How much is koi fish? Because it's too expensive? Are there any good sales methods?

Upstairs, dizzy, koi fish wants to eat, that's really speechless.

Personally, I feel that I know how to clearly introduce each traced blood relative to the seller. After all, I attach great importance to blood relationship, what awards I have won and so on. They are all weights of value.

The rest will have to be introduced more often.

Japanese koi is a precious large ornamental fish. It is the national fish of Japan and a living work of art created by the Japanese. Known as "the living gem in water" and "the king of ornamental fish". Koi fish has a strong physique, bright colors, changeable patterns and beautiful swimming posture, which is of great ornamental and breeding value. Its body length can reach 1- 1.5m, and its life span is extremely long. It can live for 60-70 years, which means good luck. According to legend, it can bring good luck to people. It is a popular feng shui fish and ornamental pet. Japanese often raise koi fish in the pond in the yard. China has a saying of "carp yue longmen" since ancient times, which means that people are successful in their official career. Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and other places believe in taking water as wealth, and raising carp in the courtyard or balcony has become a fashion. Breeding koi fish can not only nourish emotions and beautify the environment, but also help you preserve and increase the value of promising small and medium-sized koi fish. The price is low, as long as you have the right appreciation and breeding methods. After training, if you can win an award at the judging meeting, your status will be doubled, which will not only let you enjoy the fun of breeding and appreciation, but also preserve and increase the value. With the continuous improvement of koi fish's quality and breeding technology, especially in the last two or three decades, many koi fish clubs (such as All-Japan Love Scale Club) have been established around the world, and various koi fish tasting meetings have been held, which has promoted the exchange and development of koi fish in the world, and the breeding trend is in the ascendant. In China, Hongkong and Guangdong, koi fish wine tasting is held several times a year. Koi fish is the largest producer in Japan, with the most mature breeding technology and equipment, and a large number of high-quality and pure koi fish, which makes fans all over the world flock to it. Every year, they go to Niigata, the birthplace of Hiroshima and koi fish, to look for Ming carp. In recent years, Taiwan Province Province, Malaysian, Singaporean, Israeli, Chinese mainland and other emerging regions have sprung up, and the breeding level and product competitiveness are almost equal to those of Japan, which has strongly impacted the dominant market structure of Japan.

Now let's talk about it in detail: 1. Origin and development.

There are different opinions about the origin of koi fish. Some people say that it originated in Japan. During about 1804~ 1829, variation carp appeared in the edible carp raised in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. After that, people continued to breed, and a wide variety of koi fish was cultivated through hybridization technology. Some people think that koi fish, which originated in China, is a kind of red carp from Jiangxi and golden carp from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and was cultivated by the Japanese for a long time. Others think that the origin of koi fish is the origin of carp, which originated from black fish (Magoi). This kind of fish still lives on the earth today. It originated in East Asia, spread from East Asia to China, and then spread to Japan through Korea. It has a history of 2500 years. ...

Regardless of its origin, koi fish developed and prospered from Japan. During the period of Japanese civil administration (1804~ 1829), breeders in Niigata Prefecture screened and improved the mutant carp, and cultivated a light yellow light with reticular markings. During the Tianbao period (1830), red and white carp with broken lines and white background were cultivated. In the sixth year of Dazheng (19 17), the real and primitive red and white carp was cultivated by Jingguang National Collection. Later, through the improvement of Takano Asakura and Hoshino Taro, the quality of red and white carp was greatly improved. Later, in the fifteenth year of Showa (1940), the strains of Youmen and Menjiro were cultivated in Youmen, Hoshino. In the 27th year of Showa (1952), Sato Wuping cultivated Wuping Taixi. In the 16th year of Showa (194 1), Hiroi Yuki cultivated the Miwu Zuo Wei family. However, these are still primitive species with very light red matter. At present, the most famous red-and-white fish and koi fish are Sakutaro in the 29th year of Showa (1954), Qiaotaro in Kawakami in the 35th year of Showa (1960) and Zhu Xian, Wanzang and Datian in the 45th year of Showa (1970). After years of cultivation and screening by Japanese farmers, koi fish has reached its peak, and koi fish has become Japan's national fish, and it has been promoted to all parts of the world as a goodwill ambassador through diplomatic and non-governmental exchanges.

Koi fish scientific name: koi fish belongs to CYPRINIDAE, which is the largest family of all fishes, with more than 1400 species.

Second, the characteristics and living habits of koi fish

(A) koi fish's external morphological characteristics:

1, the number of teeth is very small, and they are arranged in one to three rows across the hypopharynx.

2. There are only a pair of bones near the lower jaw around its mouth, and there are no fat fins.

3. Have two beards

(2) koi fish's internal organs

There are two pairs of beards in the mouth, and the epidermis contains sensory cells similar to taste buds, so that koi fish can distinguish the taste and then feed in the mud; There are no teeth in the mouth, but throat teeth have been developed to chew food.

There are five pairs of gill arcs behind the tongue. The outermost gill arc is the so-called gill, which can filter plankton in the water. The four pairs in front of the branchial arch are red branchial flaps with gas exchange function, which are covered with countless capillaries and connected with the retrolingual esophagus;

Koi fish has no stomach, and the esophagus goes straight to the intestine, which is about five times as long as the body length and curled in the abdominal cavity. The part near the esophagus is slightly thicker, and there are digestive juice secretory glands similar to gastric glands. There is a liver, a pancreas, and a dark green gallbladder.

Fat is located on the back of the body cavity, which is divided into two chambers, front and back, and communicates with the inner ear through a small bone, while the heart is wrapped in a heart sac composed of atrium and ventricle and another arterial ball.

There is a total excretory orifice at the front end of the base of the anal fin, which connects the rectum, urethra and gonad. Sperm or eggs form in nests.

(3) Living habits

Generally speaking, koi fish belongs to temperate fish, and the suitable temperature is around 8 ~ 30℃. Strong adaptability to the environment, but fragile to the drastic change of water temperature, especially when the temperature difference changes sharply above 4℃, a white film will appear on the body surface, which is a cold symptom. Please be careful. Koi fish is an omnivorous fish, and plant fragments, red worms, earthworms, breadworms, silkworm chrysalis, rice, bread and fruits can all be used as food. Generally, plant feed accounts for 60%, and animal feed accounts for 40%.

Third, the classification of koi fish.

All carps with colors, stripes and ornamental features are called koi fish. According to the different scales, koi fish can be divided into two categories: ordinary scale type and scale-free or scale-less type. Koi fish, which has no scales or less scales, is called German systematic koi fish, which is a hybrid of scalless skin carp and scalless mirror carp introduced from Germany and japanese koi. According to the color of stripes, they can be divided into three categories, namely, monochrome category, such as gold; Red and white, writing carp, etc. ; Tri-color categories such as Dazheng Tri-color and Showa Tri-color. At present, koi fish is divided into 13 categories by Japanese "Love Scale Society", and each category is divided into many varieties according to the color and markings of koi fish's body surface. The specific classification is as follows:

1, red and white includes varieties: two red and white, three red and white, four red and white, lightning red and white, one red and white, lipstick red and white, cover red and white, cover nose red and white, Fuji red and white, Napoleon red and white, palace cherry red and white, golden cherry red and white, German red and white.

2. Dazheng tricolor includes varieties: red tricolor, lipstick tricolor, jade robe tricolor, Fuji tricolor, German tricolor and German tricolor.

3. Showa tricolor includes varieties: light black Showa, Fei Showa, Modern Showa and Germany Showa.

4. Gold includes varieties: gold, platinum, gray gold, platinum, mountain gold, orange gold, gold, pine leaves, silver pine leaves, Mizuho gold, gold pockets, silver bars, silver bars, German gold, German platinum and German orange gold.

5. Variegated Piguang carp includes varieties: iron powder, mountain maple iron powder, orange iron powder, iron powder pine leaf, iron powder, chrysanthemum water, platinum, red and white, Okawazu, golden water, silver water, peacock, peacock gold, red peacock and German peacock.

6. Heterogeneity includes varieties: white heterosexuality, red heterosexuality, yellow heterosexuality and German heterosexuality.

7. Writing carp includes varieties: white writing, yellow writing, fee writing and German writing carp.

8. Optical writing includes gold, silver, silvery white, gold writing and other varieties.

9. Pale yellow includes varieties: Indigo Pale Yellow, Minghai Pale Yellow, Water Pale Yellow, Pale Yellow Tri-color, Huaqiucui, Feiqiucui and Huangqiucui.

10, the clothing includes varieties: blue clothes, ink clothes, grape tricolor, clothes tricolor and clothes showa.

1 1, Dante includes varieties: Dante Red and White, Dante Tri-color, Dante Showa, Yidangding, Bird Carp Dante and Jindanding.

12. Gold and silver scales include varieties: red and white gold and silver scales, tricolor gold and silver scales, Showa gold and silver scales and Dante gold and silver scales.

13. Two kinds of carp are bird carp, feather white, Matsukawa flower, Kowloon, deer red and white, deer tricolor, shadow writing, shadow showa, five colors, yellow carp, green carp, tea carp and purple carp.

1, red and white (amber): koi fish with red stripes on a white background is called "red and white". It is one of the most representative varieties in koi fish. Together with Dazheng Sancai and Showa Sancai, it is called "Yu Sanjia". Red and white koi fish is famous for its smooth fish scales, bright red stripes and delicate white matter. To judge a good red and white fish and koi fish, first of all, the body should not be too fat or too thin, and it is best to be strong. Secondly, the texture, koi fish scarlet (also known as erythema or reddish substances) can be divided into three categories: bright red, bright red persimmon color and dark red. If subdivided, there can be dozens, but no matter which kind of red substance is required to be bright, uniform and stable. White needs a piece of white, because only white can set off the beauty of red. If it is yellow, it will not work, and it may even be a sign of illness. Then there is the mode.

2. Taisho Sanshou: There are three colors on koi fish's body surface: red, black and white. Because it was cultivated in Dazheng, it is called Dazheng Sanshou for short. Dazheng tricolor is an ink color added on the basis of red and white, so ink quality is the most distinctive appreciation point of Dazheng tricolor. Of course, red and white are also important. The fish grows fast, its body color is bright, it is trimmed neatly and its spots are thick, so it has become one of the famous species that japanese koi players scramble to buy.

3. Showa Sanshou: Showa Sanshou is cultivated in Showa, Japan, and has three colors of red, black and white, referred to as "Showa". The body color is based on large pieces of ink, and the red and white spots are evenly distributed. The traditional Showa tricolor flag is produced in Sakuma fishing ground in the north-central part of Japan. The traditional Showa tricolor cultivated in this fishing ground is thick in ink, with uniform distribution of red and white spots and large in size, as shown in koi fish, which is very beautiful. But the color is very light under one year old, and you can really see its beauty after three years old.

4. Ogun: In a narrow sense, gold refers to koi fish whose body color is golden yellow, but generally, koi fish with shiny metallic luster, such as platinum, platinum and pine leaves, which is bred by hybridization of gold-based varieties, is also collectively referred to as gold.

5. Guangkoi fish: koi fish is a hybrid of golden carp and koi fish outside koi fish. It has patterns of two or more colors, and its body surface is shiny, so it is called "Guangkoi fish".

6.Bekko: If koi fish has small ink spots on the back with white or red background, it is called Bekko or Bekko, just like a piece of nail plate. It is a variety separated in the process of Dazheng tricolor breeding.

7.Utsurimono: If there are large ink spots on the body surface of koi fish with white, red and yellow background, it is called "writing carp". The white characters cultured in Hiki Fishing Ground in Shizuoka Prefecture, Tokyo, Japan are very famous. The white font color they cultivated reached the level of white point and ink point, and it was thick and graceful.

8. Guang Ussurimonono: Optical characters are descendants of characters and golden carp. Its body surface has a shiny metallic luster, its spots are similar to words, and its body has big stripes.

9. Light yellow is the original variety of koi fish, with light blue back and clear scales, orange belly and fins. If the scales on the back of this strain are not clear, even if they are orange, they are inferior and difficult to be elegant.

10, clothes (Koromo): Every scale of Feiban has ink, which looks like wearing blue or black clothes, so it is called "clothes".

1 1, Tan Qiao: koi fish, Tan Qiao is the most restricted variety among all koi fish varieties. A clear definition is that the head should have round spots, other parts of the body should not have the same color as the head, eyes should not have spots, and the nose and mouth should not have any color.

12. Gold and silver scales: The scales on koi fish's body surface have polygonal reflective surfaces and shine like gems, which are called "gold and silver scales". All varieties with this feature are crowned with gold and silver scales, such as red and white gold and silver scales, Showa gold and silver scales and Dazheng gold and silver scales. Ordinary koi fish enjoys the best viewing effect from an oblique top, but when appreciating koi fish, we should pay attention to both sides of dorsal fin. Gold and silver scales will not appear in the whole body of fish, as long as there are 4 rows from dorsal fin to lateral line, even if they are excellent, they should be arranged neatly.

13, Kawarimono: koi fish, which does not belong to the above 12 variety, is regarded as "double carp".

Fourth, how to manage?

(1) water quality

1, chroma: refers to the color and transparency of water. It is best to cultivate colorless transparent koi fish fish water without suspended matter.

2. Temperature (T): koi fish is a temperature-changing animal, which can adapt to a wide range of water temperatures and can survive between 2℃ and 38℃. However, the optimum water temperature is 23~28℃, so sudden temperature change should be avoided as far as possible in the process of breeding. If the temperature difference exceeds 4℃, koi fish will get sick because of inadaptability.

3. Dissolved oxygen (DO): refers to the amount of oxygen dissolved in water, expressed by DO, in milligrams per liter. Generally, DO is normal at 5~7 mg/L, and low dissolved oxygen in water will affect the normal metabolism of koi fish. If there is a phenomenon of "floating head" or shortness of breath in koi fish, it is necessary to immediately check whether the dissolved oxygen in the water is too low. If the dissolved oxygen is too high, koi fish is prone to bubble disease. Koi fish, who suffers from this disease, usually swims on the water.

4. Hardness (KH): refers to the content of calcium and magnesium salts in water, generally expressed in KH, with soft water below KH7 and hard water above KH7. The hardness of water is related to the pH value. The higher the pH value, the higher the hardness of water. When the pH value is low, the hardness of water is small, but there is no corresponding conversion relationship between them. Generally speaking, tap water is soft, while well water and spring water are hard. Although both soft water and hard water can feed koi fish, slightly harder water is beneficial to the growth of koi fish. If koi fish suddenly changes from hard water to soft water, or from soft water to hard water, there will be a stress reaction, which is also the reason why new fish should be "watered" before entering the pool.

5.pH: pH is used to record the pH value of water. The PH range is 0~ 14, neutral water is at pH7, acidic water is below pH7, and alkaline water is above pH7. Koi fish can be cultured in water with PH value of 6~8.5, but koi fish will grow better in weak alkaline water. If koi fish lives in weak acidic water for a long time, if the pH value is 6, koi fish will lose appetite, weaken physical strength and have poor color change (such as yellow white background and difficult seedling emergence). ), severe gill rot will occur. Moreover, long-term exposure to weak acidic water will weaken the activity of nitrifying bacteria, hinder nitrification and increase the concentration of ammonia in water, which is not conducive to color retention and growth of koi fish. If the water quality is acidic, alkaline substances such as sodium bicarbonate can be added to the water, or zeolite, coral sand or oyster shells can be wrapped in the filter to improve the pH value. Generally, the koi fish density is too high, the dissolved oxygen in the water is insufficient, the hardness of the water is low, and the lack of sunlight can make the pH value of the water low. Therefore, special attention should be paid to these problems in feeding management.

6, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate

Ammonia nitrogen is a harmful chemical substance to koi fish. If the content is too high, koi fish will die. Ammonia nitrogen is the product of protein decomposition. Koi fish's excreta, such as urea and feces, will produce ammonia nitrogen, as will the residual bait in the fish tank and the decomposition of dead fish. The ammonia nitrogen content in water should be controlled below 0.1mg/L. The maximum allowable ammonia nitrogen content in koi fish is 0.5 mg/L. ..

Nitrite is the product of primary oxidation of ammonia nitrogen, and it is also toxic to koi fish, and its content should be controlled below 0.1mg/L.

Nitrate is the final product of ammonia nitrogen oxidation, which has no direct harm to koi fish, but excessive accumulation will lead to water quality aging, bacteria and algae breeding, leading to ecological imbalance. Generally, it should be controlled below 30 mg/L.

In a word, fish farming needs water first, and stable water quality is very important for the growth of koi fish. Conditional enthusiasts had better insist on measuring various indicators of water quality every day. The most suitable water quality indicators for living in koi fish are: the water temperature is 26℃; DO7 mg/l; PH7.2 Ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are less than 0.1mg/L; Nitrate is less than 30mg/L.

2) Feed koi fish.

1. koi fish is an omnivorous fish. Plant fragments, red worms, earthworms, breadworms, silkworm chrysalis, rice, bread and fruit can all be used as food. But at present, farmers mostly use artificial bait to feed koi fish with vegetables, silkworm chrysalis, breadworms, shrimps and earthworms. Generally, plant feed accounts for 60%, and animal feed accounts for 40%.

2. Adopt the "four-fixed" feeding method.

① Timing: The feeding time and interval should be fixed every time, so that koi fish can develop good eating habits and reduce the occurrence of digestive tract diseases. Generally, it should be fed 2~3 times a day, and the feeding time should not be too long. Feeding time should also be adjusted according to season, temperature and climate.

② Fixed point: Fixed feeding position. After a long time, as long as koi fish heard the footsteps of his master, he would concentrate on this fixed feeding position and wait for feeding. After feeding food, fish will compete for food, which adds a lot of fun. Another advantage of fixed position feeding is that you can carefully and clearly observe koi fish's food intake and health status.

③ Qualitative judgment: Ensure the quality of the bait is fresh and nutritious, and do not feed spoiled or expired bait. The bait should be disinfected if possible.

④ Quantification: The feeding amount depends on the size, season and feeding situation of koi fish, and the feeding amount is about 1% of koi fish's weight. Koi fish has no stomach and can't digest too much food at a time. It is best to adhere to the principle of feeding less and eating more meals, and it is advisable to finish eating within 20 minutes. Don't let the fish overeat, they will die suddenly after overeating. Pay attention to koi fish's reaction when feeding, and stop feeding when koi fish has no appetite.

3. Reasonable feeding density

People usually want to raise koi fish in large quantities for viewing. However, if the stocking density exceeds the carrying capacity of the water body, the water quality and system will be out of control, and the narrow space will easily cause environmental pressure on koi fish and reduce the resistance of fish. At the same time, the narrow space causes frequent joints between fish, which makes it easier for pathogens to spread quickly. High-density farming will not only weaken the constitution of most koi fish, but also cause diseases, so it is very important to keep a reasonable breeding density in koi fish for disease prevention. So what is the best breeding density in koi fish? The following table shows the contents for your reference.

Stocking density of fish ponds

Area (㎡) Water depth (cm) Number of koi fish (cm)

5 30 15~20 1~ 15

15~20 50 15~20 30~40

40~50 60~ 100 30 24~40

45 10~ 15

200 70~ 130 30 60~ 100

45 40~50

60 20~30

Stocking density of aquarium

Volume koi fish specification (cm) Stocking quantity (tail)

60*30*30 5~ 10 4~8

90*60*45 5~ 10 10~20

120*60*60 5~ 10 20~40

(3) Daily management

Feeding begins with observation, so it is necessary to observe and inspect fish ponds or fish tanks every day in daily management.

First, observe the situation of aquaculture water. Pay attention to whether the water color is normal and whether the water is turbid. If there are dead fish floating on the water surface, remove them in time. If conditions permit, it is best to check whether the indicators of water quality are normal. Special attention should be paid to raising fish tanks in koi fish, because generally fish tanks are small in size, while koi fish has a large appetite and a lot of excrement. If the circulating filtration is not perfect, the water quality will easily deteriorate, so it is necessary to keep the water quality stable.

Secondly, it is necessary to observe the feeding and swimming situation of koi fish, so as to determine the feeding amount and bait types. At the same time, insist on changing water regularly for disinfection, find fish diseases in time, and achieve early prevention and early treatment.

In addition, check the filtering equipment every day, including observing whether the fish pond or fish tank leaks water; Whether the water pump operates normally and the sound is normal; Whether the filter tank is blocked by dirt, which affects the filtering effect, etc.

These daily tasks seem simple, but if ignored, they are likely to lead to fish diseases. So we should attach great importance to it.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Breeding in koi fish

(A) male and female identification

Female fish: mature female fish has a bulging abdomen and a round head;

Male fish: the male fish is slender, the main fin of pectoral fin becomes thicker, and the forehead protrudes slightly, which will lead to "idolization";

(2) Reproduction

Breeding in koi fish is a very complicated job with strong professionalism. Parent fish used for breeding should undergo strict selection and careful cultivation. Especially when choosing a parent fish, we must first determine the pedigree of the parent fish, that is, whether the parents of the parent fish have good body shape, high-quality texture and strong disease resistance. Secondly, it depends on the quality of the parent fish. You must choose a healthy koi fish, which is excellent in shape, texture and pattern. Finally, the body length and age of parent fish can not be ignored. Generally speaking, females are 4~ 10 years old and have a body length of more than 65 cm. Males aged 3~8 years and over 50 cm in length can be regarded as parent fish.

Parent fish should be paired before breeding. Generally, females and males mate at the ratio of 1: 1, 1:2, 1:3. Each species has its own mating characteristics, and the effect of each parent fish combination is different, not only the excellent rate, but also the performance rate of paternal inheritance and maternal inheritance. Take red and white as an example, there are roughly two situations. One is the overlapping principle, that is, the collocation of two kinds of fish with medium patterns; The second is the principle of complementarity, that is, the combination of large pattern and small pattern. Of course, there are still some factors that affect the matching effect. If the actual matching effect is good, we will keep this matching group and continue to use it next year, otherwise it will be updated or eliminated.

Koi fish lays eggs once a year. From April to June every year, when the water temperature is around 18℃, koi fish can reproduce naturally, and the sexually mature male fish will keep chasing the female fish to promote the female fish to lay eggs. At this time, the female fish will lay eggs in the morning or in the morning, and the amount of eggs laid each time is about 200,000 to 400,000. Take out the attachments of fish eggs, put them into a prepared tank or pond for incubation, and fry can be naturally produced in four days at a water temperature of 20℃.

Other fishing grounds use artificial insemination to breed koi fish.

Prevention and treatment of intransitive verb diseases

Experienced farmers will not wait passively for fish diseases, but take active and effective measures to prevent them. In aquaculture, we should follow the principle of "prevention before illness, early treatment of illness, and prevention is more important than treatment", and pay attention to improving the aquaculture water environment in order to eliminate the source of disease, cut off the transmission route and improve the disease resistance of fish.

(1) disinfection

1. Disinfection of fish ponds and tanks: it needs to be cleaned and disinfected regularly. For disinfection, the fish tank or fish pond can be soaked in 2ppm potassium permanganate solution for about 5 minutes, then washed with clear water and soaked in clear water for a long time before use.

2. Disinfection of water body: After feeding koi fish for a period of time, both aquarium and fish pond water body will accumulate a lot of organic matter and suspended particles, which will lead to the deterioration of water quality and the increase of pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to disinfect the water body regularly, especially in the epidemic season of fish diseases. At present, commonly used disinfectants are bleaching powder (1ppm) and trichlorfon (0.2ppm).

3. Fish disinfection: The newly bought koi fish may carry some bacteria and parasites, which will be transmitted to other healthy fish if not removed in time. Therefore, new fish can only be put into culture water after being isolated by medicinal bath. The specific method is to bathe in 5% saline for 5~ 10 minutes. When taking medicine bath, always observe the state of koi fish. In case of floating head, dyspnea, suffocation, loss of balance, shock and other phenomena, you should immediately stop the medicated bath and put the fish back into the pool water.

4. Disinfection of tools: All tools for fish farming, such as nets, water scoops and filters, need to be cleaned, disinfected and dried regularly. The easiest way is to scald it with boiling water or expose it to the sun. It is not suitable to use high temperature or insolation disinfection equipment, and fish tank disinfection method can be used for soaking disinfection.

5. Hygiene of bait: Fresh bait should be washed repeatedly to remove impurities and ensure freshness. If necessary, it should be frozen. Artificial bait should be stored in a dry and ventilated place to prevent mildew and deterioration.

6. Cut off the route of infection: koi fish suffering from infectious diseases should be fished out in time and treated separately to avoid large-scale infection, and the original pond should also be disinfected. The tools used by sick fish should not be used by healthy fish to avoid cross infection. In addition, the feeding density is too high, the water quality is turbid, and koi fish is prone to get sick.

(2) Common diseases and treatment in koi fish.

1, diseases caused by parasites

① Cucurbitaceae (white spot disease)

Symptoms: The initial symptoms are white spots on koi fish's pectoral fins and body, which quickly spread to the whole body. In the later stage, the body surface was covered with a white film, and the mucus on the body surface increased, the body color was dim, the fish body was thin and the swimming was slow. They often gather in corners or rocks and keep dawdling, trying to drive away parasites. If the parasite is in koi fish's gills, it can't absorb oxygen, and even large fish sometimes die.

Pathogen and cause of infection: The pathogen is a villous worm named pumpkin. The suitable water temperature for pumpkin breeding is 15~25℃. When the water temperature drops below 10℃ or rises to 28℃, the worms stop developing.

Treatment:

At the initial stage of the disease, the water temperature is raised by 2~4℃, and the temperature rises suddenly to kill the small melon worm, so as to achieve the purpose of recovery without medication.

If the water temperature is above 27℃ at first, koi fish will still suffer from white spot disease. In addition to raising the temperature, you can also bathe the fish in malachite green solution with a concentration of 0.05ppm or methylene blue solution with a concentration of 2ppm for several days until the condition improves.

② Anchor flea disease

Symptoms: The sick fish is restless, loses appetite, loses weight, swims slowly, and the female worm's head drills into the host muscle, causing muscle tissue damage, inflammation and ulcer. When koi fish has a large number of parasites in his mouth, it will shut his mouth and die because he can't eat anything.

Pathogen: fleas with anchor heads. Anchorage fleas are relatively large and visible to the naked eye. They are easy to parasitize koi fish's abdomen or the roots of fins. The scales of the parasitic parts of fleas in anchorage will stand up or turn red, so it is easy to distinguish. When the water temperature is low, fleas will dive under the scales for the winter. When the water temperature reaches 15℃, they will start to breed. Therefore, spring and autumn are the breeding periods of fleas.

Treatment: You can directly pull out the worm with tweezers, apply mercuric chloride to the parasitic part, and then put it in another clean fish tank and soak it in 0.2ppm trichlorfon solution or 3% salt for about 30 minutes.

③ ichthyosis:

Symptoms: koi fish infected with fish lice fidgeted, struggled, swam or wiped his ass, trying to get rid of worms, and his body would secrete a lot of mucus and his appetite would decrease. Scratches on bitten parts and fish themselves can cause infection and water mold.

Pathogen: fish lice. Fish lice are relatively large, up to 4~5 mm, visible to the naked eye. They like to parasitize large fish, which is the most easily acquired parasitic disease among fish in koi fish.

Treatment:

Use tweezers to remove the parasites from koi fish one by one, put them in another clean fish tank, and soak them in 0.2ppm trichlorfon solution for about 30 minutes.

④ Wheel diseases

Symptoms: The sick fish wipe their bottoms and contract their fins. After being attacked by pathogens, koi fish likes to swim on the water or by the pool, and his body is thin and dark.

Pathogen and cause of infection: caused by rotifers. It mainly destroys gill tissue, affects fish's breathing and kills fish. Sometimes, it also uses its ring-shaped tooth hook to drill into the deep mucosa of fish skin from the thickening of skin caused by other infections.

Treatment:

Put koi fish in another container and soak it in 2% salt solution for 10 minute, once a day.

Put koi fish into another container, and bathe the sick fish with 0.2ppm trichlorfon solution for about 1 hour, once a day for the first time.

2. Diseases caused by bacteria

① Erythroderma (hemorrhagic disease)

Symptoms: large area of hyperemia in epidermis. There is no large area of ulcer and swelling on the surface of fish, only the fin base and nostrils have obvious red and bloodshot. Later accompanied by ascites and rotten cheeks.

Pathogen and infection cause: It is caused by Fluorescent Extreme Bacillus, which is easy to be infected. Unclean water, trauma, food deterioration, etc. Will cause this disease, which will happen all year round.

Treatment:

Soak the sick fish in the original tank (pool) with 2ppm furacilin solution for several days until the condition improves.

② Enteritis

Symptoms: Anorexia, abnormal stool, general white back, abdominal distension, anal finger root bleeding and other symptoms appear after the disease worsens.

Pathogen and cause of infection: caused by Aeromonas punctata. Generally, koi fish ate unclean or deteriorated bait.

Treatment:

In the original pond (pond), the sick fish were soaked in 4ppm furazolidone solution or fed with feed containing garlic powder.

③ Bacterial gill rot

Symptoms: koi fish's rotten gills mostly occur in the juvenile stage. The gills of diseased fish are often filled with mucus, and the gill filaments and gill cover epidermis are congested. The gill filament turns from red to white, gradually decays and contains dirt, and finally develops to the whole gill. Ill fish are characterized by dyspnea, rapid opening and closing of gills, floating head, and will soon die because of loss of breathing ability.

Pathogen and cause of infection: caused by myxobacteria columnar. It usually happens when the water quality is not clean.

Treatment:

Put koi fish into another container, and soak the sick fish in 2ppm of nitrofurazone or potassium permanganate solution for 20~30 minutes, once a day for several days, until the condition improves.

Sprinkle copper sulfate on the whole pond to make the concentration of copper sulfate in the water reach 0.7ppm once a day for several days.

④ Tail rot and fin rot.

Symptoms: the first one begins to rot from the edge of the fin and then extends inward; The second kind begins to rot at the center of the fin and spreads in all directions. If the disease worsens, the fish's skin will be congested, and if it is infected with other germs, it will lead to death.

Pathogen and route of infection: the result of the interaction between Myxococcus columnar and mold. There are two ways of infection. First, because the culture density is too high, the filtration function is not ideal, and the metabolic waste of fish accumulates, leading to the birth of pathogenic bacteria and infecting fish. Second, when introducing new fish or changing water, the difference or tension of water quality makes the fish uncomfortable, which makes the secretion of mucous membrane on the body surface abnormal, and the edge of the fin is infected because of weakness.

Treatment:

Clean the filter, add a little salt to the tank and stop feeding for a few days.

Soak the sick fish in the original tank (pool) with 0.2ppm potassium permanganate solution for several days until the condition improves.

⑤ Printing diseases

Symptoms: The symptoms begin with a red-like trauma, and then the epidermis is broken, which is round or oval, and the surrounding blood is red and scarred. When the wound worsens, the muscles will be inflamed and rotted, and even the bones and internal organs will be exposed, which will make the fish very thin and even lead to death in severe cases.

Pathogen and cause of infection: caused by Aeromonas punctata. Unclean water and weak fish resistance will cause disease.

Treatment:

The malachite green solution is sprayed all over the pond, so that the concentration of malachite green solution in the water reaches 1ppm, and it is sprayed once a day.

Use 2ppm furfural in the original tank (pool)