1, empirical standard. That is, the client judges his own health according to his own subjective feelings, and the researcher judges the mental health of the client according to his own experience; Emphasis is placed on the subjective psychological feelings of the parties. Because of the differences between individuals' innate inheritance and acquired environment, empirical standards emphasize their individual differences. For the same life event, both sides have different self-cognition, self-experience and self-evaluation.
2. Social adaptation standards. Take the normality of most people in society as the reference standard, observe whether the parties adapt to the normality and judge whether they are psychologically healthy. For example, according to physical, psychological and social development, college students should be able to live independently and deal with the affairs they face in life. However, if some college students have low living ability and can't take care of their daily life, they need to be paid attention to.
3. Statistical standards. On the basis of measuring a large number of normal psychological characteristics, a norm is obtained and the psychology of the parties is compared with the norm. This standard is more used in psychological research. Generally speaking, we should compare the results of individual psychological tests with the norm to judge their mental health.
4. Self-behavior standard. The stable behavior pattern formed by everyone in previous lives is the normal standard. In fact, the boundary between mental health and non-mental health is relative, and it is unrealistic to try to find an absolute standard, so is the mastery of college students' mental health standards. How to grasp the standard? We believe that we should master three standards, namely relativity, overall coordination and development.
When we study the overall mental health of college students, we should pay attention to the concept of healthy development, that is, many life problems, psychological crises and psychological dilemmas faced by more college students in their development are also produced under the background of development.
Some psychological puzzles are unique to a certain group, such as the multiple pressures of college students, and the academic pressure, employment pressure and emotional pressure brought by their life expectations, career aspirations and academic expectations. All need to be dealt with. Some psychological problems are staged and will heal themselves when the individual's psychology matures.
People's mental health refers to a continuous and positive mental state. In this state, individuals can adapt to the environment well, their life is full of vitality, and their physical and mental potential is fully exerted, which can be regarded as mental health. Accordingly, people's mental health level can be roughly divided into three levels:
First, the general normal psychology, manifested as a happy mood, strong adaptability, good at getting along with others, able to complete activities that are compatible with the development level of peers, and have the ability to adjust emotions;
Second, the psychological barriers are relatively light, showing that they do not have the happiness that their peers should have, and they have a little difficulty in getting along with others and poor self-care ability. After active adjustment or professional help, it can return to normal;
Third, severe morbid psychology, manifested as severe maladjustment, can not maintain normal life and work, if not treated in time, may deteriorate into a mental patient.
Extended data
At present, the most commonly used criteria are as follows:
Self-evaluation criteria: If you think you have psychological problems, of course, this person's psychology will not be completely normal, but it is generally impossible to have major problems. People with basically normal psychology can fully perceive that their psychological activities are different from before, their psychological performance is different from others, and so on. This kind of self-evaluation is called insight in psychiatry.
Psychological test standard: Psychological test can only be formed through representative sampling, establishment of normal samples, standardization of test reliability, test validity and methods, which can avoid experts' subjective opinions to some extent. However, psychological tests also have errors, which cannot replace the doctor's diagnosis.
Etiological and pathological classification standard: This standard is the most objective, and it is a medical standard that treats psychological problems as physical diseases. If a person's psychological phenomenon or behavior can find the basis of pathological anatomy or pathophysiological changes, he is considered to have mental illness. Its psychological manifestations are regarded as symptoms of the disease, and its etiology is attributed to brain dysfunction.
External evaluation criteria: people's psychological activities are always manifested in all aspects of life. If everyone thinks there is something wrong with someone, it is generally correct. Even if the people nearby don't see it, professionals can judge whether the parties have problems through various performances.
Social adaptation standard: under normal circumstances, the human body maintains a state of physiological and psychological balance, and people can adapt and transform the environment according to the needs of social life. Therefore, normal people's behavior conforms to social norms and can act according to social requirements and moral norms, that is, their behavior conforms to social norms and is adaptive behavior.
If a person's ability is damaged due to organic or functional defects, and he can't act in a socially recognized way, so that the consequences of his actions are not suitable for himself or society, he is considered to have psychological abnormalities.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Mental Health of College Students
Baidu encyclopedia-mental health