handling and use of hazardous chemicals. It mainly includes engineering respiratory system protection, eye protection, hand, foot and whole body protection.
The classification of B 1.2 is divided into nine protection levels according to the characteristics of the workplace and the danger of chemicals, combined with the specific situation of China, which are represented by Arabic numerals and patterns of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 respectively. The higher the number, the higher the protection level. See table 1 and legend.
Table 1, specific classification principles:
Scope of application of grade protection measures
9. Fully enclosed protective clothing, special protective gloves and self-contained breathing apparatus.
The oxygen concentration in the environment is lower than 18%, and the toxic substances are toxic and toxic places; Strong * *, strong corrosive places
Protective clothing, special protective gloves and self-contained breathing apparatus
The oxygen concentration in the environment is lower than 18%, and the contact poison is high toxic or asphyxiating gas.
7 protective clothing, special protective gloves and full-face gas mask.
The oxygen concentration in the environment is higher than 18%, and the exposure to toxic substances is high toxic substances and places with high toxic substance concentration; * * * and corrosive places.
6 protective clothing, special protective gloves, half mask gas mask, protective glasses.
The oxygen concentration in the environment is higher than 18%, and the contact toxicant is medium toxic, with high concentration and weak corrosivity.
5 protective clothing, special protective gloves and dust masks
The oxygen concentration in the environment is higher than 18%, and the contact with dust is low in toxicity and concentration.
Protective clothing, special protective gloves and half mask.
Places with strong and corrosive substances but low toxicity.
3 protective clothing, special protective gloves, half mask gas mask.
Places where the substances in contact have low toxicity and weak corrosiveness.
Protective clothing, special protective gloves and protective glasses
Where contact with matter is weak.
1 Protective clothing and general protective gloves
The substances in contact are slightly toxic, corrosive and nontoxic.
What are the occupational hazards in mines? What labor protection articles should be equipped? Hello.
What are these common occupational diseases?
Coal workers' pneumoconiosis, silicosis and hearing loss.
According to the requirements of the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Labor Protection Articles, which came into effect on September 1 2005, the following points must be achieved:
(1) Coal mining enterprises shall not replace the labor protection articles that should be equipped according to regulations with money or other articles.
(two) the labor protection articles provided by coal mining enterprises for workers must meet the national standards or industry standards, and shall not exceed the service life.
(3) Coal mining enterprises shall urge and educate workers to correctly wear and use labor protection articles.
(4) Coal miners must correctly wear and use labor protection articles in accordance with safety production rules and regulations and labor protection articles use rules; Those who do not wear and use labor protection articles according to the regulations shall not work at their posts.
(5) In the process of using labor protection articles, coal miners should take good care of articles to prevent unnecessary damage. At the same time, it should be cleaned in time after use, always kept clean and intact to prevent mildew and deterioration, and properly kept. For special protective articles (such as insulating articles, etc. ), must adhere to the regular re-inspection system, unqualified or invalid are not allowed to be used.
I hope my answer is helpful to you.
How to use occupational disease protection articles correctly? 4.7 Protective facilities and personal occupational disease protection articles
4.7. 1 Occupational disease protection facilities are fully equipped.
Occupational hazard protection facilities reduce occupational hazards by preventing, eliminating or reducing occupational hazards in the workplace.
A device that damages or affects the health of workers and achieves the purpose of protecting the health of workers. Strip steel should be produced according to process characteristics.
According to the nature of occupational hazard factors in the workplace, choose the corresponding occupational disease protection facilities.
4.7.2 Occupational disease protection facilities are effective.
Effective occupational disease prevention facilities mean that the facilities meet the quality standards of the products themselves and have passed the national quality supervision and inspection.
Qualified regular products; Facilities meet the requirements of occupational disease protection in specific places of use, and can eliminate or reduce occupational hazards to
Impact on workers' health. Occupational disease prevention facilities should be ensured to be effective, and corresponding storage systems should be established to ensure that the responsibility lies with people.
Someone is responsible for regular inspection and timely maintenance, and someone should check whether the protective facilities can operate normally before going to work every day.
And there are daily operation records, and a system should be established to ensure the safety of these equipment during maintenance.
4.7.3 Occupational disease prevention facilities and their ledgers
The employer shall be equipped with occupational hazard protection facilities that meet the requirements, and establish a ledger of occupational hazard protection facilities, including
Equipment name, model, manufacturer's name, main technical parameters, installation location, installation date, use purpose and protective effect.
Fruit evaluation, use and maintenance records, users, responsible persons, etc. Occupational disease prevention and control facilities ledger should have a special person responsible for insurance.
Management, regular updates, and should develop a loan registration system.
4.7.4 Formulate personal occupational disease protection articles plan and organize its implementation.
The employing unit shall establish the management system of personal occupational disease protection articles and formulate the allocation plan of personal occupational disease protection articles.
Ensure the source of funds, technical indicators of protective equipment, replacement cycle, etc. ; Occupational hazards according to job classification and job type
Factors and grades should be equipped with corresponding personal occupational disease protection articles; Personal occupational disease protection articles should be safe, effective and professional.
Occupational hazards personal occupational disease protection articles standard, and should establish the corresponding system, responsibility in place, someone is responsible for, regular inspection,
Maintain and replace expired items in time to ensure that workers hold and will use and maintain them.
4.7.5 Provide personal occupational disease protection articles that meet the requirements of occupational disease prevention and control according to the standards.
Personal occupational disease protection articles refer to the special articles that workers wear with them when they are engaged in professional activities. Ruozhi
The hidden dangers of occupational diseases have not been eliminated, and the protective facilities for occupational diseases cannot achieve the protective effect. As the last line of defense, you should wear one.
Personal protective articles for occupational diseases, such as protective caps, protective clothing,
Protective gloves, protective glasses, protective mouth (face) cover, protective earmuffs (earplugs), respiratory protector and panel protective products, etc.
The employer shall, according to the types of occupational hazards in the workplace, the ways of affecting the human body and the articles produced on the spot.
Location, the level of occupational hazard factors and personal physical health status, etc. , and provide workers with suitable personal positions.
Occupational disease protection articles.
Personal occupational disease protection articles used shall be produced by qualified manufacturers.
Products that meet national or industry standards. The equipment and selection of personal occupational disease protection articles refer to relevant national standards.
Technical parameters and protection efficiency should meet the requirements.
4.7.6 Establish the distribution and registration system of personal occupational disease protection articles.
The employer shall make corresponding records when distributing personal occupational disease protection articles, including distribution time, type of work, personal post, etc.
Name, quantity, recipient or recipient's signature of occupational disease protection articles, etc.
4.7.7 Timely maintenance and regular inspection of occupational disease protection facilities.
Occupational disease protection facilities are of great significance to protect workers' health. If they cannot operate normally, the protection effect will be affected.
Therefore, the employer should carry out regular maintenance and overhaul, regularly test its efficiency and effectiveness, and ensure that it is in a normal state.
State, shall not be removed or stop using. At the same time, should establish the corresponding system, clear response time, responsible person,
Maintenance cycle, to ensure the normal operation of protective facilities.
4.7.8 Timely maintenance and regular inspection of emergency rescue facilities.
Emergency rescue facilities play an important role in ensuring the life safety of workers in the event of an accident, so employment is adopted.
Regular maintenance and overhaul should be carried out, and its efficiency and effect should be tested regularly, and emergency rescue facilities should be used in case of accidents.
After that, it should be repaired in time to test its efficiency and effect to ensure that it is in a normal state. At the same time, it is necessary to establish corresponding management systems.
Degree, responsibility in place, the specialist is responsible for, regular maintenance and overhaul, to ensure the normal operation of emergency rescue facilities.
4.7.9 Maintain occupational diseases in time, and regularly test personal occupational disease protection articles.
Occupational diseases Personal protective equipment for occupational diseases is of great significance for protecting workers' health. Employers should deal with occupational diseases.
Carry out regular maintenance and overhaul of personal occupational disease protection articles, and regularly test their efficacy and effect to ensure their safety and effectiveness.
Workers shall not stop using it without authorization. Personal protective equipment for occupational diseases should also be maintained in time after being used in accidents.
If it is damaged, it should be replaced in time to prevent accidents. Personal protective articles for occupational diseases in occupational disease rehabilitation office
According to relevant requirements, the construction unit shall establish corresponding management system, with responsibilities in place and special personnel responsible for regular maintenance and overhaul.
Ensure that personal occupational disease protection articles can be used normally.
What protective equipment should be equipped when using sulfuric acid? Eye protection: Chemical-resistant safety glasses.
Hand protection: acid-resistant gloves
Foot protection: chemical boots
If it is used in large quantities, it is necessary to wear chemical protective clothing if possible (to prevent sulfuric acid from splashing).
Personal occupational protection articles refer to the right and wrong of personal labor protection articles. Personal occupational protection articles refer to the special articles that workers wear with them in their professional activities.
What are the regulations for the equipment of labor protection articles for electric welding? In order to guide employers to rationally equip and use labor protection articles, protect the safety and health of workers in the production process, and ensure safe production, the State Economic and Trade Commission has formulated the Equipment Standard for Labor Protection Articles (for Trial Implementation) according to the Labor Law of People's Republic of China (PRC).
Mainly includes:
(1) safety helmet. It is used to protect the head and prevent collision and extrusion injury. There are mainly plastic, rubber, glass, adhesive tape, cold protection and bamboo and rattan safety helmets.
(2) Respiratory protective device. It is an important protective product for preventing pneumoconiosis and occupational diseases. According to the purpose, it can be divided into three categories: dustproof, antivirus and oxygen supply, and according to the principle of action, it can be divided into two categories: filtration and isolation.
(3) eye protection. Used to protect the operator's eyes and face from external injuries. It is divided into eye protectors for welding, eye protectors for melting furnace, eye protectors for impact protection, microwave protectors, laser goggles and eye protectors against X-rays, chemicals and dust.
(4) Hearing protection. Hearing protection devices should be used when working in the environment above 90dB(A) for a long time or above 1 15dB(A) for a short time. Hearing protectors include earplugs, earmuffs and helmets.
(5) protective shoes. Used to protect feet from injury. The main products are anti-smashing, insulation, anti-static, acid and alkali resistance, oil resistance, non-slip shoes and so on.
(6) Protective gloves. Used for hand protection, mainly acid alkali resistant gloves, electric insulating gloves, welding gloves, anti-X-ray gloves, asbestos gloves and so on.
(7) Protective clothing. Used to protect workers from physical and chemical factors in the working environment. Protective clothing is divided into special protective clothing and ordinary work clothes.
(8) Anti-falling device. Used to prevent falling accidents. There are mainly seat belts, safety ropes and safety nets.
(9) skin care products. Used to protect exposed panels. It is divided into skin cream and detergent.
All industries must be equipped with labor protection articles. According to the actual use, it should be replaced on time. At the time of distribution, it should be distributed according to different types of work and stored in the ledger.
Where can I buy protective articles for occupational diseases? Generally, it is available in local occupational disease treatment hospitals and physical examination centers, and you can also buy it online in China.
What labor protection articles should be equipped when entering the job site? Equipped with labor protection articles according to the needs of the work site. Commonly used labor protection articles are:
1, safety helmet, work clothes, work shoes, work gloves, dust (poison) masks, protective glasses, etc.
2, climbing operations should be equipped with seat belts, non-slip shoes, etc.
What are the rules for welding labor protection articles? Pick up your schoolbag. When you go to the window to watch and listen, you can't help complaining about this unlucky rain. Seeing that some students around were picked up by their parents, some walked out of the classroom with umbrellas, and some students simply rushed into the rain curtain and shouted: It feels good to get caught in the rain! "So, I also got up the courage to rush into the stormy world and bite the bullet to taste the taste of' cool'." Wow! What a heavy rain! "Before I rushed to the school gate, I was soaked to the skin and became a' drowned rat'. Wow! Parents stood outside the school gate, only to see them holding umbrellas and wearing raincoats, standing there anxiously looking in, looking for their children among many students. That scene suddenly moved me! All right, let's go! My parents won't come anyway. I pushed open the "parent wall" and continued to run in the wind and rain, hoping that my parents would suddenly appear in front of me, even if they wouldn't hug their children lovingly like those parents at the school gate, at least they would wipe the rain on my face ... "Feifei! "Hey, how does this sound so familiar? Like mom's voice? Alas,
What protective equipment does the police have? Riot shield, bulletproof shield, riot suit, bulletproof vest, riot helmet, bulletproof helmet, etc. You can see these when you go to Jiangsu Anhua police equipment.