Children's mental health problems are the result of many factors such as heredity, society, family, school and personal accidental experience, among which the influence of family environment is of special significance. The influence of family environment on the physical and mental development of children and adolescents is realized in a complex way with many factors and aspects. The following aspects are the main family factors that affect the mental health of children and adolescents.
I. Family structure
Family structure mainly refers to the population structure of the family. A very important factor in the family population structure is the soundness and integrity of the family structure. Someone has investigated 1095 the relationship between family structure and mental health of primary and middle school students. The results show that the proportion of primary and middle school students living in incomplete families (families where one or both parents are absent due to death, divorce and other reasons) is 13.8%, while the proportion of children with problems in complete families is only 0.2%, which fully shows that a sound and complete family structure has a good effect on the development of children's mental health. In recent years, some studies on divorce and children's mental health have generally confirmed that parents' divorce has caused serious anxiety and contradictions in children's minds. Suspicious, withdrawn, indifferent, uneasy or neurotic, and even lead to psychopathy and antisocial behavior. This is mainly because the broken family structure has brought excessive tension and emotional conflict to children, and the family lacks warmth and care, which makes them lose their goals in life, so they are turbulent in their thoughts, emotions, behaviors and personalities, which is easy to develop in a bad direction. Therefore, mobilizing various forces to stabilize the family structure is of great significance to ensure the healthy growth of the next generation.
Second, the family atmosphere
The so-called atmosphere refers to people's environmental atmosphere and emotional appeal, which is a certain psychological mood and environmental atmosphere produced by people's mutual influence and restriction in a certain environment. A good family atmosphere can make children lively and cheerful, generous and studious, honest and humble, and gregarious and knowledgeable; On the contrary, a bad family atmosphere will make children timid, selfish, jealous, lonely, lazy, laissez-faire and rude. Because in the process of adapting to the family environment, children often bring their parents and other family members (grandfather, grandmother, grandfather, grandmother, etc.). ) As the closest and most direct object of imitation and cognition, he learns to feel things, get familiar with the environment, develop his own habits and behaviors, and form his own psychological set and personality characteristics through imitation. Then, in the future contact with the social environment, I began to use the psychological model, personality characteristics and habits that have been edified in the family atmosphere for a long time. In most modern nuclear families, the family atmosphere is dominated by the family interpersonal relationship between parents and the family education relationship between parents and children (educational attitudes and methods, etc.). ) has a great influence on children's mental health. Often parents' eyes, language communication, behavior, personality, style and habits, and attitudes towards children can invisibly stimulate and enlighten children's psychology, and form their own psychological and personality characteristics in the process of children's adaptation. Therefore, the quality of family life is an important related factor affecting children's mental health.
Third, the attitude and way of education.
From the perspective of development, the education of children should be adults' conscious and continuous efforts to develop all the potential abilities of children, that is, parents have the responsibility and obligation to provide all conditions for their children, including environment and interpersonal communication, and care for their all-round development.
Of course, educational attitudes and methods must be different, but different according to children's different development levels and different personality characteristics. If both parents can adopt reasonable attitudes and correct educational methods, children can easily show independence, enthusiasm, friendly attitude and stable emotions; On the other hand, if parents adopt a doting, conniving and accommodating attitude towards their children, children are also prone to show poor adaptability, strong dependence, arbitrariness and opinionation. Therefore, it is very important to correct parents' attitude towards their children. Without a correct parenting attitude, there is no good parenting method. At present, the main misunderstandings of parenting are: some parents spoil their children so much that they lose their education, have no clear educational requirements for their children, and let their children's learning and behavior drift, so it is impossible to talk about how to cultivate their independence, self-confidence and self-control; Other parents blindly take high-handed measures, regardless of their children's development characteristics and reasonable requirements, take punishment as the main discipline, and believe in the old adage of "laying a good filial son and spoiling a rebellious son". From a scientific point of view, these upbringing methods are obviously wrong, which is extremely unfavorable to the healthy growth of children's body and mind, and it is also easy to cause adverse consequences. Chen Jialin from Teachers College of Yangzhou University once conducted a survey on family education methods among 1095 primary and middle school students. The results show that among the students with mental health problems, the proportion of parents adopting inconsistent attitude, pressure orientation, discrimination, frequent beating and scolding is higher than that of normal students, and the difference is statistically significant (P
Fourth, parents' cultural quality and psychological quality.
Parents' cultural quality and psychological state have a subtle influence on children's psychological maturity and growth.
As far as cultural quality is concerned, generally speaking, if parents have high cultural literacy, they often have higher requirements and expectations for their children. They use their knowledge and strong curiosity to influence and educate their children, cultivate their tenacious enterprising spirit, and at the same time give them better guidance in their studies. On the contrary, parents with low cultural quality are not enterprising and often have low requirements for their children. They not only don't study by themselves, but also don't care about their children's study, and even only care about their own entertainment, which affects their study. Many research results show that parents' cultural quality is highly related to their children's mental health.
As far as psychological quality is concerned, it can be said that parents have the greatest influence on children's behavior and psychological state closely related to it, rather than relying on language teaching, because the psychology of children and parents is in a state of magical integration, induction and participation. They often react quickly to the great changes in their parents' minds, and their parents' psychological obstacles will be projected into their children's hearts without exception. Children's psychological and even physical illness can often be found in their parents' mental state. Therefore, while educating their children, parents should also realize that if they want to change anything on their children, they must first look at whether they can change themselves and strive to have a clear, philosophical, kind and frank psychological quality. Only in this way can children have a good personality and a hotbed of excellent personality.
How to create a good family environment and atmosphere conducive to the healthy growth of children? The author believes that at least the following aspects should be paid attention to:
1. Setting an example is more important than strict teaching.
Children's psychological endurance to a family atmosphere is manifested in their adaptation and acceptance of the image of family members (mainly parents), and the role played by parents in family life directly affects children's mental health. Therefore, parents should always be aware that a pair of innocent eyes are watching them and set an example everywhere in life and work. When children are asked to do something, they should do it first, demonstrate more and preach less.
2. Have a democratic behavior.
As parents, we should respect children's independent personality and be democratic and amiable, which will have a very beneficial and far-reaching impact on children's healthy physical and mental growth. In family life, parents regard their children as elders, teachers and friends, and should not bring "social roles" into their homes; We should learn to understand and respect children, and only from the perspective of children can we discover their inner world. Never follow parents' own subjective wishes and encourage them to do whatever they want. When there are contradictions and differences in the family, don't be impatient and rude, treat each other as coldly as possible, and simplify complex problems.
3. Harmonious family atmosphere
Mutual respect, understanding, trust and concern among family members are the basic conditions for managing families and educating children. The key to family harmony is both husband and wife, so it is necessary for responsible parents to seriously study the special art and domestic science of being a spouse for the happiness of their families and the success of their children.
4. Optimistic spirit and noble aesthetic taste.
Parents' optimistic, calm and happy emotions can have great attraction to children. Parents should consciously restrain troubles, sadness and melancholy from all sides, control their bad personality, and let their children feel the warmth and charm of the family with an optimistic spirit. In addition, the material environment and psychological atmosphere in the family should also fully consider the influence of their education. At present, some parents attach great importance to family furnishings, clothing, eating, drinking and entertainment, but are indifferent to their children's intellectual input, study and rest, and physical and mental health. This is absolutely unacceptable, and no parent should underestimate this "subtle" power.
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