Selection of breeding pigeons
When selecting breeding pigeons, we should look at the various production efficiencies of their ancestors, such as the number of egg nests per year, egg weight, fertilization rate, hatching rate, survival rate of young pigeons, weight of 28-day-old young pigeons, etc. Individual selection should pay attention to the individual's weight above the average weight, the whole body feathers are compact, the mother pigeon's head is exquisite, the neck is slender, and the tibia is slightly slender; Male pigeons are tall and majestic, with strong legs and vigorous; The pigeons that have given birth should be rectified in time, where the number of eggs per year is less than 8, the male and female are not harmonious, the fertilization rate is less than 98%, the quality of the pigeons fed is poor, and the protection for the pigeons is not strong. They should be eliminated in time.
Pigeonhouse requirements
According to the north-south direction, we will build a double-row factory shed pigeon house, each row is about 23 meters long, and it adopts a metal cage with four floors and eight rooms, and each row can raise more than 300 pairs of breeding pigeons. Column spacing is 4 ~ 5m.
Feeding and management
1. Preparation of feed: Pigeons are picky eaters. For a diet with mixed feeds, the order of eating feeds is: mung beans → peas → wheat → corn → soybeans → rice → sorghum, etc. Therefore, it is best to make granules to avoid nutritional deficiency caused by picky eaters. At the same time, some components of feed raw materials should be increased or decreased according to the changes of seasons and production cycles. Summer is hot, add mung beans to clear away heat and reduce fire; In cold winter, increase hemp seed to improve the energy value of feed; Rapeseed is added during molting to shorten molting time. When preparing feed, we should pay attention to the balance of animal protein, especially the essential amino acids. Animal protein is very important for pigeon's egg production, fertilization rate, hatching rate and weight of 28-day-old pigeons.
2. Feeding method: feed 3 times a day and quantify. Feeding time: 7: 30am, 2: 00pm and 6: 00pm; The feeding amount during the non-feeding period is about 40 grams per pigeon. It is best to continue feeding during feeding. If you don't feed pellet feed, soak the feed in warm water at about 40℃ for 30 minutes before feeding, and then dry it a little before feeding, which is beneficial to the digestion of young pigeons.
3. Preparation and delivery of health sand: The quality and feed intake of health sand directly affect the growth and reproduction of pigeons. The formula of health sand in breeding period is * * *% * * *: river sand 35, yellow mud 20, shell powder 15, salt 5, lime 2, poultry multivitamin 2, gentian 0.5, gypsum powder 2, eggshell powder 2, bone meal 2, charcoal powder 6, fish meal 5, licorice 1. Pigeons like to eat fresh and dry sanitary sand, and it is best to put 1 time sanitary sand every day.
4, daily management and disease prevention and control
① Do four things in daily management: Look at mental state, healthy pigeons are lively, excited and sensitive; According to the diet, healthy pigeons eat faster and generally drink water after eating; According to the color and shape of the feces, the normal pigeon feces are gray, yellow-brown or gray-black, strip or spiral, with white urate at the end; Look at the care of the young pigeons, and observe whether the young pigeons have been trampled, crushed, lost or injured by rats. To ensure the safe and healthy growth of young pigeons.
(2) Management of incubation period: When breeding pigeons hatch, some male and female pigeons often fight for hatching, thus breaking their eggs, while some breeding pigeons will linger after eating, thus affecting embryo development and even causing embryo death. In the former case, it is necessary to re-pair, and the nanny pigeon hatches the nest eggs; In the latter case, pigeons should be rushed back to their nests in time to hatch, and their light should be shielded. After 3 ~ 5 days, this phenomenon can be avoided.
Breeding eggs are easily polluted by feces during incubation. Therefore, it is necessary to check them frequently. If there is feces pollution, gently wipe it off with a towel soaked in warm water, which can obviously improve the hatching rate and avoid washing with water, otherwise it will be unfavorable to embryo development and even cause embryo death.
The incubation period of the king pigeon is 18 days, and the eggs should be illuminated twice during the whole incubation period. 1 time is the fifth day of incubation, mainly to eliminate sperm-free eggs. The test method is simple and effective, that is, the eggs are exposed to light. If the egg is yellow and bright, it's just like the one that hasn't hatched. The second exposure of eggs is on the first 12 day of incubation, and the development of embryos is checked to pick out dead embryos.
Some embryos are not strong enough to develop. When they are hatched, although they have broken their shells, they can't hatch by themselves. At this time, artificial midwifery is needed, that is, they are expanded in parallel along the pecking hole and around the egg with a needle, and then they are shelled by themselves when they are mature. If the blood vessels are not completely contracted, they cannot be forcibly broken, otherwise they will die of excessive bleeding. Through artificial midwifery, young pigeons can generally hatch safely, which is an effective measure to improve the hatching rate.
(3) Management of feeding period: For some newborn pigeons that can't feed their young pigeons, they should be given * * *, that is, the mouth of the young pigeon should be carefully inserted into the mouth of the mother pigeon. After repeated several times, the mother pigeons usually feed them or feed them with nanny pigeons to ensure the survival of the young pigeons. Change the position of the squab: Some parents always feed the 1 squab outside the nest first when breastfeeding, which leads to uneven development of the two squabs, and also leads to excessive feeding of 1 squab and indigestion. Therefore, it is necessary to change the position of two young pigeons frequently to make them grow evenly, so as to improve the quality of young pigeons. For nests with only 65,438+0 eggs or 65,438+0 young pigeons, two single nests should be combined or combined according to their relative ages, thus reducing the burden of breeding pigeons, enabling them to lay eggs in advance and improving the production efficiency of breeding pigeons.
Generally, the mother pigeon can lay a nest of eggs within 15 ~ 18 days after the young pigeon hatches. If the young pigeons are not allowed to leave the nest in time, it will affect the laying and hatching of the parent pigeons. Generally speaking, the nesting time is 12 days in summer and 15 days in winter. The separation time between young pigeons and parent pigeons is 265,438+0 or 28 days for commercial pigeons and 28 or 30 days for breeding pigeons.
Feeding skills of breeding pigeons
First of all, pigeon sheds must have red soil. Almost all pigeon fanciers know that because red soil contains essential minerals for young pigeons and adults, such as calcium, phosphorus, salt, vitamins and some trace elements, pigeon fanciers with conditions can go to the market to buy all kinds of red soil and feed it scientifically and reasonably. Pigeons without conditions can also make their own red soil. In fact, the method is very simple. Here is a brief description: find some songkhla * * * that is, pure soil, and it is not doped with other substances * * *, or buy songkhla, and add about 15% of dried egg shells, bone meal, a small amount of trace elements, a small amount of salt, a small amount of broken charcoal and * * * trace elements, so that you can go to the drugstore to buy * * *, and then you can feed the seeds after mixing.
Secondly, we must put some coarse sand and fine sand in the dovecote at the right time. Coarse sand refers to sand with gravel content not exceeding 25%, particle size greater than 0.5 mm and mass exceeding 50% of the total mass. The role of coarse sand is to help breeding pigeons grind food and help digestion and absorption. * * * Because birds have no teeth to chew food, they must have stones to help grind it. Particles with a particle size greater than 0.075mm, a mass exceeding 85% of the total weight and a fineness modulus of 2.2 ~ 1.6 are called fine sand. Fine sand can absorb the water in the pigeon house and contribute to the health of the pigeon house. Pigeons can also bathe with fine sand in hot summer to prevent heatstroke and cool down.
The third is to feed. Pigeon feed should be different from time to time throughout the year, not the same. During the brooding period, beans are rich in protein, which is an essential food for the growth of young pigeons. During this period, beans were dominant, while others were supplemented. When the squab can enter the squab shed, it can be refueled. At this time, corn is the mainstay, assisting others.