First, middle school students' mental health problems and their causes
The declaration of the World Health Organization refers not only to physical and physiological aspects, but also to psychological aspects. With the development of China's economy and culture and the progress of education, especially with the transformation from exam-oriented education to quality education, the mental health problems of middle school students have attracted more and more attention, research and discussion in all aspects of education. 1July, 1987, the research on mental health problems and countermeasures of college and middle school students, which was appraised by relevant departments, showed that among the 296 1 students surveyed, 16.7% students had serious mental health problems, which increased greatly with age, including junior high school students 13.76%. Hu Shengli, Xiamen Institute of Educational Sciences, investigated the mental health status of 500 senior high school students and its influencing factors. It was found that 49.6% of senior high school students had different degrees of adverse psychological reactions, and 10.8% of senior high school students had various obvious mental health problems. Not long ago, we surveyed more than 250 middle school students in Fuzhou with a self-made questionnaire. The results show that although 50% of the middle school students in Fuzhou are in a good state and 30% are in a basically normal range, 65,438+00-65,438+05% of them are below the normal level, especially 3-6% of them have serious psychological problems. The above situation shows that middle school students do have mental health problems. The mental health problems of middle school students are mainly manifested as moodiness, emotional instability, poor self-control, low psychological endurance, weak will, lack of self-confidence, learning difficulties, test anxiety, memory decline, inattention, poor thinking, unstable academic performance, difficulties in coping with setbacks, adolescent atresia, fighting, swearing, lying, cheating in exams, being tired of learning, truancy, and serious self-injury or self-injury.
learning problem
Usually, psychological problems arising from learning are the main part of middle school students' psychological problems. Their problems are:
1. Students are under increasing psychological pressure to study, resulting in listlessness, resulting in loss of appetite, insomnia, neurasthenia, decreased memory effect and dull thinking.
2. Learning weariness is a prominent problem in current learning activities. Not only students with poor academic performance are unwilling to study, but some students with good academic performance are also tired of learning. A responsible comrade of the State Education Commission said at a meeting that 30% of middle school students are tired of learning, and some counties are as high as 60%. It can be seen that weariness of learning is a common problem.
3. Test anxiety, especially when encountering more important exams, is more serious, and even anxiety is generalized. The above problems are mainly caused by the influence of school education structure, school education guiding ideology and school education methods. In the current secondary education system, there are unreasonable phenomena in the educational structure of our country. Most of them are ordinary middle schools. What students learn in middle school is basically prepared for the college entrance examination, and only a small part of them actually go to college. Students are faced with the phenomenon of difficulty in entering a higher school, employment and narrow way out, especially those underachievers with poor grades, who feel hopeless in entering a higher school. A sense of sadness and panic that there is no way out after graduation controls them. This situation is reflected in their study, that is, they feel heavy in study, hate studying and are anxious about exams. The unreasonable educational structure also shows that the teaching content is too difficult. According to the survey of People's Education Publishing House, 80% of middle school students have difficulty in learning science textbooks. (2) This situation causes some students to dislike learning, to avoid learning, and to leave school to seek improper stimulation, thus forming a series of conduct obstacles. Many educators have emphasized that difficult textbooks will have a negative impact on students' mental health. Whether the guiding ideology of school education is correct or not also has a great influence on students' mental health. At present, under the influence of the guiding ideology of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate, some schools divide poor classes, rank second in exams, engage in sea tactics, and adopt some educational methods, teaching means and educational measures that violate the principle of mental health. This situation, on the one hand, makes students' psychology in a state of high tension with intellectual overload all day, leading to neurasthenia, insomnia, memory loss, inattention and some abnormal learning behaviors and habits; On the other hand, the wrong concept of fractions has brought psychological pain to students. Teachers' ridicule, classmates' contempt and even parents' complaints and abuse have caused great psychological pressure on students. So the weariness of learning appeared and anxiety came into being. In addition, improper educational methods, such as teaching methods, lack flexibility and punishment, and will also cause various psychological problems to students.
In our school, students' learning psychological pressure is increasing, and exam anxiety and weariness are common problems among middle school students. According to the survey, 83% of students regard games as entertainment. There are 4.2% students who are fascinated by games. This situation has led some students to develop from being tired of learning to avoiding learning, leaving school and seeking improper stimulation.
4. Our group did some investigation on some situations around us, and found that this phenomenon does exist on campus. Some students were top students in junior high school, but when they got to high school, they felt that their academic performance could not catch up. Why? Many people think that there is something wrong with their learning attitude, but most of them are caused by their bad habits in learning, except for their learning objectives, learning methods and some special personal circumstances. After reading a lot of psychological data, our group found that this phenomenon is very similar to a phenomenon called "inertia" in physics, which we call "learning inertia" here, and the reason why top students gradually regress is mainly because they rely too much on learning inertia.
Everyone knows that inertia is the property that an object keeps its original state of motion or static state. In the process of learning, some people want to have a rest when they reach a certain height, and rely on inertia to maintain their original academic performance. Inertia can indeed drag them to run a long distance, but the general trend is to slow down. If they don't speed up quickly at this time, they will stop or go backwards!
We should be aware of this.
Relationship problems
Interpersonal relationship is an important part of psychological problems. By comparing the questionnaires collected in Grade One, Grade Two and Grade Three, it can be seen that 865,438+0.3% of the students think that with the growth of age, victory and psychological maturity, we have a more positive understanding of the environment with others, and mutual contact and communication are more conducive to the generation of emotions. 5.2% of junior high school students think they are anxious. Why? Senior three faces the pressure of senior high school entrance examination, exercises and exams, and becomes daily necessities. They think that life is dark, and it is easy to ignore people and things around them and fall into a closed misunderstanding, which leads to communication difficulties. When asked if he can communicate well with his parents. Up to 87% of the students answered "No". It can be seen that with the gradual stepping into adulthood, people's sense of independence is immature, and they often unconsciously project their emotional changes on others in their daily lives. According to their own emotional experience, to know and evaluate others, so in teaching, teachers and parents should grasp this feature and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
Interpersonal relationship is also a problem that middle school students reflect more. The question is as follows.
1. Relationship with teachers. In the past, it was mainly the rebellious psychology caused by teachers' incomprehension and distrust of students, and the depressive psychology and aggressive behavior caused by teachers' cognitive deviation. In middle school, teachers are still the ideal goals and fair representatives of students, hoping to get their care, understanding and love. If teachers lack understanding, patience and love, and can't give enthusiastic guidance and help, they will be disappointed. In our school, the teaching staff is constantly upgrading, and the average age of teachers tends to be younger, which helps us communicate with teachers. After all, the age gap is a very important aspect that affects interpersonal relationships, so I think young teachers are also a major feature of our school.
2. The relationship between classmates. Communication between people is the process of mutual contact between the two sides. To achieve harmonious communication, we must be able to know ourselves correctly and understand others.
3. Relationship with parents. A democratic and harmonious family gives middle school students a warm harbor of their own. In authoritarian families, parents and children can't communicate normally, which leads to children's withdrawn and bossy personality. All kinds of family scars will cause psychological harm to middle school students to varying degrees. Some studies believe that parental discord is more harmful to children's psychological problems than the death of one parent, because they see bad interpersonal relationships in their parents. Disagreement with parents has many psychological effects on middle school students. "There is a feeling of abandonment and anger; And may become depressed, hostile, destructive ... and often make them uninterested in school work and social life. " . (4) They will think that their parents have brought them pain, and they will hate their parents' family, because family is where all misfortune lies.
(C) Adolescent psychological problems
1. adolescent atresia psychology. Its main performance is that the external performance tends to be closed and blocked, and the increasingly rich and complex internal activities coexist in the same individual. It can be said that closed psychology is a universal and special symbol of adolescent psychology. Therefore, the psychological problem of atresia mainly refers to the psychology under negative circumstances. Under the control of negative emotions, it will be a noteworthy sign for middle school students to close any psychological communication with the outside world. Some middle school students jump off a building and strangle themselves, which is the main reason! If we can give these students another chance to survive, let them learn how to tell their ideas to outsiders. Then they will live, and outsiders will give them good advice, so that they have the courage to face the problem and will not embark on a hopeless road!
2. Emotion is exciting, explicit and implicit. The physiological upheaval in adolescence will inevitably cause emotional agitation among middle school students. This turbulent emotion is sometimes explicit and sometimes implicit. A smile can make people excited all night, but the heart is excited, happy or distressed, depressed and seemingly calm; They have things they want to tell others and secrets they want to tell others, but they are silent when they meet their parents or teachers. If this situation is not understood, there will be depression and anxiety and depression. You should keep this phenomenon in your diary or spread it among your bosom friends. When you have intangible psychological sustenance, you will strive to improve yourself, so that you will be more confident and radiant, and naturally form the healthiest psychology!
3. puppy love. Middle school students are generally underage, and we call this underage love of middle school students puppy love. Middle schools, especially high school students, are in adolescence, and one of the most prominent contradictions in this period is the contradiction between rapid sexual development and relatively naive sexual psychology. Middle school students are limited by their cognitive ability and personality development, especially when the education guidance is not timely and effective, which makes the sexual psychological development of middle school students show relative naivety, so there is a self-considered serious and hazy love. Although this kind of love is curious and imitative, it is a matter of great concern. Although puppy love will leave some people with beautiful memories, it will also pass away a lot of beautiful youth. In the end, the loss outweighs the gain, and it is painful. It is not impossible!
(D) Setbacks to adapt to problems
The frustration of middle school students is manifold, including study, interpersonal relationship, interest desire, self-esteem and so on. There are objective factors, social environment factors and personal subjective factors. Facing the difficulties and pains caused by setbacks, middle school students have two ways to respond: negative response and positive response. Through investigation, we found that only 23% students have a positive reaction to setbacks, while 77% students take a negative attitude. Many people know that they will encounter setbacks and difficulties, but when they do, they don't know how to overcome them. Most students will take a laissez-faire attitude towards setbacks, instead of actively facing problems or falling into a slump. These are all manifestations of negative reactions. Moreover, once the negative frustration adaptation mode is habituated and stabilized, even if the frustration state changes in a specific situation, its behavior still appears as a habituation adaptation mode. Therefore, negative frustration adaptation has turned into a serious mental health problem, which requires long-term patient education.
In addition, because most students lack tolerance for setbacks, in order to avoid setbacks, they often do things carefully, which invisibly adds a lot of pressure to themselves. If the pressure cannot be relieved, it will have an impact on the psychology of middle school students and cause their psychological problems. In order to solve this problem, we found that the four key points facing pressure are:
1. Don't put pressure on yourself. 2. Adapt to the society in your own unique way.
3. contentment is always happy. 4. Learn to vent.
Second, effective measures to maintain the mental health of middle school students
(A) special mental health education for middle school students.
Set up special mental health education courses in middle schools to help students understand the knowledge of psychological science and master certain psychological adjustment skills. The course is divided into two parts: mental health and health theory part and practical operation part. The first part is the course of popularizing mental health knowledge, and the second part is the most effective way to carry out mental health education among middle school students. Its practical training activities include role-playing, questioning each other, interpersonal training, and mastering some psychological adjustment methods to transfer emotions, vent pain, vent anger, overcome inferiority and establish self-confidence. Take precautions before they happen.
(2) Set up a whisper hotline mailbox.
Practice has proved that the hotline e-mail is very beneficial to talking with middle school students, and it is very convenient for some students who are not good at face-to-face conversation. Some words are due to face, so the e-mail can save shy troubles and middle school students can organize their thoughts more closely in the letter. This will enable teachers to solve mental health problems more pertinently.
(three) the establishment of psychological service room, psychological counseling and treatment.
With the increasing demand for improving students' mental health, it is imperative to establish a psychological counseling service room. No matter in junior high school, urban and rural areas, middle school students have started psychological counseling from formality and shyness to generosity; From tentative talk to full talk about one's boredom. The development of the times shows that it is not only the requirement of individual middle school students, but also the trend of the times to carry out psychological counseling and treatment services.
The key to achieving good results in psychological counseling is that consulting teachers should trust and understand students. At the same time, follow the principles of listening, confidentiality, counseling and making friends. Only in this way can a trust relationship be established. Trust relationship is the basis of successful consultation. Only on the basis of trust can the emotions and psychology of both sides be fully communicated, thus achieving the effect of psychological transformation. In some cases, psychotherapy is needed. Therefore, psychological counseling teachers should consciously establish a relationship of care, respect, understanding and guidance with students who are trapped in psychological problems, and adopt appropriate psychotherapy methods according to the needs of the problems, so as to reduce or eliminate students' unsuitable psychological phenomena and behaviors, cultivate adaptive habits and promote the healthy development of psychology.
Research shows that students' mental health problems are directly or indirectly related to family rearing patterns and family interpersonal relationships, and some of them are even manifestations and continuations of family problems. Therefore, parents' active support and cooperation are needed to understand the causes of students' psychological and behavioral deviations, or to formulate and implement counseling and correction plans. Therefore, school mental health education should give consideration to publicity to parents and other aspects.
Thirdly, the significance of exploring and maintaining the mental health of middle school students.
(1) The mental health of middle school students is a new topic and task facing the current education.
At present, all kinds of international competition, such as economy, science and technology, military and so on, are in the final analysis the competition of talents, and talents are cultivated by education. Therefore, training all kinds of talents with good psychological quality and extensive adaptability as soon as possible has become the central topic of educational reform and modern schools.
At present, middle school students in our country are in the background that the old and new systems often collide, many problems can not be solved satisfactorily and in time, and reforms in all walks of life are difficult. Driven by exam-oriented education, middle school students are forced to compete. With the increase of divorced parents and broken families, and some negative effects of social environment, various psychological problems of middle school students have been triggered. Facing all kinds of mental health problems of middle school students, it is difficult to deal with them only by the original education, teaching and moral education. In order to change the passive state of school education, society, schools and parents are calling for psychology to directly participate in school education. Chen, Shen Fishing Village, Li Xintian and other experts and scholars called for "promoting people's mental health, establishing a sound personality and preventing mental illness"; ⑤ "Widely carry out popular science propaganda of mental health social education and school education, and increase mental health classes in primary and secondary schools"; Therefore, the mental health of middle school students is a new subject and task for education.
(2) Maintaining the mental health of middle school students is the requirement of all-round quality education.
China's reform and opening up, the establishment of market economy, and the establishment of a series of strategic policies such as "rejuvenating the country through science and education" and "improving the quality of the whole nation" all put forward newer and higher requirements for people's quality, and the times call for talents with high quality and healthy personality. The core of quality is psychological quality, and the core of quality education is to cultivate students' good psychological quality. The Outline of Education Development clearly points out that psychological quality is an organic part of quality structure. Therefore, studying and maintaining mental health is the requirement of all-round quality education.
(3) It is conducive to directly promoting the mental health of middle school students and improving the teaching quality on a large scale.
Maintain students' mental health through effective methods, so that students' psychology can develop normally. Psychological confusion is relieved, bad psychology and behavior are corrected, and students show good psychological quality. High enthusiasm for learning, active thinking, no psychological burden and pressure in learning, love learning, know how to learn and be creative. Sound personality development can meet the requirements of the school and society and improve oneself. On this basis, the teaching quality has been greatly improved.
The traditional psychology teaching in public courses has been unable to adapt to the development of the times. Mental health education should be added to impart knowledge of mental health, psychological counseling, psychotherapy and psychological counseling. Every normal student can also become a middle school student's psychological masseur in the future, helping middle school students with psychological barriers to support their learning spirit, purify their bad emotions, and understand their own personality characteristics, so that future teachers can truly be called engineers of human souls.