Equipment Level 4 Health Assessment

Biological hazards can be divided into four levels according to the degree of danger, and the fourth level is the most dangerous and serious. Grade 1: Clear and characteristic microbial colonies that are known not to cause diseases to healthy adults. These microbial colonies are conditional pathogens, so they may spread among teenagers, the elderly and individuals with immunodeficiency or immunosuppression. Usually, the biological hazard level of 1 exists in basic biology teaching and basic microbiology technology studio. Grade 2: Endogenous pathogens related to various acute diseases exist in human body. People exposed to these pathogens at work are at risk of accidental automatic inoculation, air inhalation and skin or mucous membrane contact with infectious substances. When pathogens have great potential to form a large number of aerosols, it will increase the risk of human infection. Usually, secondary biological hazards exist in primary biological diagnosis and basic medical research, and it is necessary to post biological hazard signs. Grade 3: Endogenous or exogenous pathogens transmitted by aerosol can leave serious or fatal sequelae. People exposed to these pathogens at work are at risk of accidental automatic inoculation and air inhalation. The third biological hazard level exists in special medical research and biological research, and special research devices such as special protective clothing, directional airflow dredger and biological safety cabinet need to be assembled to prevent biological infection. Level 4: dangerous exogenous pathogens that can easily lead to death. These pathogens are spread through the treatment of therapeutic articles, isolated articles and wild or experimental animals known to be infected, which will cause high personal infection risk. The fourth biological hazard level needs to be equipped with stricter protective equipment and isolation equipment. Laboratories and research institutes should add air pressure sealed doors, shower outlets and special treatment of biochemical research consumables (medical wastes), and be equipped with secondary or tertiary biosafety cabinets. Researchers need to wear fully sealed protective clothing, double-door autoclave, air filter gas mask and other protective equipment with high safety factor. The developer of biohazard symbol is a retired environmental health engineer, Charles? CharlesBaldwin chose the most memorable and warning sign after 1966 passed various tests. The color of the biological hazard sign is bright orange, because it is considered to be the easiest to see when exploring the North Pole in most cases. This sign has three sides, because if it is in a box containing dangerous goods, if the box is moved and transported, it may be in different positions. In addition, it needs to be easy to carve. The core of biosafety technology is biological risk assessment. Risk assessment should be conducted by personnel who are most familiar with microbial characteristics, equipment and procedures, animal models and related protective equipment and facilities. One of the most useful tools for microbial risk assessment is to list the biological risk level of microorganisms. However, for a specific microorganism, it is not enough to only refer to its biological risk level when conducting risk assessment, and other factors should be considered at an appropriate time. Including: 1, pathogenicity and infection number of microorganisms 2, potential consequences of exposure 3, natural infection route 4, other infection routes caused by laboratory operation (non-digestive tract route, airborne route, ingestion) 5, stability of microorganisms in the environment 6, concentration of operating microorganisms and capacity of concentrated samples 7, whether there is a suitable host (human or animal) 8, reports on animal research and laboratory infection or clinical reports. Planned laboratory operations (such as ultrasonic treatment, atomization, centrifugation, etc.). ) 10, all genetic technologies 1 1 that may expand the host range of microorganisms or change the sensitivity of microorganisms to known effective treatment schemes, and whether effective prevention or treatment intervention can be carried out locally. According to the above-mentioned clear information in the process of biological risk assessment, we can determine the biological safety level of the planned research work, select appropriate personal protective equipment, and formulate standard operating procedures (SOP) in combination with other safety measures to ensure that the work is carried out at the safest level.