? Acute rhinitis is an acute inflammation of nasal mucosa, commonly known as "cold", which can occur in all seasons, especially in the case of changeable climate. Rhinovirus is the most common virus. In addition, there are myxovirus, adenovirus, Coxsackie virus A and B.. Bacterial infections are often secondary.
? The clinical manifestations are fatigue, chills, fever and headache, followed by dryness of nasal cavity and nasopharynx, pain, stuffy nose, itchy nose and sneezing.
? Complications The disease often causes nasal vestibulitis because secretions stimulate the nasal vestibule, and nasal mucosal swelling affects the drainage of sinus ostium and the function of eustachian tube. In addition, blowing your nose hard can lead to infection of sinus and eustachian tube, leading to sinusitis and otitis media. Infection can also spread downward, causing inflammation of pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Children with poor physical resistance are more likely to have complications.
? Second, chronic rhinitis
? Chronic rhinitis is chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa and mucosal tissue. According to the pathological changes of membrane and mucosa, it can be divided into simple type and hypertrophic type. Simple lesions are reversible, while hypertrophy is manifested as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of nasal mucosa, and sometimes even hyperosteogeny of inferior turbinate.
? 1. Chronic simple rhinitis
? Nasal mucosal swelling is a chronic inflammation with increased secretion. The symptoms of nasal congestion are intermittent and alternating, that is, light during the day and heavy at night, and the nasal cavity and upper side of the nose are well ventilated when lying on the side, which belongs to the category of sinus diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. It is caused by deficiency of both lung and spleen and pathogenic factors. The treatment method is to replenish lung and spleen, dredge nasal orifices and recover from the disease.
? 2. Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis
? The disease has persistent nasal congestion, nasal congestion, decreased sense of smell, and nasal mucus is not easy to spit out, accompanied by tinnitus, hearing loss, headache, dizziness, memory loss, listlessness and other symptoms. Western medicine can not eradicate the inferior turbinate by closed injection, freezing, laser, microwave and surgical resection, which is easy to destroy the nasal function or cause other diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that pathogenic factors lead to nasal congestion, with yin in the pulse and stagnation of qi, which affects the function of nasopharyngeal tube and pharynx, causing overflow, tinnitus and hearing impairment, thick secretions are not easy to pour out or flow back, and ventilation and drainage of sinus are blocked, resulting in dizziness and headache.
? Third, allergic rhinitis
? Allergic rhinitis is called allergic reaction, which is called "epistaxis" in Chinese medicine. Also called nasal sensitivity. In China, according to the symptoms and characteristics of allergic rhinitis, it can be roughly divided into seasonal and perennial.
? Seasonality mainly refers to an immune state after the body comes into contact with foreign bodies. When exposed to such substances again, abnormal reactions will occur, activating intracellular enzymes, causing capillary and small blood vessels to dilate, leading to tissue edema and allergic reactions. It is also related to allergenicity (such as pollen, dust, fungi, chemicals, etc.) contained in the air. ) and has certain regularity.
When it comes into contact with allergens, it will suddenly get sick and return to normal quickly after the attack.
It occurs all year round, and there is no certain regularity. Its typical symptoms are: itchy nose and eyes, sneezing, and a lot of clear water-like snot. Nasal congestion and olfactory dysfunction. Especially when getting up in the morning or climate change, irritating gas enters the nasal cavity. If recurrent attacks occur, desensitization with hormone drugs may lead to dizziness, headache, tinnitus and hearing impairment. Extreme edema of nasal mucosa, nasal congestion can become persistent, olfactory function is lost, and polypoid or nasal polyps can be formed.
Recently, it has been found that some treatments have entered a misunderstanding. According to the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, it can be divided into three types: allergic rhinitis caused by allergens, vasomotor rhinitis and neuroreflex rhinitis. Simple nerve reflex has nothing to do with allergens, but is the normal function of nasal cavity. It is both, and it cannot be desensitized blindly. It is necessary to use drugs according to syndrome differentiation in order to achieve cure.
Attachment: 1, vasomotor rhinitis
This disease is a hypersensitive reaction of the nose when the nasal mucosa reaction is reduced, and it is a nasal autonomic nerve disorder. Patients sometimes touch the nasal mucosa slightly, which can cause lightning strikes, and the attacks suddenly disappear quickly. Its symptoms are similar to allergic rhinitis, except that the itching in the nose is not serious or not. The symptoms of oral cold medicine can be alleviated, such as changes in cold and heat, changes in posture, endocrine disorders, emotional excitement and so on. People are often in an environment of high tension, depression and loss. In some institutions and schools, this disease appears in large numbers, and patients mistakenly think that they have a cold and go to the hospital. The disease is widespread in western developed countries, and the incidence rate in China has risen sharply in recent years.
2. Neuroreflex rhinitis
This disease is a kind of perennial rhinitis, and its symptoms are similar to perennial allergic rhinitis. It is easy to be misdiagnosed and mistreated. Its etiology is unknown, but it has nothing to do with allergies. It is a case of nasal sensitivity, and oral antiallergic drugs are ineffective. Mainly due to the activation of the nervous system, nasal nerve spasms and produces a large number of eosinophils, leading to nasal mucosal edema and excessive gland secretion. Patients often have stuffy nose and clear nose, accompanied by headache, dizziness, tinnitus and other systemic symptoms.
In short, it is not difficult to distinguish these three kinds of rhinitis. In terms of treatment, popular local therapies such as nasal injection, freezing, laser and microwave can only alleviate temporary symptoms, but not completely cure them. This kind of nasal disease belongs to the category of nasal congestion syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that "healthy qi cannot be hidden in internal evils" and "the combination of evil spirits must be empty". In recent years, according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, we have adjusted the lung, spleen and kidney functions, maintained a balance, cultivated healthy qi, treated both the symptoms and root causes, and cured diseases.
Fourth, nasal polyps
Nasal polyp is a creature formed by extreme edema and hypertrophy of nasal cavity and sinus mucosa, commonly known as "rhinoceros". Its cause is still unknown, and there are many theories, mainly the following: 1 Phenomenon: negative pressure is formed in the nasal cavity after forced inhalation, and ethmoid sinus mucosa is sucked into the nasal cavity, forming polyps over time.
2. The change of polysaccharide refers to the imbalance of glucose, insulin and adrenaline, which increases the sugar content in the matrix, thus promoting interstitial edema and forming polyps.
? 3. Vascular dyskinesia theory: It is believed that vascular nerve action and nasal mucosal mast cell granules lead to mucosal edema and polyp formation.
? 4. Infection theory: Due to the long-term stimulation of purulent secretions of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis, thrombophlebitis and lymphatic obstruction occur in nasal mucosa, leading to edema and gradually forming polyps;
? 5, allergic reaction: due to the repeated attacks of allergic rhinitis, mucosal capillary permeability increased, plasma exudation increased, making the nasal mucosa extremely edema, gradually drooping under the action of official force, forming polyps.
? Although there are many reasons for nasal polyps, one thing is certain, that is, the formation of polyps is the result of many factors, among which allergic reaction and chronic inflammatory stimulation are particularly important. In recent years, we have found that in the process of nasal polyps, the epithelial cells and nerves of nasal mucosa are damaged, and active media are released, which leads to increased vascular permeability, interstitial edema, cell infiltration and increased pressure, and finally leads to tissue proliferation, which develops into loose connective tissue with high edema and forms the whole body with edema. Histological studies have proved that the so-called polyp is an inflammatory change of nasal cavity and sinus mucosa. .
? Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the occurrence of polyps is caused by damp-heat in lung meridian and nasal congestion. Many factors like thick taste, which leads to endogenous damp heat, steaming of lung and stomach, and ignorance of nose. Or because the nasal cavity has been invaded by internal damp heat for a long time, the lung meridian accumulates heat, which leads to impassability, and the moisture gradually accumulates in the nasal orifice, which cannot be dispersed and condenses into polyps. For this disease, western medicine has always believed that it belongs to tumors and the like. Once the polyp is formed, it must be surgically removed to relieve the blockage. Some patients have been removed several times, but with the increase of the number of operations, the number of polyps has increased even more. I don't know that the stimulation of surgical trauma is another important factor in the occurrence of polyps, and surgery has caused new injuries and complications to the nasal cavity. In the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, on the basis of previous experience in treating nasal polyps, we summarized a set of traditional Chinese medicine injection therapy, that is, the tumor roots retracted and then fell off from the roots. At the same time, the primary focus can be treated with drugs that disperse the lung, dredge the orifices, eliminate dampness and disperse the stagnation, which can treat both the symptoms and the root causes, and nasal polyps can achieve the goal of radical cure.
? Step 5: nosebleeds
? Nosebleed is not an independent disease, but a symptom that may appear in many diseases, and it is a common emergency in rhinology. A nosebleed is usually a small amount of bloodshot or blood in the nose. Repeated bleeding leads to anemia, and may also lead to shock due to massive blood loss.
? There are many reasons for nosebleeds, such as trauma, unclean fingers digging nose, intraoperative vascular injury, chronic inflammation of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, tumor, bloody cyst, nasal tuberculosis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and so on. Bleeding caused by other factors, such as: dry climate, high dust concentration, dry nasal mucosa and scab. Abnormal coagulation mechanism, poor permeability of blood vessel wall or thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, etc. In particular, tumors such as capillary hemangioma and nasopharyngeal angiofibroma can cause a lot of bleeding. Malignant tumors are often blood in secretions, such as erosion of large blood vessels. Can cause fatal bleeding.
? Children's bleeding is more common, generally due to overeating, often nose digging leading to vestibulitis or nasal septum capillary rupture bleeding. No matter what kind of bleeding, we should observe the color of blood and the amount of bleeding. Especially when there is blood in the nose or the first sputum when you get up early, you should see a doctor in time to find out the cause of bleeding, so as to find elbow tumor or cancer early.
Six, sinusitis
? Sinusitis is a common, frequently-occurring and difficult disease in rhinology. Often secondary to acute rhinitis, pathological changes refer to acute and chronic suppurative inflammation of sinus mucosa. In severe cases, it not only affects sinus mucosa and involves bones, but also causes complications of surrounding tissues and adjacent organs. Chinese medicine calls this disease "sinusitis". Sinusitis is related to the following factors:
1. Acute rhinitis is a common cause of sinusitis. Infection spreads through submucosal lymphatic vessels or the surface of sinus ostium, and improper blowing or sneezing can promote infection when nasal congestion occurs.
2, swimming or diving with infected sewage can be immersed in the sinus ostium.
3, tooth extraction or root infection: maxillary second bicuspid or root infection of the first and second molars, sinus wall damage or residual roots pushed into the sinus during tooth extraction can cause maxillary sinus inflammation. It is called odontogenic sinusitis.
4. Nasal fracture: Traumatic infection directly spreads into the sinuses through sinus wall fracture.
5, barometric rhinitis: flying in the playground, riding high-altitude lifting amusement machinery, due to high pressure mutation, the pressure inside and outside the sinus loses bone balance, causing mucosal congestion and infection.
6, nasal congestion: nasal septum deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, nasal packing, polyps, tumors and other inflammatory lesions caused by oppression of the sinus ostium.
7. Infections in neighboring areas: such as tonsillitis and adenoidal hypertrophy.
8. Systemic factors: excessive fatigue, cold and dampness, malnutrition, anemia and endocrine disorders. Will lead to this disease.
Sinusitis can be confined to one sinus, or it can involve multiple sinuses at the same time, such as maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus and sphenoid sinus. Besides nasal congestion and purulent nasal discharge, headache is a common symptom of sinusitis, which is called rhinogenic headache. Maxillary sinusitis is mainly manifested as cheek pain, and the headache is characterized by light in the morning and heavy in the afternoon: frontal sinusitis and forehead pain. Due to the lack of typical symptoms, sphenoid sinusitis is easy to be missed, so some people call it sphenoid sinus.
As a "forgotten sinus", it is often misdiagnosed as cerebrovascular disease and nervous headache, which makes the inflammation unhealed for a long time.
The disease can be divided into two types: excess syndrome and deficiency syndrome. Acute onset and short course of disease; Deficiency syndrome has a long course and is difficult to heal. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the excess syndrome is caused by wind-heat in lung meridian, loss of lung qi and emotional disorder, which leads to stagnation of liver qi, loss of gallbladder, stagnation of liver fire, or addiction to alcohol, fat and sweet things, endogenous damp heat, invasion of evil drugs along meridian, ignorance of nose, burning of sinus and thigh membrane, and turning rot into pus. Deficiency syndrome refers to deficiency of lung qi, adverse attack, retention of pathogenic toxin or improper diet, overwork, stagnation of thinking, loss of spleen health, deficiency of qi and blood biochemistry, prolonged stagnation of pathogenic toxin and deterioration of muscle membrane, which leads to sinusitis. However, whether it is deficiency or excess, it can cause blood circulation disorder of nasal cavity and sinus mucosa, blood stasis and qi stagnation, swelling and heat pain of mucosa, putrefaction and pus, and inflammation. Therefore, in the treatment, we put forward the methods of benefiting qi and promoting blood circulation, removing rot and removing blood stasis, and enlightening and detoxifying. Practice has proved that the combination of oral Chinese medicine and external Chinese medicine under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory not only has remarkable curative effect, but also is not easy to recur after recovery.
The occurrence of sinusitis has brought great inconvenience to patients' lives, such as fatigue, insomnia, dizziness, inattention, memory loss and other symptoms. Children are often stimulated by mouth-opening respiratory secretions, which often cause respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal symptoms, and can affect their intellectual and physical development.
Attachment: Complications of sinusitis
The complications of sinusitis are caused by the secondary infection of chronic sinusitis. Because there are abundant blood vessels and meridians between paranasal sinuses and adjacent organs, they are adjacent. And have interdependent special physiological structures. Acute or chronic sinusitis can cause craniofacial osteomyelitis, orbital infection and retrobulbar optic neuritis, ear complications, intracranial complications, respiratory and digestive tract complications. Chronic sinusitis may become the focus in the body, causing rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, nephritis and other diseases.
(1) Orbital complications are mostly caused by inflammation invading the sinus wall bone. It may become subperiosteal abscess, orbital cellulitis or posterior neuritis.
Orbital subperiosteal abscess is often caused by ethmoid sinus and frontal sinusitis, mostly caused by obstruction of sinus drainage or excessive bacterial toxicity. Some patients are due to sinus surgery, which destroys the bone of sinus wall and causes subperiosteal infection, thus forming subperiosteal abscess. Its manifestations are edema and congestion of eyes and face: ineffective eye movement or protruding eyes forward. Symptoms such as cold, fever, nausea and vomiting may occur.
Orbital cellulitis is caused by periosteal abscess penetrating periosteum and infecting orbital soft tissue. If it develops into cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis, symptoms such as septic body temperature and lethargy may appear, and the condition is even more dangerous.
Retrobulbar optic neuritis, due to the close relationship between posterior ethmoid sinus and sphenoid sinus and nerve, can extend to the optic nerve, or it can be caused by inflammatory edema pressing the optic nerve. Symptoms such as central blind spot and decreased vision may occur.
(2) ear complications
Nose and eustachian tube mucosa are closely related in anatomy, and their positions are close, so nasal diseases often affect eustachian tube, leading to middle ear and even mastoid lesions. Chronic sinusitis is usually an important cause of middle ear diseases. For chronic non-suppurative otitis media and chronic suppurative otitis media, the pathological changes of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses should be considered. Curing sinus diseases can often improve otitis media.
In short, a series of complications caused by delayed treatment or improper medication of sinusitis, such as craniofacial osteomyelitis, respiratory well, digestive system complications, intracranial complications, focal infection, etc., especially intracranial complications or focal infection, are not as common as other complications, but we should also pay attention to some diseases caused by sinusitis, such as retrobulbar neuritis, rheumatic fever, arthritis, myocarditis, nephritis, etc. It not only brings difficulties to medical workers, but also puts great pressure on patients mentally and economically. Therefore, the majority of patients with nasal diseases should enhance their awareness of self-protection and take good care of your nose for your health.
Seven, atrophic rhinitis
Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa, submucosa tissue and bones, which can be caused by soft tissue atrophy. In severe cases, the nasal cavity is wide, and dry scabs accumulate in the nasal cavity, which is caused by corrupt bacteria, also known as "smelly nose". Women are older than men: most of them are in adolescence.
This disease can be divided into primary and secondary.
1, which is generally believed to be related to nutrition, sanitary conditions, vitamin deficiency, endocrine disorder caused by fungal infection and estrogen deficiency. Due to the delayed treatment of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, ts cells were destroyed in some patients, and long-term treatment with ephedrine and hormones led to necrosis and atrophy of nasal mucosa.
2, secondary can find out the reason, such as:
(1) Injury of nasal mucosa and submucosa during nasal surgery. (2) Radiotherapy of nasal cavity tumor.
(3) Deviation of nasal septum and irritation of purulent secretion of sinusitis.
(4) Laser treatment of large area burn of nasal mucosa, vascular occlusion, damage and atrophy of mucosa, glands and nerve fibers.
(5) Delayed treatment of rhinitis sicca and epistaxis.
First, the causes and harm of drug-induced rhinitis
Drug rhinitis refers to nasal mucosal reflex syndrome caused by long-term drug abuse affecting nasal blood vessels. Clinically, persistent nasal congestion is the main symptom, and serious complications and systemic side effects may occur in the later stage. Its pathogenesis is that some drugs can directly or indirectly cause contraction and reverse reaction.
1, long-term nasal drops: long-term use of ephedrine due to nasal diseases: nasal drops. The effect of nasal drops used by patients is getting worse and worse, the dosage needed is getting bigger and bigger, the number of nasal drops is increasing, and the nasal congestion is getting worse and worse.
2, atomized inhalation of drugs: long-term application of aerosol to alleviate symptoms caused by pharyngitis and asthma. It is caused by rhinopulmonary reflex syndrome, nasopharyngeal obstruction and dyspnea.
3. Antihypertensive drugs: Long-term use of reserpine, hydralazine, guanidine, methyldopa, prazosin, and drugs for hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis. After treatment, most patients remained at the critical hypertension level, but their dizziness worsened, their nasal congestion became uncomfortable and their blood pressure rebounded.
4, cardiovascular drugs: long-term use of propranolol drugs and cardiovascular dilators, leading to rhinocardioreflex syndrome. The patient has rebounded recently. The patient first has a stuffy nose, then he is flustered, short of breath and has arrhythmia.
5, sex hormone drugs: due to sexual dysfunction or long-term application of certain diseases, symptoms such as nasal congestion and hip pain appear.
6, diet pills: especially diet tea containing hormones (the state has explicitly banned).
7. Antidepressants: such as taking hand sleeping pills, antipsychotics and tranquilizers for neurasthenia. After a long time, the patient will get stuffy nose and fidgety.
8. Taking painkillers such as aspirin for a long time can also cause this disease.
All the above drugs can act on the nerves or blood vessels of the turbinate, which makes the vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa intense and lasting, and can produce adverse reaction and secondary vasodilation. Dependence on drugs leads to drug-induced rhinitis over time. Self-conscious symptoms are mainly bilateral persistent nasal congestion. Patients with dry and uncomfortable nasal cavity may have nasal mucosa congestion to pallor, which is quite different. Typical patients have purple mucosa, narrow nasal cavity, excessive mucus secretion and shedding of nose hair. In severe cases, the mucosa is rubbery. Complications such as atrophic rhinitis, nasal polyps, sinusitis and otitis media may occur in the later stage. The use of vasoconstrictors in nasal cavity can also cause systemic side effects, such as congestion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral vasospasm, renal artery stenosis, arterial embolism of lower limbs, psychosis and toxic reactions, allergic reactions of nose, pharynx and larynx, etc.
Most people know that some nasal drops can promote the disease, while others are little known. A common clinical feature is that the primary focus of drug-induced rhinitis is relieved immediately after being cured, so it is necessary to be careful in choosing prescription and medication.
Second, the early signal of nasal cavity canceration
Malignant lesions of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are common. According to domestic statistics, nasal tumor ranks fifth among malignant mid-month tumors in the whole body, while nasopharyngeal carcinoma ranks first in plateau area. Canceration of nasal cavity is related to the following factors:
1, chronic inflammatory stimulation: Most patients with cancer have a history of chronic rhinitis and sinusitis for many years, which leads to long-term stimulation of nasal mucosa to metaplasia into squamous epithelium, which becomes the basis of cancer.
2, benign tumor malignant transformation: such as nasal induration, granuloma caused by fungal diseases, nasal polyps, inverted papilloma of the nose, etc. can be cancerous.
3. Exposure to carcinogens: Long-term exposure and discovery of viruses are the main pathogenic factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Therefore, the possibility of malignant transformation should be considered when the following changes occur to those who meet the above conditions:
1, long-term persistent nasal congestion on one side, progressive aggravation;
2, a lot of stinky snot;
3. Recently, there is often blood or snow in the nose, and nasal polyps often bleed; ;
4, recent facial headache or numbness, molar pain or looseness, and sometimes pus in the teeth:
5, from intermittent headache to continuous aggravation, or facial spasm with trigeminal nerve pain without cause in the original nasal disease;
6. I suddenly lost my sense of smell recently, and my breath has a strange smell; ：
7. Persistent oculomotor spasm, watery symptoms, or ectopic eyeball have recently appeared;
8. Outstanding unilateral hearing and vision loss;
If one or more symptoms appear on the basis of primary nasal diseases, precancerous or early signals should be prompted, which must be examined in detail, and those who are negative for more than three consecutive times can be excluded. But we can't talk about cancer discoloration, we can't check it indiscriminately, we should be selective and targeted, which will not only increase the economic and mental burden, but also often become an incentive to promote malignant transformation. According to the study of tumor pathogenesis, the occurrence of human cancer is the result of malignant transformation of cells under the action of various environmental factors and internal factors. Therefore, there should be a long period from the beginning of cell transformation to complete malignant transformation before canceration. At this stage, including the precancerous lesions of local histology and the precancerous state of the whole human body, the traditional Chinese medicine has always recognized and advocated: "Curing the terminally ill without curing the disease, curing the disease without curing the disease." In the treatment based on the primary disease, it is necessary to "nip in the bud". Clinically, the earlier the diagnosis, the better the curative effect, otherwise the best opportunity will be lost and we should take a warning.
Third, the characteristics and treatment of sinusitis in children
Children's sinusitis is common, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed because it is often not paid enough attention. The diagnosis and treatment of its etiology and pathological symptoms are different from those of adults. According to literature reports, children suffer from respiratory tract infections for more than 6-8 times a year on average, each time involving sinuses, most of them recover spontaneously, and about 5%6 patients can form chronic sinusitis. The characteristics of this disease are related to the different development of sinuses. Children can suffer from maxillary sinusitis and ethmoid sinusitis after birth, and the frontal sinus and sphenoid sinus will not develop until 2-3 years old, so the incidence of maxillary sinusitis is relatively higher than other sinusitis. The reason is that the ostium of children is relatively large, the mucosa is tender and weak, and it is easy to be infected. Coupled with weak resistance and poor adaptability to the outside world, it is easy to catch a cold and get this disease.
? The symptoms and signs of sinusitis in children are similar to those of common upper respiratory tract infection, and the diagnosis is difficult. It has the following characteristics, and the possibility of sinusitis should be considered; One is that the duration of symptoms exceeds 10 days, and the other is that respiratory inflammation occurs many times a year. Fever with purulent nasal discharge. X-ray film of sinus is of little diagnostic value for children under 5 years old.
? Acute sinusitis may include fever, cough, listlessness, restlessness, otitis media, nosebleeds and joint pain. Older children may complain of headaches. After the formation of chronic sinusitis, obstructive nasal sounds and mouth breathing appear, and mucus and snot are inexhaustible. Long-term nasal congestion and mouth breathing will affect the development of face and chest, and chronic maxillary sinusitis will also cause tooth development deformity.
? From birth to adulthood, children are in the process of continuous growth and development, and are different from adults in morphology, physiology and pathology. Children's sinusitis is not simply regarded as the epitome of adults. To sum up, its physiological characteristics are as follows: delicate viscera and qi deficiency; The vitality is vigorous and the development is rapid. In childhood, the morphological development and physiological functions of various organs are immature and imperfect, and the internal organs are relatively insufficient, especially the lungs, spleen and kidney. Pathologically, the main reaction is in two aspects: first, it is easy to get sick and change quickly. Second, the internal organs are clear and easy to recover. Because of the physiological and pathological characteristics of children, there are also differences in treatment. Treatment should be timely, correct and cautious, and it must be fast, accurate and appropriate. Children belong to the body of "juvenile yin, juvenile yang", so when the disease stops, they should stop treatment and not use drugs too much. Nasal vasoconstrictors are prohibited in infants and children under 6 years old should not be punctured and washed to prevent accidents.
? In a word, in the process of dialectical treatment, pediatric sinusitis said that "the root of a disease must be sought before it is treated", and we should pay attention to the main contradiction of the disease, and flexibly apply the principles of "treating both the symptoms and the symptoms" and "treating both the symptoms and the root causes" according to the specific situation of contradiction transformation. Give full play to children's own disease resistance and development expertise, and promote their early recovery.