Regarding the vomiting method, Huangdi Neijing says that "the highest person, so the higher; If you go down, you will be exhausted. Some commentators think that the word "Yue" refers to vomiting; In the book, it is believed that "pungent dispersion is yang and bitter overflow is yin", and that "vomiting" (vomiting) needs sour and bitter medicine. In Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Zhang Zhongjing also pointed out that "it is cold in the chest when the head is painless, the neck is not firm, the pulse is slightly floating, the chest is swollen and hard, and the breath is rushing to the throat", and he mentioned that it should be spit out with "Guatisan". Throughout the history of traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years, only Zhang, one of the "four masters in Jin and Yuan Dynasties", has a unique emphasis on vomiting. He pointed out that all diseases are "evil spirits", so the cure is nothing more than sweating, vomiting and purgation; If we say "tonic", we can only rely on diet rather than medical academic propositions. But in fact, it can be said that he abstracted the concept of vomiting, and it can also be said that he returned to the original intention of "the highest, so he surpassed it"-"If you spit, spit, sneeze and chase, everyone who goes up will vomit." In a word, although vomiting method ranks among the "three methods of attacking evil" in China traditional medicine, it is only famous and its reality is incomparable.
Under the direct and indirect influence of the academic thought of harmony, a group of doctors devoted to the study and pursuit of vomiting appeared in the Edo period, and there appeared medical monographs such as Yongfu Temple and Fangtukao.
1 general situation of medical vomiting in edo
Under the influence of the retro trend of thought, Goto Genshan (1659 1733), Kagawa An Xiu (1683 1755) and Yamato Toyo (1705/kloc-0) appeared in the middle of the Edo period. They think that Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases is the correct way to use medicine according to what diseases, but they despise Huangdi Neijing and Difficult Classics and emphasize the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine such as Yin and Yang, five elements, viscera and meridians. Deny China's medical development since the Six Dynasties, especially after the Song Dynasty. These medical figures, who were later called "Ancient Prescription School", emphasized "attacking evil" and opposed "warming up" in treatment, but the methods used were basically limited to sweating and purgation. The theory and practical application of vomiting have not been paid attention to, and the special research and application of vomiting began in Haruka Okura, Qian Yue (Fukui Prefecture) (1687 176 1 year). In his life, "he has never left the countryside, and his skills have been unique for decades." At the age of 40, Guati and Veratrum were used as emetic, first by relatives, then by his wife, and then widely used. But people around him are either surprised or laughing, or suspicious or disbelieving, which makes him "very sleepy and wants to change careers for three years." At the age of 60, the patient began to believe it gradually, thus "traveling north and south".
Xuankan, the son of Toyo shinya yamanaka, an ancient scholar, and his disciple Yongfu Du Xiaoan made a special trip to study at the gate of the Olympic Village. Since then, Du Xiaoan has written a Textual Research on Local Soil (1763), with the preface of Yamanaka Xuankan. Here, Keno Yuankai, an eclectic doctor in Hanlan, invested in the village and wrote the Compilation of Local Soil (1764), and Jiagujiaozhou wrote the Summary of Local Law (1808). Hui Mei's "Three Whites" compiled "Private Records of Local Soil"; Ryazai Kitamura, a disciple of the Western Qin Dynasty, made good use of vomiting, and wrote "On Vomiting" (18 17) and other works devoted to vomiting. Dou Fan's doctor, Guru Tiangong, discussed the vomiting method in his book A Guide to Treating Diseases. Textual research scientist Duo Jiyuanjian listed a chapter on emesis in Medicine for Treatment (1839), and sorted out and commented on the relevant theories in Chinese medical works.
Looking at the motives and academic origins of these tucao studies and advocates, there are generally three situations. First of all, the most important thing is to stand on the standpoint of the ancient school and aim at realizing the three methods of attacking evil: sweating, vomiting and purgation. As Ryoji Okura said:
"The art of ancient medicine is here. Thinking, sweating, vomiting and diarrhea are the contours of doctors. For thousands of years, Zhang Zhongjing, Zhang and others have done it alone. Although others may sweat and drop, they don't say anything until they vomit. Can't sink (sink), this is also. "
Kitamura Ryuzhai said: "The three methods are dominant, and there are three feet in the tripod, which are indispensable."
Secondly, Huimei Sanbai, who advocates independent spitting in Kansai region, has a tendency to integrate Buddhist thought. He often said: "Lodging food is more harmful than lust, and the only way to save it is vomiting"; "four hundred and four diseases are based on accommodation"; "All kinds of causes have the most diets, and vomiting is a shortcut to get rid of the disease."
The third is the potential influence of Lan Fang (Dutch medicine). According to Three Sides of Helping Health translated by Chengqing Sugita, Lan Fang regards vomiting as one of the three basic therapies. This is because they think that vomiting is a natural phenomenon to show the disease state in the body and a natural function to prevent the disease in the initial stage or process, so "vomiting is a natural therapy". It can be applied to many diseases, including children. At that time, vomiting and cold water perfusion were the important methods to treat mental illness. Although I don't know whether Kano Yuankai, an eclectic figure in Hanlan Jing, was influenced by Lanfang when he wrote The Collection of Indigenous Laws, Japanese medical historians admit that the two therapies he advocated, namely "pricking collaterals" and "pricking collaterals", which are called one of the three basic therapies in Three Aspects of Jisheng, were influenced by Lanfang. At the same time, it should be considered that the so-called potential influence may exist in another form, that is, after learning that Lan Fang attaches importance to spitting, she tries to find the equivalent content out of the psychological need of loving local culture-in order to prove that her culture is superior, at least not backward, as much as foreign culture.
Du is a man.
The author of "Earth House Examination" is Yongfu Du Xiaoan (1732 1766), whose real name is Feng Jie and Chaoyang. Originally the son of Cui Weng Fujiwara, a Confucian, he said: "I have lived in the west of Nagato all my life, grew up in the middle of the west, worshipped the festival of the ancients, read the books of sages, and had no teachers and friends in the bitter and cold land." 1 1 year-old traveled to Kyoto and didn't meet anyone who could be a teacher. After returning to his hometown in the west, he became the adopted son of Yongfu Youan, a doctor who studied Li Dongyuan's prescriptions. 13 years, he also studied in Defoe, where he studied Inoue in Zhu Danxi. Therefore, it can be seen that Du Xiaoan's road to study medicine started from the door of post-study, and started from the medicine of pear and bamboo. At this time, he also studied Confucianism with Nan Zhou, a famous scholar in Shan County. The following year, I went to Edo to study abroad, but I kept seeing Japanese doctors, and all I saw was "greed", "bad for people's lives", depression and "aversion to doctors". /kloc-in 0/7, he returned to the west on orders from Jia Jun, but he couldn't get along well with his neighbors, so he went to Diefu again to resume his studies with Mr. Nan Zhou. At this time, my aversion to medicine was even stronger, so I returned to my hometown and opened a private school to teach the Six Confucian Classics.
Later, a colleague came back from Beijing and was surprised to see that he taught the Six Classics as a profession. He asked, "Doctor Zi, but talking about Confucianism is harmful to fame?" Du Xiaoan replied, I have studied the book of medical prescriptions for five years, and I have visited all the teachers, knowing that it is not beneficial to people's lives, so I will refuse it. His colleague smiled: "I know that it is not good for doctors, and the unknown is also good for doctors." He also introduced to him that two famous doctors, Kagawa An Xiu and Yamanaka Toyo, are opening their doors to recruit talents from all over the world. So Du Xiaoan once again entered the capital from the East, and entered the East Gate, the pioneer of the ancient school, to study. In view of Du Xiaoan's limited understanding of pear and bamboo medicine and his strong desire to despise doctors and respect Confucianism, Toyo preached the following two points. The first is to denounce the shortcomings of later generations' medical prescriptions, saying that "it is not a day for people to die"; Only Zhang Zhongjing's medical skill is the right way to save lives. Secondly, he said, "The husband pays tribute to Huo Zhi and the son pays tribute to rice. Why did he teach sentences before becoming a scholar? " ? Learning Tao, ambition; Practice medicine, too. Why not? "Ann is the only one who listens." I can't spit out my tongue and I'm sweating like a pig. The taste of life is determined from the beginning. "So I studied in his school for a year. From Mr. Toyo's" Life and Death, Extinction and Sinking ",I learned something very different from what I learned in the past. "
After returning to the west the following year, he swam in Lang Hua (Osaka). Every day, dozens of people come to the house for treatment and punish them with what they have learned from Toyo's teacher. Croton, kansui, calomel and aconite are all used, but "it is either urgent treatment, sudden onset, or early urgency, or long-term service is not beneficial to the disease, or long-term service is harmful." So I began to know that there is a chance for doctors to open and close, although there is an incurable disease in Bian () Cang (Chunyuyi). "When I was 2 1 year old, I heard that there was a well-built warehouse in Vietnam, and I made good use of it, so I packed my things and asked for advice.
Du Xiaoan stayed with Mr. Omura for two months and then returned to Kyoto. After teaching Mr. Toyo, the teacher, the vomiting method he learned, he returned to his hometown in the west and believed that he had mastered three methods of sweating and vomiting by ancient holy doctors. However, in his personal experiments in the following years, after applying the three methods to various difficult diseases, "it is difficult to know medicine at first." At this time, Du Xiaoan really mature. On the one hand, it cut off communication with fair-weather friends, "ups and downs, starting from medical records"; On the other hand, I finally realized that it is impossible to "cure all diseases" whether it is "later generations" or "ancient prescriptions". Therefore, he evaluated his progress over the years as "knowing incurable diseases and treatable diseases"; And in terms of understanding, it has risen to the name of "people who have a deep understanding of the so-called ancient medical way should vomit with sweat". But now this ancient recipe that is about to be sweated is really embarrassing. "
At the age of 29, he left home because of illness, and he was rich in the west and prepared for the east, wandering around and recuperating. In the 12th year of Bao Li (1762), he went west to Nagasaki to study western medicine. From then on, he settled in Osaka, where he wrote in addition to his medical career. However, in poor health, he died of cold hernia in He Ming's third year (1766) at the age of 35.
Looking at Du Xiaoan's self-reported life and experience as a doctor, the most important feeling can be described as "it is difficult to be a doctor"! At the end of his book Wandering Miscellanies, it says:
"In the meantime, I was diagnosed as a disease of stagnation and waste, and I was worried by ten thousand people in Qian Qian. Alas, I have been diagnosed for more than a year, and my skills are clumsy. It's hard to know what is easy to understand. "
3 Du Xiaoan's academic characteristics
From studying the medicine of pear and bamboo, the so-called Du Xiao Temple entered the medical field from the door of later generations, and changed the road because it turned to the door of Shandong. Although there is also a "master-apprentice translocation" between them-Du Xiaoan taught Toyo the method of spitting that he learned from Okura, there is always admiration for Mr. Toyo between the lines of Du Xiaoan's works. For example, in Wandering Miscellanies, we can see the following words praising the oriental mountains:
"The stagnation of river leakage in Shandong Province will benefit from the river leakage and spit it out. That is, when the spit has not been said, there is already a spit in the chest. "
"Shandong Yang can take an examination of Treatise on Febrile Diseases with Sanchengqi decoction, which is good. I have been alone for two thousand years. "
"Shandong foreign news said that his doctor turned the prescription for no reason, and then ridiculed Sun: the doctor turned."
At the same time, we can also see the recognition of the basic academic thoughts of the ancient school:
"Anyone who wants to learn ancient medical methods should read Treatise on Febrile Diseases first, then choose a tutor and try the facts. If you use it for five years, if you use it for ten years, you will be deeply impressed and unforgettable, and it will naturally mature. Otherwise, it is useless to read hundreds of millions of books. "
"What is the ancient medical way, and it is also the same."
"You don't have to read more. It is enough to pillow a book on febrile diseases. "
"My book of medical prescriptions, except Treatise on Febrile Diseases, is not fraudulent, and it has been several times since ancient times. If you don't know the goods, you can't see the difference. "
It is precisely because of his reverence for Zhang Zhongjing's ancient medical prescriptions that Du Xiaoan devoted himself to the pursuit and research of vomiting, thus forming his academic characteristics and writing a book "An Examination of Prescriptions and Soil". Du Xiaoan introduced the origin, indications and effective prescriptions of using local soil in the Textual Research of Local Soil with no more than 2000 words, and pointed out that the following points should be paid attention to when using local soil:
(1) In summer and winter, please cultivate yourself. You can also avoid the time when you spit out the situation. But use it if you have to.
(2) Drink white soup when you vomit, and vomit when you drink it. Using the method of "probing vomiting" can achieve the effect of inducing vomiting quickly. Otherwise, day after day, day after day, exhausted.
(3) After vomiting, recuperate for three to five days.
(4) It is also a principle to treat Gu Yan's disease by vomiting on the diaphragm. Actually, it's not limited to this.
(5) For some diseases, vomiting is used to promote their rapid death.
According to Textual Research on Local Soil, Du Xiao 'an learned local soil from Aocun, including Guadi Powder, Radix Platycodi White Powder in Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and several prescriptions such as Zaojiao Pill, Kushen Decoction and Blue Juice. Interestingly, after personal experiments, he actually proved that only Guati, who lives in Aocun, has a therapeutic effect: "Before going to Vietnam in 21 years, I will meet Aocun Weng, and I will be spit out. I came back from Qian Yue and collected melons from all directions, but it was useless. Only what is produced before the leap can spit. Weng was born in the ground, what is heaven? " This is supported by the research report on the effective components of modern drugs:
Dr Tsukiji, a Japanese medical doctor, said that its active ingredient is melon toxin, which can stimulate vomiting center and cause vomiting. Especially in Japan, it is serious and dramatic. Moderate consumption will only cause vomiting, and excessive consumption will lead to gastroenteritis. After the pro-test experiment, he also criticized the lies taught by the teacher in Wandering Miscellanies:
"Omura Wengri: epileptic vomiting, sprinting. After Yu Xigui came back, he tried dozens of people, only one or two more. The doctor's birthday is the same, even if it is overnight. "
At the same time, he also frankly described Shi Cong's five failures in "An incurable disease" after returning to China:
First of all, John Doe is ill, coughing, hot flashes and muscular atrophy (tuberculosis). "Spit up a few liters, sleep for one night, all the symptoms disappear, and die in three days."
Secondly, men are sick, choking, unable to eat or drink (esophageal cancer). "spit for a few minutes, spit for a day, the diet returned to normal, and suddenly died during the day";
Third, Anonymous's illness is abdominal distension and radial abdomen (ascites due to cirrhosis). "spit a few liters of filth, then go down, abdominal distension is reduced, a few days are different, and die decades later";
Fourth, the man is sick and breathless. He is "unable to speak, his hands and feet are slightly cold, his forehead is sweating, his pulse is heartbroken, and he is eager to get rid of musk";
Fifth, men's conditions are as above. After taking the medicine, he "probed with a chicken feather, and didn't throw up from the beginning to the evening, so I returned shyly."
Of course, there are also many cases in which it took a lot of effort to break an arm and pass the test. For example:
"A woman, a few days after the epidemic, was sleepy, unable to eat, her eyes were uncoordinated, she was lazy, and she always hated catching a cold, as if she was going to get sick again. Press the abdomen, be careful that there is animal (stored) water under it, even the chest and abdomen are full of pain and the pulse is delayed. That was five times. I vomited bitterly, and several liters of yellow water were poured in. The next day, I was suddenly angry and drunk. " Objectively speaking, the "vomiting method" did not make Du Xiaoan get the actual effect of being immune or adding wings to the tiger in the treatment. What is remarkable is his persistent pursuit and research on vomiting methods. At the same time, he is completely different from the "extreme figure" of the ancient school who completely denies the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Although the treatise on febrile diseases is highly praised, it is still eclectic academically. For example, he pointed out at the beginning of the "Earth Test" that "for people in this line, knowing the dead and hopeless is the first meaning." Without naming and criticizing, it is pointed out that doctors such as Jidong are first-class in medical judgment, and they only care about attacking evil spirits with poison, which is not a formal "ancient prescription", in order to safeguard the honor of the ancient prescription, and "correct the name": "World doctors can't die without knowing it, sweat and spit out mistakes, and take the name of cruelty, not the crime of the ancient prescription."
Then talk about:
"If you want to die, you should examine the excess and deficiency of your abdomen. If it is easy but difficult to wait for the abdomen, why? Just like there are people who are empty and real, there are people who are real and empty; There are evil people who come and empty, and there are evil people who go and live; Evil comes in reality and goes in the void. Keep what you get from your hands in your heart. A father can't compare with his son. A person has a pulse, just like a family has a fulcrum. Very small, but I can feel it and I can't think of it. "
Among them, abdominal diagnosis and pulse diagnosis are equally important, with special emphasis on the exquisiteness of pulse diagnosis; The complex relationship between truth and falsehood; Even father and son are difficult to express, but they can only understand (the so-called "doctor means the same"). , all these belong to Liu Dongdong's criticism object.
In Japanese history, "beriberi" is rampant, but in the era of diagnosis according to symptoms, although some disease names are the same as those diagnosed by modern medicine according to etiology, they cannot be completely regarded as the same. Those books devoted to beriberi only describe some diseases with similar symptoms but possibly different causes. However, an account in Du Xiaoan's Wandering Miscellanies seems to reveal the cause and symptom points of "true beriberi":
"beriberi is very heavy, especially the poison gas. In July, Nanji Jiabo was transported to Yumaguan. Edema due to illness. I asked a doctor for treatment, but the doctor didn't know his condition and delayed the diagnosis. When I was diagnosed, my left and right veins slipped, and my chest and abdomen trembled like a raging wave. I learned that I was paralyzed from my back to my navel and my calf stung. Asked why, it is said that Kumano Pu has been drinking rain for several days. The rest of the day is acute beriberi, which is incurable. In the second year, one person died, and in the third year, another died. If it is a few days, I will die. "
The reason why this account is more in line with the characteristics of "true beriberi" is because the patient is a sailor-there are objective conditions that vitamin Bl cannot be obtained from non-staple foods such as fresh vegetables for a long time; Secondly, gastrocnemius pain (so-called "stabbing pain in both legs") is a symptom of this disease. Without really understanding the cause and naturally knowing how to treat it, Du Xiaoan thinks that "there is no cure" is obviously in line with objective reality. On the contrary, those cases who talk about how to cure beriberi by relaxing muscles and activating blood circulation and clearing away dampness and heat can prove that their patients are just other diseases, with symptoms of backache, leg pain and edema of limbs.
There are many similar cases in Wandering Miscellanies, such as "fatigue (tuberculosis) is incurable, and it seems that fatigue can be cured;" Diaphragmatic asphyxia (esophageal cancer) is incurable, but it seems to be curable. The doctor's action is to treat fatigue and sputum, and it is similar to cover it. " Another example is the spasm caused by trauma. Although doctors have various treatment methods, they are actually "difficult to save" and point out that this is "the so-called tetanus in later generations"; "rabies virus attacks every other day, probably not cured" and so on. Du Xiaoan's evaluation of medical function is: "There are 100 people who are sick, 60 people can't be cured, and the remaining 40 people are 10 people who are refractory and will die; Cured ten people and lived; Ten people are immortal and incorrigible, and their life lies in healing; There are only ten people who belong to medicine. " From an academic point of view, before the formation of modern medicine, we can really understand the etiology, lesion site and pathological changes and use them as diagnostic basis and standard; In the era of diagnosing and naming diseases based on symptoms, in the traditional medical system, doctors who can consciously distinguish between "truth" and "similarity" of disease attributes through "treatable" and "incurable" are really rare. This is exactly what we should pay special attention to when observing Du Xiao Temple. On the other hand, although Du Xiaoan has a keen eye and a logical analysis mind inferior to the eastern thinking system, he has never been able to transcend the traditional barriers. This typical case is very useful for us to think about why modern science failed to appear in the East. In a word, through these experiences, we see a precious and powerful spirit of seeking truth from facts, which is exerted under some invisible and powerful constraints.
4. Du Xiaoan's Confucian ambition and medical career.
Du Xiao An, like many other doctors at that time, had the characteristics of both learning and medicine, and once took teaching the Six Classics as his profession. For a long time, there was a consciousness of respecting Confucianism and neglecting medicine. Later, under the guidance of "Confucianism and medical ethics do not harm each other", I finally chose the road of "concentrating on medical ethics". Objectively speaking, for many similar figures, it should be said that this choice is not conscious and active, but out of helplessness. Just as Li Shizhen chose to study medicine to realize his life value when his career was hopeless. In addition, there is a practical problem of making a living, which no one can but consider. A passage in Wandering Miscellanies clearly shows Du Xiaoan's pragmatic thinking on this issue:
"Heroes are hidden in medical divination, so they are inherent. Those doctors and fortune tellers don't have vegetarian stamps. If you are not a prince, you can do whatever you want. If there is no property, no parents and no old people in the family, even if they just become wise, they are not allowed to aim too high ... If their husbands advance and retreat, they will be judged by time. Guan Yu is the smartest person in the world, or he is always talking about officials, or he is stuck in tongue farming. Unhappy people don't have it, they don't care about the beginning. "
However, he was deeply aware of the current situation, and chose Du Xiao Temple as his profession in time. Although he claimed to be "dedicated to medicine", he did not give up the spiritual pursuit of "Confucianism". His "capsule language" is divided into five parts, and his political views are expounded in just over a thousand words:
Source first: a gentleman must have news about heaven and earth, so if he advances and retreats out of time, things will be blocked and made a "source";
Daoism 2: The ruler of the country, who does not know the fluency of art, will be greedy and become a "Daoism";
The third is civil and military: there are traces of cultural relics and the truth of civil and military affairs. If you don't know its truth, you will be fascinated by it and become a "civil warrior";
Fourth, the general rule: although the world is safe, forgetting martial arts is dangerous. As a gentleman, it is often necessary to explain his way and formulate "general rules";
The fifth cover: the pollution of scholar's style is long, and the pollution of self-study is long. Heroes must choose what to rely on and make a "time cover".
Fujimoto Takashi's Preface to Remake Miscellaneous Notes (1807) succinctly illustrates Du Xiaoan's intention to write this book:
""Miscellaneous notes "are also miscellaneous notes between roaming doctors; If this is not the case, although it is only a pamphlet, it is related to the world, and its lifelong ambition lies here. ..... Mr. Taste the book and talk to people:' My spirit lives there and doesn't bully me. "... trying to be responsible for the world, he said:' Learn the Tao and be determined; Practice medicine, too. Don't give up your career because of your ambition. You should be ambitious, and you should be diligent in your career. "Famous all over the world, governors thick, pay attention to Zhao Lou should not, so choose Chu Shi all the year round. When mr. yi changed, the Ming people burned it and abandoned it, leaving only these two books and the local soil test. "
So what does Du Xiaoan, who has both Confucianism and medicine, think of the so-called "Confucian medicine"?
"Today, there are ancient Confucianism in China, and Tan and I are not less capable. As far as the fact that the husband has not tried it, the rate is not wide and eccentric, so it is false and deceptive. I don't know if the machine is suitable for watching its rancid state. "
Obviously, he did not claim to be a Confucian doctor like some doctors, but clearly distinguished between "ambition" and "occupation". For the medical industry, it is important to practice:
"Although doctors are very talented in others, they work hard to treat critical diseases, but thousands of people know what is unknown and find it difficult."
"Where doctors are self-taught, there are often people who examine patients for many years, which is different from those who do nothing according to the teacher's law."
But at the same time, he lashed out at doctors who have no education and only make a living by it:
"Those who regard the world as a skill are mostly aristocratic men, otherwise they will put all their eggs in one basket, be light and suicidal, or lose their livelihood or become a doctor. It is because his heart is not fixed on saving people that those who regard wealth as slaves and those who regard poverty as slaves turn around and avoid it. "
Therefore, from its emphasis on medical ethics, the study of the classic Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and even its pragmatic attitude, it seems that we can see the characteristics of the so-called "Confucian medicine".
5 conclusion
In fact, from Yongfu Du Xiao Temple, we can see many problems worthy of attention in modern Japanese traditional Chinese medicine. For example, as far as the development of academic schools is concerned, with the development of commercial trade and the popularization of cultural knowledge, Song and Ming Medicine, which represents the latest medical level in China, was first spread in Japan; Since then, under the influence of the retro trend of thought, the "ancient school" has emerged, and those who accepted and used Song and Ming medicine before are called "post-school"; Secondly, it is a "eclectic school" that combines the two, and a "Hanlan eclectic school" that also studies Dutch medicine. This process is basically reflected in Du Xiaoan's academic course. Another example is the choice and part-time study of doctors and Confucianism, which is also a common problem of doctors in China and Japan. Although some people think that "Confucianism is a doctor", most doctors actually only have two aspects: cultivation, pursuit and work, and there is no specific "Confucian doctor". Thirdly, Japanese medical historians generally emphasize that the biggest feature of the "Korean side" constructed by Japanese doctors after accepting China's traditional medicine at that time was to pay attention to "pro-test experiments". Through the case of Du Xiaoan's official career and academic career, we can also have a more specific understanding of what "pro-test experiment" means.