1, control the total calorie intake.
According to the patient's standard weight and work nature, the calorie intake should not be too high. Take the standard figure summary as the degree, pay attention to the usual diet, keep a good figure, and should not be too obese. Try to control your weight within the normal weight range. In case of illness, strictly control calorie intake, generally within 1 1,000 calories per day.
Step 2 limit the intake of fat
No matter patients with coronary heart disease or normal people, the daily fat intake should be limited, and the daily fat intake should be controlled within 30% of the total calories, animal fat should be less than 10%, cholesterol intake should be controlled within 300mg, and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids should be kept at 3:2. Avoid eating foods with high fat and cholesterol content such as fat, animal offal and snail meat.
3, the right amount of carbohydrates
Patients with coronary heart disease should reasonably consume carbohydrates in their daily lives. Too much carbohydrate intake can easily lead to the increase of triglycerides in the blood, and too little intake can easily lead to malnutrition. The intake of carbohydrates should be controlled between 60% and 70% of the total calories, and sucrose and fructose should be eaten less.
4, the right amount of protein
Patients with coronary heart disease should pay attention to whether the intake of animal protein and plant protein in protein is reasonable. The intake of animal protein will lead to the increase of lily fatty acids in the body and also increase the intake of cholesterol. Bone advocates that the intake of animal protein should be controlled within 50%, and vegetable protein can reduce the blood cholesterol level, and advocates more intake, such as soybean protein.
Step 5 control sodium intake
Patients with coronary heart disease are often accompanied by hypertension, especially cardiac insufficiency. Because the effective circulating blood volume of renal vessels decreases, the glomerular filtration capacity decreases, resulting in water retention, increased blood volume and increased heart burden. At this time, the sodium intake should be controlled at 5g per day. Moderate cardiac insufficiency should be directly reduced to less than 3g per day, and the amount of drinking water should be reduced accordingly, and controlled at about 800ml per day.
6, vitamin supplements
Patients with coronary heart disease have the basis of atherosclerosis, and vitamins are directly related to atherosclerosis. Vitamins can improve myocardial function, vitamin B6 can also reduce blood lipid level, and vitamin C can increase the elasticity of blood vessels, protect the integrity of blood vessels and prevent cerebral hemorrhage. It is suggested that patients with coronary heart disease should pay attention to supplement vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin E at ordinary times. It can be supplemented by supplements or edible fruits.
7. Moderate exercise
Patients with cardiovascular diseases should have a certain amount of exercise, promote blood circulation, do not consume too much energy, and keep healthy. It is suggested to take a gentle way such as walking.
8, coronary heart disease care
Coronary heart disease is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly people. As the saying goes, "three points of treatment, seven points of care" shows the importance of nursing for patients with coronary heart disease. Nursing measures of coronary heart disease not only affect the therapeutic effect, but also have a great influence on patients' physical recovery and prognosis. Therefore, we should pay attention to whether the nursing measures for coronary heart disease are appropriate and constantly improve and upgrade the nursing measures for coronary heart disease. Nursing measures for patients with coronary heart disease include the following aspects:
(1) Psychological nursing
In the nursing of coronary heart disease, we should not only pay attention to physical factors, but also pay attention to the influence of mental factors on the disease.
Nurses must always know the patient's psychological state, personality characteristics, likes and dislikes, etc. To keep patients in an optimistic and relaxed state of mind and avoid nervousness, anxiety, emotional excitement or anger.
(2) Diet care
Improper diet is one of the main causes of coronary heart disease, so a healthy diet can significantly reduce the concentration of cholesterol in the blood and reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease. Healthy eating habits include: quitting smoking and drinking less; Do not drink strong coffee or tea, live a regular life and ensure adequate sleep; Keep warm to prevent upper respiratory tract infection.
(3) Exercise nursing
Patients with coronary heart disease should definitely stay in bed at the acute stage. Exercise properly during the recovery period. In nursing, we should guide the methods and amount of exercise according to the different situations of patients. According to the patient's physique and illness, it is advisable not to feel excessive fatigue.