Health is a perfect state of physiology, psychology and society, and so is the health of the elderly. Therefore, the health care of the elderly should also be multi-dimensional and multi-level. The principle of comprehensiveness contains three meanings: first, it means that the object of elderly health care should be all the elderly; Second, the health care for the elderly is multi-level, paying attention not only to physical diseases, but also to their mental health and social adaptation; Third, health care for the elderly is multi-stage, including not only the treatment of diseases or obstacles, but also prevention and rehabilitation, as well as health promotion.
(b) the principle of regionalization
The principle of regionalization of health care refers to providing health care for the elderly on the basis of community. Older people actually prefer to stay at home rather than live in various health care institutions for the elderly. Family health care for the elderly will be the main form of care for the elderly in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a community health care system for the elderly. On the one hand, help the elderly and their caregivers by providing health care and social services at the family, neighborhood and community levels; On the other hand, established long-term care institutions are increasingly going deep into the community to serve the elderly through professional or auxiliary services.
(3) the principle of cost sharing
Britain, France, Sweden and other countries have successively implemented medical insurance. 1946 The National Health Service Act promulgated by the United Kingdom stipulates that all men, women and children who have lived in the United Kingdom for more than three months can enjoy the national health service without paying insurance premiums. France's national medical insurance, 1967 revised, adopts preferential measures such as exemption or underpayment of insurance premiums for the elderly; The Health and Medical Services Act promulgated by the Swedish government in 1983 stipulates that the elderly enjoy free treatment when receiving treatment in public hospitals or dental hospitals, and the elderly with chronic diseases who need long-term care are taken care of at home by local medical institutions, and the state gives them nursing subsidies. However, with the aging of society and the increasing demand for medical care for the elderly, it is an increasingly serious problem to increase the medical care cost for the elderly. The principle of "taking risks" is increasingly accepted by most people. China is exploring a multi-level medical security system for the elderly, which is shared by the state, enterprises and individuals.
(D) the principle of functional distinction
The principle of functional differentiation of health care for the elderly refers to paying enough attention to all levels of health care for the elderly and providing multifunctional health care services on the basis of fully understanding the multi-level health care for the elderly. For example, due to the particularity of diseases of the elderly, health services for the elderly can be divided into hospitals and nursing homes. The team serving the health of the elderly should also reflect a variety of professional functions, not only doctors and nurses, but also social workers, health educators, health plan designers and so on.
(5) The principle of preventing excessive dependence.
Due to the influence of traditional culture, most people in society, including the elderly themselves, think that the elderly are weak and deserve thoughtful and meticulous care from their families in their lives, while ignoring their subjective initiative. Therefore, the elderly tend to occupy the role of patients and rely on medical staff or their families. Excessive care and protection in life affects the development of normal functions and abilities of the elderly, and eventually leads to functional disuse. Therefore, we must prevent over-reliance on the health care of the elderly, fully mobilize the subjective initiative of the elderly, and rely on our own strength to maintain health and promote rehabilitation.