Common symptoms of altitude sickness: headache, insomnia, loss of appetite, fatigue, dyspnea, etc.
Extended data:
I. Types of altitude sickness
The speed and degree of altitude maladjustment determine the clinical manifestations of acute relief of altitude sickness. Acute mountain sickness can be divided into three types, namely, acute altitude sickness, altitude pulmonary edema and altitude cerebral edema. They can cross or coexist with each other. Chronic mountain sickness, also known as Monch disease, is rare.
It mainly happens to people who live on the plateau for a long time or a few people who live above 4000 meters above sea level. There are four clinical types: chronic altitude sickness, altitude polycythemia, altitude blood pressure change and altitude heart disease. Acute and chronic altitude sickness is the lightest of acute and chronic altitude sickness.
Second, treatment of altitude sickness
(1) Acute altitude sickness
1, rest. Once acute altitude sickness is considered, climbing should be stopped, and bed rest and rehydration should be carried out before symptoms improve. Mild symptoms can be left untreated, and the symptoms will disappear after 2 weeks of general adaptation to/kloc-0.
2, oxygen therapy. After inhaling oxygen through nasal catheter or mask (1 ~ 2l/min), almost all cases' symptoms were relieved.
3. medication. Patients with headache should use aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen or procarbazide; When nausea and vomiting occur, intramuscular injection of procarbazine (or methylpiperazine); Those with severe reaction should be treated with drugs such as analgesia, sedation and antiemesis as appropriate, such as painkillers, diazepam and metoclopramide. Headache and vomiting can also be treated with "aminophenol" and "Xiaoou Ning". In severe cases, dexamethasone is taken orally or combined with acetazolamide.
4. Proper treatment. If the symptoms are not relieved or even aggravated, the patient should be moved to a lower altitude area as soon as possible, even if the altitude drops by 300m, the symptoms will be obviously improved.
(2) Chronic altitude sickness
1, handle it properly. If possible, you should move to the sea level area to live.
2, oxygen therapy. In severe cases, low-flow oxygen inhalation at night (1 ~ 2l/min) can relieve symptoms. Intermittent or continuous oxygen inhalation is allowed, and long-term oxygen inhalation is not recommended because it hinders the body from adapting to the anoxic environment. If necessary, mild diuretics such as acetaminophen or aminophylline can be used for treatment.
3. Drugs. Phthalidomide piperidone or ester acid A can increase oxygen saturation through progesterone.
4. Venous bloodletting. Bleeding can be used as a temporary treatment.
The basic principle of treatment is early diagnosis to avoid the development of severe altitude sickness. Mild patients have no special treatment, and most of them get completely adapted within 12 ~ 36 hours, and their symptoms naturally relieve or disappear.
Three, altitude sickness self-inspection method
Most people who have never been to the plateau don't know whether altitude sickness will happen, but this problem is also a concern of many people who want to go to the plateau, so here is a simple method for self-testing whether altitude sickness will happen for reference.
For example, blow the balloon continuously, blow the balloon to a diameter of 10cm or more at a time, and blow continuously 1 min.
Principle 1: Continuous balloon blowing will inevitably change the normal breathing rhythm, resulting in too long expiratory time, too short inspiratory time, and less fresh air intake, making the brain anoxic and dizzy. In addition, blowing balloons requires a certain intensity, which will increase intracranial pressure and stimulate dizziness.
Principle 2: Continuous balloon blowing will lead to hyperventilation, too much co2 in the blood will be discharged, which will increase the ph value in the blood, thus affecting the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen, resulting in insufficient endogenous oxygen. In addition, the decrease of co2 in blood and the increase of ph will inhibit breathing through nerve reflex, which will reduce the ventilation, and people will feel difficult to breathe, that is, they will feel breathless.
If you have obvious dizziness and difficulty breathing, it means that the probability of altitude sickness is relatively high. To go to the plateau, you should bring products to prevent endogenous oxygen shortage and prevent accidents.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-altitude sickness
Baidu encyclopedia-altitude sickness self-test method