Keywords: debugging strategy of college students' mental health standards
China Library Classification. G444 document identification code a1674-4810 (2011) 24-0016-02.
The university stage is an important development stage of life, and the task is arduous. With the rapid development of social economy, the pace of people's life is accelerating, the competition is becoming more and more fierce, and interpersonal relationships are becoming more and more complicated. As a result, college students nowadays often "fall into the contradiction of personal problems". Due to problems such as study, love and interpersonal relationship, college students are psychologically unhealthy, and they cannot face their real life, study and work with a positive attitude, resulting in various psychological problems.
Common psychological problems of college students
University is a stage from immaturity to maturity. On the one hand, college students are physically mature, on the other hand, they have just left their parents' control and sought psychological independence and self-pursuit. For students who have just entered the university, this is a process of psychological maturity and perfection, so at this stage, college students often have various psychological problems.
It is common for college students to have various psychological problems, but the psychological problems reflected by college students at different stages are different. Generally speaking, freshmen mainly have problems of new life and psychological adaptation, as well as problems of study and interpersonal communication. Problems such as interpersonal communication, study, emotion and love are common in grade two; The third grade is mainly manifested in self-expression development and ability training, interpersonal communication, love and emotion; In the fourth grade, there are many problems such as choosing a job and applying for a job, as well as problems such as love, future development and ability training.
1. Psychological adaptation problem
Most freshmen who have just entered the university are far away from familiar families and come to strange environments for the first time. First of all, we must face the adaptation in life and learn to take care of ourselves; The biggest problem is their own psychological adaptation. For example, I feel that there is a big gap with my classmates in study, not as good as my classmates in interpersonal communication, and not as good as my classmates in popularity, especially for those students who are excellent in high school and are very popular with their parents. This huge psychological gap often plagues freshmen. A large number of surveys and practices show that no matter what kind of colleges and universities, there are always quite a few students who have many problems in study, love, self-management and interpersonal relationships. In fact, maladjustment is puzzling a considerable number of college students, causing them to have different degrees of psychological obstacles. Research shows that 30% ~ 40% of freshmen have psychological disorders due to maladjustment.
At present, the psychological adaptation problems of freshmen are mainly manifested in the contradiction between pride and inferiority, the contradiction between longing for communication and loneliness, the contradiction between independence and dependence, and the contradiction between ideal and reality. , which leads to a series of psychological symptoms, such as exam syndrome and learning maladjustment, as well as social fear syndrome, authority fear syndrome and heterosexual fear syndrome in interpersonal relationships. It can be seen that the problem of psychological adaptation is obviously higher than other psychological obstacles, especially among freshmen, maladjustment has become the primary and common problem for students.
2. Interpersonal communication problems
Interpersonal relationship mainly refers to the psychological relationship between people formed in the process of using language or nonverbal symbols to exchange opinions and ideas and express their feelings and needs. It is based on emotion. Research shows that college students' interpersonal skills are generally not high. The university is an open campus, and good interpersonal communication is one of the compulsory courses for college students. However, students who have passed the exam-oriented education in middle schools often have problems in interpersonal communication. After entering the university, with the change of environment and the gradual maturity of individuals, the scope and requirements of interpersonal relationships have also been greatly improved. Modern college students should not only learn to associate with people they like, but also keep friendly relations with people they don't like. If you can't do this, you will go your own way and act according to your habits, which will inevitably lead to interpersonal tension. Especially those students who are introverted and have low self-esteem, often feel that they are troubled by interpersonal problems, do not know and dare not communicate with others actively, and are afraid to speak in public. These students are often eager to communicate with others and want to make friends, but they can't find a suitable method and are psychologically timid.
In the process of interpersonal communication, there will also be college students who feel that they don't get along well with their classmates and roommates, don't like their behavior habits and are difficult to get along with, but it is inevitable to study and live with these students, which will cause problems in college students' interpersonal communication, thus causing other psychological discomfort.
3. Psychological troubles caused by love
The psychological factors of college students' love include emotional satisfaction, conformity psychology and comparative psychology. After entering the university campus, college students have gained great freedom in psychology and life, and their emotional needs suppressed by the pressure of study and further education in middle school have been met through love, showing three characteristics: popularization, openness and younger age. Although other college students have not been in love for the time being, they still have expectations for love because of herd mentality, especially students with slightly poor self-esteem and psychological inferiority often lose their sense of value because of unrequited love or failure in pursuing the opposite sex, and loneliness and loss will also emerge, thus causing strong psychological pressure.
In addition, campus love is very common, and college students are at the age of falling in love, but many college students can't handle relationships well because of their immature thoughts. Contradictions in love will not be properly handled, especially when you are lovelorn. Once lovelorn, their emotions, self-awareness, interpersonal relationships, study and life will be affected to varying degrees, resulting in a lot of psychological pressure.
4. Job hunting troubles
Psychological problems in job hunting and fierce employment competition have caused great psychological pressure on students, especially students with average grades and skills and general family background, who are prone to psychological problems such as anxiety, conceit, cowardice, inferiority and utilitarianism. It is difficult for students to locate what they are suitable for and what they can do in career choice. Whether one's ideal can be realized, whether one can find a unit that suits one's interests and has a superior environment, whether the employer can choose by himself, what to do if the employer refuses, what to do if the parents disagree with the unit he likes, what to do if the wrong unit is chosen, and so on, shows great blindness and contradiction.
5. Personality and emotional problems
The causes of college students' psychological problems are also related to their own personality and character. Some students with low self-esteem, conceit and anxiety are more likely to have serious psychological problems when they encounter environmental changes, occasional poor academic performance and occasional setbacks. Some students' mood changes fluctuate greatly, but they don't realize that their mood changes have affected the students around them; In addition, some college students don't know how to deal with their "bad emotions" when they encounter setbacks. When they encounter something unsatisfactory, they will choose to escape, or they don't know what to do or how to ask for help, which leads to a long-term depressed and negative psychological state.
Second, the measurement standard of college students' mental health
Health is not only the absence of disease and weakness, but also a good and complete state of physical, psychological and social adaptation. To measure a person's health, we must consider it from three aspects: physiology, psychology and behavior. Mental health refers to an individual's effective and satisfactory adaptation to the environment. In this state, human life is full of vitality, human potential is developed and human value is realized. According to the four signs of mental health proposed by the World Federation of Mental Health: (1) physical, intellectual and emotional harmony; (2) Adapting to the environment and giving in to each other in interpersonal relationships; (3) Have a sense of happiness; (4) Give full play to one's abilities in work and occupation and lead an efficient life. The criteria for judging college students' mental health should take into account both internal and external aspects: externally, they can maintain harmonious interpersonal relationships and be willing to communicate, maintain a strong interest in learning and thirst for knowledge, maintain good environmental adaptability, and maintain age-appropriate psychological behavior; Internally, it refers to sound psychological function, correct self-cognition and self-acceptance, the ability to adjust and control emotions to maintain a good mentality, and the ability to maintain a complete and unified personality quality.
Third, the debugging strategies of college students' psychological problems
How should college students solve these psychological problems? To deal with psychological problems, we should actively learn the knowledge of mental health and psychological problems, correctly understand mental health and psychological problems, establish a scientific concept of health, and master some methods of identifying psychological problems and commonly used psychological debugging methods. Treat psychological problems with a scientific and rational attitude. When you find psychological troubles, take the initiative, actively and timely to the school psychological counseling institutions for psychological counseling and psychotherapy.
1. Self-psychological debugging
Self-psychological adjustment can help college students to adjust and control themselves when they encounter difficulties, setbacks and psychological conflicts, so as to resolve difficulties, eliminate troubles and improve their mood.
College students should learn to release themselves, adjust themselves, learn to look at problems dialectically, and solve their unhappiness in time, which is an effective way to ensure mental health. Through positive emotional catharsis, self-comfort, talk, reading, exercise, etc., release overly depressed emotions. In addition, you can learn how to relax your body through practice, let yourself feel peaceful and calm, and eliminate all kinds of bad emotions. The commonly used methods are muscle relaxation training, mind relaxation training and relaxation exercise.
First, pay attention to transfer adjustment. College students should actively participate in various activities in their spare time, enrich their life and life experience, increase their social experience, constantly enhance their interpersonal skills in practical activities, constantly improve their interpersonal relationships, and improve their ability to resist setbacks and adapt to society. If you are in a bad mood and have troubles, you can go out to participate in some entertainment activities, chat with friends, change the environment and change your mentality, because fresh stimulation can make people forget bad emotions.
Second, reasonable exhaust regulation. Venting one's emotions on appropriate occasions can also play a psychological role. Therefore, we should learn to vent our emotions reasonably. When you are under psychological pressure or in a bad mood, you can find an empty place to shout out unhappy things and release depressed emotions and pressures. Or have a good cry. Studies show that people who often cry are healthier than those who seldom cry. However, when venting emotions, we should pay attention to the object, place, occasion and way of venting. Never vent your emotions at will, and take it out on others or things for no reason, resulting in adverse consequences.
Third, relax training. When we feel depressed, we can find a quiet place, sit or lie down, relax, smile, close our eyes gently, and then relax from top to bottom. After the whole body is relaxed, naturally recall the causes of boredom in your heart, as well as the ideological changes, attitudes and interpersonal relationships around you after the problems appear. By changing your imagination and relaxing your mood, maybe you will suddenly be enlightened and let the long-accumulated bad emotions come to an abrupt end.
Fourth, the psychological adjustment of communication. Talking with friends is very important for a person's physical and mental health, so when we encounter something unsatisfactory, don't bear it alone. We should chat with friends more often and pour out our hearts. In addition, improving the initiative of interpersonal communication, letting others know about you, changing your sincerity into others' sincerity, and actively communicating with others when encountering problems or seeking help from classmates and teachers will have a good psychological adjustment effect.
2. Establish a trinity network of school, family and society.
Improving the mental health level of college students requires the joint efforts of schools, families and society to create a good atmosphere for students.
First, on the one hand, schools can offer mental health education courses to enable students to acquire correct and scientific psychological knowledge; On the other hand, the establishment of mental health education institutions, as well as mental health consultation and counseling, so that students have the right channels to solve psychological problems and provide psychological support for students. For example, for the common problems among students, such as anxiety and interpersonal relationships, schools can solve them through regular group psychological counseling.
Second, to improve the mental health level of college students, we should also give full play to the advantages of social psychological counseling institutions. Students are often less concerned about the psychological problems of institutional counseling in society. Schools can cooperate with social psychological counseling institutions and let them participate in solving the psychological health problems of college students. Therefore, family, school and society must form a joint force, especially family education and school education should be unified.
Thirdly, the school's mental health education should also extend to families, and parents should strive to improve their understanding of children's mental health education, so that mental health education can break through campus boundaries and extend to families and society, forming a network system combining schools, families and society.
refer to
[1] Jia Xiaobo. The essence and mechanism of psychological adaptation [J]. Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Social Science Edition) 2001(1):19 ~ 21
[2] Zhang Li. Analysis of Freshmen's Psychological Adaptation and Educational Countermeasures [J]. Science and Education Herald (last issue) 20 1 1(8)
[3] Sheng Jie. Investigation and Reflection on Interpersonal Relations of Contemporary College Students [J]. Vocational Education Research, 2009(3)
[4] Liu Lan, Li Ming. Coping analysis of interpersonal psychological barriers of contemporary college students [J]. Information, 2009( 18)
[5] Li? Yang Yang. A summary of contemporary college students' love psychology research [J]. Inheritance (Social Edition), 20 1 1(8)
[6] Zhuang Min and Jiang Feng. Research on the psychological problems of college students in job hunting [J]. Journal of Xuzhou Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2007(7)
[7] Jin Lai. Vocational College Graduates' Employment Psychological Problems and Adjustment [J]. China Electric Power Education, 2009(5)
[8] Duke Zhou. Analysis of the mental health of higher vocational students from the perspective of ideological and political education [J]. Journal of Liaoning Vocational University, 20 10(6)
[Editor: Wang Yifu]