China has mastered the necessary technology of broiler breeding, commercial chicken feeding technology, hatching technology, feed nutrition and feed product processing technology, disease prevention and control, biological safety measures, etc., and the production efficiency of chicken has gradually improved. In terms of feed conversion rate, chicken production has more advantages than pork, especially with the continuous improvement of the production performance of white feather fast-growing broilers, the feed consumed per unit production of chicken shows a downward trend, which is in line with the development direction of grain-saving animal husbandry.
The consumption proportion of chicken in meat is increasing year by year.
China's white feather broiler industry started in the 1980s, and after nearly 30 years' efforts, it has become the fastest-growing industry in agricultural industrialization. The number of broilers increased from1300 million in 1985 to nearly 9 billion in 20 1 1 year, and the chicken production increased from 1 1 ten thousand tons in 1985 to 60/kloc.
The proportion of white meat consumption represented by chicken is increasing year by year, from 1 1.25% in 1980 to 2 1.04% at present, with an annual growth rate of about 5%. At present, there is still an imbalance between urban and rural areas and between the eastern and western regions in China. However, with the increase of population, the improvement of living standards of urban and rural residents and the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, the urban population surpassed the rural population for the first time in August 20 12, and it is expected that the consumption of chicken in China will increase rapidly in the future.
The productivity expansion of white feather broilers is obvious.
Compared with yellow-feather broilers, white-feather broilers have more advantages in feeding, slaughter and segmentation, deep processing of chicken products, refrigeration, logistics and distribution, wholesale and retail, and a number of large-scale white-feather broilers have emerged and developed in full swing. In 20 12, Shandong Yisheng Company plans to invest 900,000 sets of parental broiler breeding projects in Suining County, Jiangsu Province, with a total investment of 220-250 million yuan and a construction period of 18 months. Fujian Shengnong Company will build an "annual output1200,000 white feather broilers project and its supporting projects" in Pucheng County, Fujian Province on 20/0/2. It is expected that all the preliminary work projects will be completed in the first half of the year and formally enter the construction stage in the second half. In 20 12, Shandong Minhe company will continue to promote the construction of commercial broiler breeding and broiler slaughtering and processing projects, and greatly improve the production capacity of commercial broiler breeding and broiler slaughtering and processing.
White feather broiler products are mainly divided into. A 2.5 kg commercial broiler can be subdivided into as many as 300 varieties and specifications, and provided to large fast food enterprises such as McDonald's and KFC, supermarkets and other food processing and retail links. Consumer groups are factories, schools, aviation and other groups that consume and export processed mature products, and the market space is very large. However, due to the influence of traditional consumption habits, yellow feather broilers mainly consume fresh products, and family consumption is affected by the weight of listed broilers, which affects the rapid expansion of the terminal consumption market to some extent.
In addition, since China imposed countervailing duty on white feather broilers imported from the United States on August 30, 2009, the imported broiler products in China have fallen sharply, and the demand gap of domestic broilers has widened. Affected by the earthquake in Japan, the number of broilers exported from China to Japan has also increased, and multiple factors have stimulated the consumption of chicken.
The proportion of broiler industrial production mode has changed.
As far as the production mode of domestic broiler industry is concerned, there are three main modes of domestic broiler feeding, namely, farmer feeding, base feeding and company intensive feeding. Base refers to the broiler farm with investment, cooperation and entrustment relationship with the company.
The biggest difference between the integrated autotrophic and slaughter management mode and the base feeding cooperative management mode lies in whether the broilers are mainly self-built farms by enterprises. Enterprises that adopt an integrated autotrophic and self-slaughter business model integrate feed processing, breeding chicken breeding, hatching eggs, broiler feeding, slaughtering and processing, and product sales. The whole production process is controlled by enterprises, with large investment, unified disease prevention and control and food safety system, and stable output. Under the base feeding mode, the company is required to have strong management ability to ensure the safety and stability of broiler product quality. Due to the influence of the amount of funds, farmers lack investment in facilities and equipment, which hinders the production performance of broilers.
With the increasing competition in broiler industry, broiler production must rely on science and technology, talents and management to reduce production costs, and the quality and safety of broiler products must be traceable, which will inevitably lead to changes in the production mode of broiler industry. The author thinks that in the future broiler feeding mode, the proportion of production mode mainly based on farmers will gradually decrease, while the proportion of production mode mainly based on integrated and base feeding will increase accordingly.
With the deepening of standardized scale farming in China, it has become an irresistible trend for broiler production to deepen the implementation of standardized demonstration of livestock and poultry breeding, strengthen the supervision of listed demonstration farms, improve the production information database of demonstration farms and eliminate unqualified demonstration farms. Standardized scale farming is beneficial to concentrate resources, popularize new farming techniques and effectively control the occurrence and spread of diseases.
Circular economy is more prominent in the process of broiler breeding.
Circular economy has become the basis for the healthy and stable development of broiler industry. Realizing zero emission of pollutants and greenhouse gas emission reduction is an inevitable measure to improve the height of broiler industry. The implementation of circular economy in broiler breeding will be paid more and more attention by enterprises. Only in this way can we fundamentally reduce the environmental pollution caused by raising chickens, promote the harmonious unity of economy and ecology, man and nature, and promote the transformation of economic growth mode of broiler industry from extensional growth to synchronous growth of quality, environmental protection and benefit.
The pollutants produced by broiler feeding are mainly chicken manure and sewage. Biogas is used to generate electricity after fermentation, which realizes the recycling of pollutants, forms a circular economy development model of "chicken-fertilizer-biogas-electricity-biomass" and improves production efficiency. Biogas produced by anaerobic fermentation of chicken manure is purified and compressed to produce biogas. At the same time, it is necessary to explore the ways of microbial treatment of chicken manure in practice and realize a new industrialized poultry industry with bio-industry as the core.
In terms of broiler price, the price of free-range broilers in mountains will be higher than that of captive broilers, and the price of captive broilers will be higher than that of indoor caged broilers. In the next five years, the fluctuation range of broilers will fluctuate between 5% below the current price and 30% above the current price.