Beef cattle selection
1. Age selection: There is not much room for beef cattle to choose age. Of course, the smaller the better. Cows of the same age and castrated cows have better fattening effect than castrated bulls.
2. Health check: carefully check whether the mouth and teeth are intact, and carefully observe chewing, feces, urination, limbs, etc. However, it is not suitable for people with short body drive, narrow back, arched waist, angular and thin physical condition.
3. Pregnancy test: The eliminated cows should have a pregnancy test to determine whether they are pregnant, and then decide whether to buy them.
Beef cattle breeding
1. recovery period: the diet is mainly high-quality green hay and wheat straw, with a small amount of silage and plenty of water. There was no concentrate on the first day and a small amount of bran on the second day. After 3 days, the concentrate will maintain the feed of the original farmers or farms. And complete epidemic prevention, epidemic prevention, deworming and isolation observation.
2. Transition period: gradually realize the transformation from the original coarse material type to fine material type. After the carcass cattle recovered to adapt, the green hay decreased, silage and distiller's grains increased, and the roughage was about 15kg/ day. The crude protein in concentrate was kept at 10~ 12%, NEM was 8.04 MJ/kg, NEG was 5. 14 MJ/kg, and 0.5% sodium bicarbonate was added. The feed rate of concentrate will gradually increase to 4 kg/head/day.
3. Fattening period: At this stage, green hay is stopped to save costs, mainly green and juicy silage and distiller's grains, and feeding is not limited. In the later period, the maximum feed intake of distiller can reach 20kg/ day/head, silage can be maintained at 8~ 15kg/ day/head, and a small amount of wheat straw and rice straw can be fed with a daily feed intake of 3kg/ head, which can adjust gastrointestinal pH and stimulate gastrointestinal peristalsis, and gradually increase. When the crude protein in concentrate was kept at 8~ 10%, and NEm7.68MJ/kg, NEg4.96MJ/kg and 1.0% sodium bicarbonate were added, the daily concentrate gradually stabilized at 4~6kg/ head.
Beef cattle management
1. Drink plenty of water: drink water for free or at least three times a day, and drink warm water in winter. After feeding during the day, clean the forage grass and fill it with drinking water.
2. Insect repellent and stomach invigorating: albendazole is taken orally once at a dose of 10mg/kg body weight, and avermectin is injected intramuscularly at a dose of 0.2mg/kg body weight once a week. Use rhubarb sodium bicarbonate tablets or Chinese herbal medicines to strengthen the stomach of cattle.
3. Slotting in groups: According to different varieties, body types and strengths, each group is raised in fences. During the fattening period, the maximum number of each group is 15, and a small group of 6 heads is the best and relatively stable. During the fattening period, each group can only feed cows, and cows are not allowed to go in. The fence area is12 ~18m2. If the cow is tied, the groove is fixed and the reins are 35 cm long.
4. Feeding times: 2~3 times a day at the initial stage of fattening, with an interval of 6 hours. You can eat whatever you want later. At 2 1:00 in the evening, manure should be added to let the cows eat forage at night.
5. Tie cattle: especially fattened and castrated cattle, someone must be on duty at night to prevent out-of-control fights, causing injuries, stress and unnecessary cattle or personal accidents.
6. Pay attention to observation: prevent the reins of cattle from winding around the legs of cattle, or the reins pull the skin of bulls and cause infection.
7. Trace elements: When feeding forage mainly made of straw and distiller's grains, cereals, vitamins A and D, minerals and trace elements must be supplemented.