With the gradual deepening of reform and the intensification of social competition, college students, as a special group, will encounter a series of problems in their growth, such as learning, making friends, falling in love, choosing a job and adapting to society. If it is not handled properly, it will affect mental health and suddenly appear psychological crisis. College counselors have more contact with students, and they are guides and guides for the healthy growth of college students. Psychological education for them has unique advantages. Therefore, how to carry out mental health education for college students, provide them with ways and methods of mental health, and promote their healthy growth is one of the focuses of counselors' work.
Keywords: How do counselors carry out psychological education
College counselors are the backbone of college students' education management, ideological and political workers, managers of daily life and psychological counselors, guiding and guiding the healthy growth of college students. Although college students are intellectually mature, their psychology is not yet fully mature. When the socio-economic structure, lifestyle, values, behavior patterns and many other aspects change, some of them are difficult to adapt, confused and at a loss, and their psychological load generally increases, resulting in a sudden psychological crisis. In the face of these situations, the person who can give them help and guidance at the first time is the counselor. Therefore, as college counselors, we should understand the growth needs of college students, be good at discovering students' abnormal psychology, implement psychological crisis intervention in education management, and carry out mental health education at work to promote the healthy growth of college students' body and mind. This paper expounds from the following four aspects.
1 counselors must understand and grasp the growth needs of college students and accurately implement psychological counseling.
Generally speaking, college students have five basic needs during their study. If they can meet these five basic needs, their psychological development is basically healthy. It will cause psychological problems. Therefore, correctly guiding the five basic needs of college students is the first step for counselors to do a good job in psychological counseling for students.
The need for psychological independence
This is the most basic demand of college students' adult life. In real life, some college students can't pass this test smoothly. Because, apart from reading, they don't know much about the outside world and lack certain social discrimination ability, so they can't judge and distinguish all kinds of things that appear in society. Once they enter a new environment, it's like entering a strange world. The contradiction that they want to be independent but don't know how to be independent often bothers them, and they will feel fear and insecurity psychologically. At this time, they especially need psychological support. As a psychological counselor, we should first help them eliminate their fears and gain a sense of security, and then guide them to gradually transition from a dependent state to an independent state, starting with the cultivation of basic self-care ability, so that they can successfully pass the first level.
1.2 the need to make friends
Everyone has the need to communicate with others, which is an important pillar to maintain individual physical and mental health. College students are in a period of psychological development eager for communication, understanding, acceptance and recognition, and communication needs occupy a prominent position in their psychological framework. However, most college students have been taken care of and pampered by their relatives and teachers since childhood, and seldom care about others. After coming to college, it is difficult to adapt to new groups for a while, and it is even more difficult to deal with interpersonal relationships. They are eager to make friends who can talk and communicate, but suffer from the lack of communication skills and methods, which will affect interpersonal relationships and learning. Therefore, counselors should help them become their first dialogue partners, teach them the principles and skills of interpersonal communication, and improve their interpersonal skills.
1.3 the necessity of learning method guidance
College students are in the transition period of study. From middle school to university, many students will have various psychological problems in their study due to the changes of environment and roles and learning methods. For example, the original study was mainly based on the basic knowledge of science and culture, while in universities, it was mainly based on learning professional knowledge. All kinds of knowledge are intertwined, and knowledge is not limited to the scope of teaching materials, so it is necessary to dabble in a certain amount of extracurricular knowledge, resulting in great learning pressure; Compared with the previous exam-oriented education, the learning style is flexible and diverse, which requires a fundamental change in learning style in order to complete their studies. Counselors spend a lot of time in contact with students, so that they can know the problems exposed by college students in their studies in time. Therefore, counselors should discuss the learning characteristics of universities with them, guide them to set clear learning goals and help them master scientific and effective learning methods, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of "all-round learning, autonomous learning, innovative learning and lifelong learning".
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This is the necessity of college students' physical maturity and psychological maturity. China's new marriage law stipulates that college students can get married while in school, which to some extent recognizes the legitimacy of college students' falling in love while in school. A survey of the sexual psychology of 200 higher vocational students in our college shows that 94.6% students have the need to communicate with the opposite sex; 93% students agree with the view that college students fall in love during school. Therefore, psychological counselors should encourage them to have normal sexual intercourse actively, improve their ability to communicate with the opposite sex, guide them to establish a correct concept of love, and be cautious about their sexual behavior, rather than categorically prohibiting them.
1.5 daily needs
What kind of job suits you and what kind of knowledge, ability and quality you need is a mystery to college students with insufficient social experience and no workplace experience. They are full of hopes and fantasies about the future, and they are hesitant and helpless about the direction of life. As a counselor, we should go deep into them, make the best use of the situation, help students understand themselves, guide them to realize the transition of their professional roles smoothly, make more practical career plans, complete the transition from students to professionals, and make their life orientation more accurate.
2 School counselors should be good at discovering abnormal psychology among students and intervening psychological crisis in time.
For counselors, every college student is a vivid life. How they grow up will directly affect the future of society and whether they will be happy in the future. Therefore, counselors should learn to be psychologists, be good at discovering abnormal psychological phenomena among students in educational management, and intervene in time with scientific and effective methods in order to be the shapers and defenders of students' psychology.
At the same time, as a counselor, we should understand that different students have different performances in the face of crisis due to their age, personality characteristics, growth experience and living environment, but they also have some regular performances and characteristics. For example, there are some abnormalities in words, deeds and emotional performance at school recently; Recent major events in family or school life; Some left-behind students and children from single-parent families are psychologically abnormal because of the lack of affection; I have committed suicide in my growing experience, and I have encountered some new contradictions in my life recently, which I can't solve; People with abnormal psychological tests. Student counselors who have the above performance should focus on four "timeliness": discover and master the changes and crises faced by students in time; Give timely protection and intervention within its power; Report the situation to relevant personnel in time; Timely consultation or referral can nip the crisis in the cradle, thus reducing and avoiding the occurrence of psychological crisis.
How do school counselors promote students' mental health development at work?
Counselors have many daily contacts with students and have a deep understanding of college students' endowments, interests, emotions and personalities. Therefore, to do a good job in mental health education for college students, counselors should not only understand the growth needs of college students, but also learn mental health knowledge, master the ways and methods of mental health education, improve the ability of mental health education, and promote the development of students' mental health.
3. 1 Good teacher-student relationship is the first step.
Establishing a good teacher-student relationship is to leave a good first impression on students, which is called the first cause effect in psychology. Specific to the work of counselors should pay attention to the following points: 1) do a good job in the reception of freshmen. College students are eager to talk to their teachers and get psychological care. Therefore, from the moment freshmen enter school, counselors should establish good relations with students. 2) Help students solve practical difficulties. When students encounter difficulties in their study and life, counselors should try their best to help them; 3) Be students' bosom friends. Pay attention to students' psychological growth and promote the communication between teachers and students; 4) Set an example. Being calm and setting an example is the basis of establishing a good relationship between teachers and students.
3.2 Students' psychology is easy to vary from person to person, so suit the remedy to the case.
In real life, different students have different personalities. For example, some students are strong and confident, tolerant and open-minded; Some feel inferior; Some students are weak-willed Counselors should study and analyze students' psychological activities in their work, classify students' personalities and behaviors, and distinguish different students' psychological activities. According to the truth, college students today should be a very happy generation. They are the darling of the family and social darling. But we should see that they will also have troubles and pressures. For example, the cost of going to college now is relatively high, and the economic pressure of students with financial difficulties in their families is relatively high; The current employment system for college students, self-employment, high requirements for talent quality, fierce market competition and great employment pressure for college students will bring psychological pressure to students and produce various psychological problems.
As college counselors, it is very important to prescribe the right medicine for different people and solve students' psychological problems. In our daily work, we sometimes regard students' psychological problems as moral problems and solve them by solving ideological problems. Therefore, counselors should study and analyze students' psychology, and prescribe the right medicine for different people, instead of simply using the same method. Only in this way can we solve the problems in students' hearts in time, and only in this way can counselors get twice the result with half the effort.
3.3 to carry out collective activities, mental health education and guidance for college students.
Carrying out various collective activities is one of the main ways to educate students. This method can also be used for mental health education and guidance of college students. For example, in view of the lack of teamwork spirit of some students, organize students to carry out tug-of-war competitions or help each other in the same boat; In view of students' weak ability to withstand setbacks, we can carry out various competitions in the class, provide them with opportunities for contact, promote communication platforms and create harmonious interpersonal relationships. Through group activities, let them experience success and failure, enhance team awareness, improve interpersonal and communication skills, and cultivate a sound personality.
3.4 They seek success, build confidence and improve their ability to resist setbacks.
From a psychological point of view, everyone likes to be recognized by others. "The deepest need of human nature is to long for others' appreciation", and college students are no exception. Therefore, when establishing classes and youth league committees, counselors should face all students and give them a platform to show their quality. You can take turns to be a class Committee cadre and a cadre. Students will enhance their self-confidence and stimulate their potential because of the change of roles and psychological satisfaction. At the same time, counselors should not only give them opportunities and confidence, but also cultivate and exercise their ability to withstand setbacks. Because, in the face of failure, many college students will feel overwhelmed, negative and depressed. Xx students in our college are very depressed because they lost two consecutive cadre elections. When she was helpless, the author gave her comfort and encouragement, which enabled her to walk out of failure and rejoin the new round of student cadre elections, and finally achieved success. Counselors should tell students that success will lead to failure, realize the inevitability of setbacks, face setbacks with a positive attitude and improve students' ability to resist setbacks.
3.5 Apply the incentive mechanism to improve the educational effect.
Motivation refers to the psychological and behavioral process that people produce an internal driving force and develop towards the expected goal under the stimulation of certain stimuli. Motivation is the best way to promote students' positive motivation. Every college student has a desire to make progress. When a student suffers failure and psychological helplessness, what he needs most is motivation and help. If a failed student is severely criticized, satirized and ridiculed by the teacher, then he will lose confidence; If the counselor uses inspiring language and patient help, then he will continue to work hard and pursue success. An approving look, a satisfied smile and a positive gesture are all inspiring or successful experiences for students. Even if it is the best performance of students occasionally, counselors should praise and affirm it in time. Use the incentive mechanism to praise students more and criticize students less; Understand more and misunderstand less; More tolerance, less care; Pay more attention to it and wait for it to get a good educational effect.
College counselors should be models of college students' mental health.
Because of the tedious work, great pressure and mental fatigue of counselors, and the influence of family, children and emotions, they often have emotional troubles, and sometimes they vent their anger on students, causing psychological pressure on students. Therefore, college counselors should master the methods of self-psychological adjustment, release psychological pressure in time, infect and influence students with a healthy attitude, and be a demonstrator of students' mental health. Give yourself a good mood and a healthy and happy job every day; Create space for students' mental health development, let them live healthily on campus, grow up happily and finish their college studies.
refer to
[1] Ran Chaofeng, Huang Tiangui. Mental health and growth of vocational college students. [M]。 Beijing: Science Press. 2005 (0 1)。
[2] Zhai Rui. Mental journey [M]. Sichuan: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Press. 2005 (0 1)。
[3] Wu Xinchun. Psychology of higher education [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press.
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