Normal children need the following sleep time every day:
Birth ~2 months: 20 hours
2~4 months: 16~ 18 hours
4~9 months: 15~ 16 hours
9 ~1February: 14~ 15 hours.
12 ~1May: 13~ 14 hours
65438+May ~2 years old: 13 hours
2~3 years old: 12.5 hours
3~5 years old: 12 hours
What are the protection items for baby's vision at each stage?
Fetal period
Eye and vision development
As early as the fourth week of pregnancy, fetal vision has been formed. At this time, the fetal eyes are small and covered with a layer of cortex. In the next four or five months, the optic nerve, blood vessels, lens and retina began to develop, and by the sixth month, the fetal eyes had developed greatly.
Health care focus:
Mom should avoid the influence of bad factors.
Since my mother is pregnant, we should pay attention to eating foods rich in protein and vitamins to increase our resistance. She should not drink, smoke or take drugs at will. Try to avoid the influence of various bad factors that may be affected. If pregnant women suffer from rubella, cold, fever, or are invaded by other viruses and bacteria, coupled with improper medication, it will have adverse effects on the normal development of fetal eyeballs. If both husband and wife are highly myopic, they should consult hereditary eye diseases.
Neonatal period (0 ~ 28 days)
Eye and vision development
Babies will respond to light at birth, but their eyes are underdeveloped, their visual structure and optic nerve are not yet mature, and their vision is only 1/30 of that of adults. He can catch up with the object in front of him, but his vision is only about 45 degrees, and his vision is only 1/30 of that of an adult. And you can only look at people or things in the horizontal direction and in front of 18 ~ 38 cm. Newborns prefer to stare at complex shapes and curves, as well as bright contrasting colors.
Health care focus:
Early detection of congenital anomalies
We should pay attention to the size, shape, position, movement and color of children's eyes, find congenital abnormalities as soon as possible, and prevent and treat infectious eye diseases originating from the birth canal.
1 ~ 3 months
After the full moon, the child has the ability to see things and fix his eyes. He will look at the person holding him, but it will not last long, and his eyes will easily lose coordination. After three months, the baby's vision can reach 180 degrees, and he can also see his own hands and feel his existence. At this time, most babies' vision can "follow" the moving object smoothly, and they can also fix their eyes on an object.
4 ~ 6 months
The baby's retina has developed well from 4 to 6 months, and it can be seen from near to far, and then from far to near, and a stereoscopic impression will be established at 4 months. During this period, the baby will find the source of sound through vision, or track moving objects. For example, when the mother walks around the room, the baby's eyes will follow. At this time, the baby can already turn his body and reach out to catch what his eyes see, such as the small pendant hanging above the crib. The visual acuity at this time is about 0. 1.
6 ~ 12 months
After 6 months, the eyes can be focused, and the child will adjust his posture so that he can see clearly what he wants to see.
When you are 8 months old, you will have a reaction to finding something that suddenly disappears in front of your eyes. I especially like to track the objects in front of me with my eyes. The coordination between my eyes and my hands is very smooth. At this time, the baby's vision is kept between 0. 1 ~ 0.2.
After 8 months, the baby can really identify his relatives with his eyes. At this time, the baby actively uses the sensory organs of the whole body, such as vision, hearing, and especially touch, to know the world. By 1 year, the visual acuity is about 0.2. If the time for children to learn to walk is obviously delayed, or if they are easy to fall down and trip over things when walking, it may be that there is something wrong with their eyesight.
Health care focus:
Walking around with the baby in her arms.
Prevent inversion: Many parents like to tie a rope in the middle of their baby's crib and hang some cute toys on it. If you do this often, the child's eyes will rotate to the middle for a long time, which may develop into esotropia, also known as esotropia.
1 ~ 3 years old
Eye and vision development
1 ~ 3 years old children's visual development standard can reach about 0. 1 ~ 0.6. Generally, 2 years old is 0.4, so you can already distinguish the distance between things, and your eyes can keep up with fast-moving things and see clearly. 3 years old and 0.6 years old, with keen vision and likes to observe. He will use his eyes to guide his hands to contact new things, and his eye-hand coordination will be more flexible, and the establishment of stereoscopic vision will be nearly completed.
From 1 year old, children especially like to use their eyes to guide hand movements. They like to be exposed to new things, so their eye-hand coordination ability has grown rapidly, and their visual recognition ability has also been greatly improved at this stage.
Health care focus:
Beware of eye trauma
Children grow up gradually, their range of activities is getting bigger and bigger, they also learn to run, and the possibility of eye injury is getting bigger and bigger. At this time, it is necessary to strengthen safety education for children, such as not running with sharp objects such as pencils and chopsticks; When using detergent, the family should let the children avoid it, so as not to splash the liquid into the children's eyes and cause chemical burns; If foreign matter such as dust enters the eyes, do not wipe it with an unclean handkerchief to avoid scratching the eye surface and causing secondary infection.
4 ~ 6 years old
Eye and vision development
Children aged 4-6 years old gradually mature their vision, and the clarity of their vision is improved, reaching 1.0 at the age of 6, basically reaching the adult level.
If the child's vision is abnormal at this stage, there are obvious signs. People who like to watch TV at close range, squint or tilt their heads, rub their eyes, or are particularly uninterested in visual activities should pay attention. At this time, the problem of myopia also appeared. When children watch TV or read books at close range, they often complain that they can't see clearly, which may be an important sign of myopia. It is necessary to check them in time and continue to carry out various corrective treatments.
Health care focus:
Don't use your eyes for a long time
Don't use your eyes too much: at this time, your child's eyes are still in an imperfect and unstable stage. Using eyes at close range for a long time will lead to the decrease of children's vision and myopia. Therefore, special attention should be paid to limiting children's close working hours, generally not more than 30 minutes at a time. You can often take your child to the distance and guide him to identify distant targets, which will help relax the eye muscles and prevent myopia.
Monitoring the development of vision: at this time, the child's vision should be monitored, especially the vision of both eyes should be checked separately, so as to find out the abnormal vision of one eye. Because an eye with poor eyesight often loses the opportunity to use it and develops into amblyopia, amblyopia can be caused by ametropia (hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism) and strabismus. The earlier the treatment, the better the effect, and the best treatment opportunity is before the age of 6. Therefore, it is best to have an eye examination every 3 to 6 months, and if possible, you can have a 1 mydriatic optometry at this stage.