1, living room environment
Newborns' rooms should be clean, with room temperature of 22-24℃ and proper humidity. Open the window for ventilation for 20-30 minutes every day. Furniture and floors should be wet and mopped every day. The room should also be sunny, so as to observe the skin color of newborns and find pathological jaundice in time.
Step 2 Apply for the project
Articles used by newborns, including clothes, bedding, tableware and washing utensils, should be stored and cleaned separately. Bottles, cups and bowls should be cooked and disinfected every day.
3. clothes
It is best to choose soft cotton wool products for clothes, which should be loose, without buttons, flat edges and no thread ends, so as not to entangle the baby's hands, feet and toes. The tie should not be too tight to prevent strangulation. If clothes and quilts have been stored in the cupboard, they should be taken out and dried before use, because camphor warning agents can cause hemolysis of some babies. Now many newborns use disposable diapers, and some children have sensitive skin, which may cause diaper rash. It's time to change old diapers.
Step 4 feed
If breastfeeding, first of all, mothers should pay attention to personal hygiene. Change underwear every day, wash your hands before feeding and scrub your breasts and nipples with warm water. If the mother suffers from mastitis, hepatitis B and other serious acute and chronic infections, she should stop breastfeeding and use formula milk powder instead.
5, skin care
The newborn's skin is very thin and tender, so we should pay attention to cleanliness and hygiene. It is not advisable to take a bath before the umbilical cord falls off. Wipe your face, neck and armpits with a warm towel every day. Clean perineum and buttocks after defecation, and apply a little vegetable oil after washing. You can take a bath after the umbilical cord falls off. If possible, take a bath once a week in winter and once a day in summer. You should choose non-irritating soap and shower gel, and gently dry it with a soft towel after bathing. In summer, you can apply a little baby powder to skin wrinkles. Be careful not to sprinkle powder directly on your neck to prevent your baby from being inhaled into the respiratory tract.
6, facial features nursing
Pay attention to the cleanliness of the external auditory canal and nostrils, but don't dig at will. If there is a nasal brake blocking the nostrils, you can gently wipe it clean with a sterile cotton swab. The oral mucosa is very thin and tender, so it is forbidden to scrub the oral cavity. Some newborns can see small yellow-white particles on their gums, which are formed by the accumulation of epithelial cells, commonly known as "horse teeth", which is a normal physiological phenomenon. Don't pick them to prevent infection. In addition, there are raised fat pads on both cheeks, commonly known as "mantis mouth", which is beneficial to sucking milk and cannot be broken.
7. Prevention of infection
Visits to newborns should be restricted, and family members suffering from respiratory or digestive tract infectious diseases should not contact newborns to avoid cross-infection.
8, sleep and sleeping position
Sleeping posture affects breathing, and the newborn's head is soft. Good sleeping posture is beneficial to the development of the head. It is recommended to have a comfortable pillow with a thickness of 1-2 cm, slightly concave in the middle and slightly raised at both ends.
The best sleeping position is lying on your back or side to avoid pressing your chest and lungs. It is recommended to sleep on your side after feeding to avoid suffocation caused by overflowing or choking milk. When taking the supine position, always change your posture; Due to strong activity, full-term babies can lie prone in the first few days after birth to facilitate the outflow of respiratory secretions and prevent vomit from flowing back into the trachea. But when they lie prone, they must take a pillow and put their heads aside. At this time, parents should be watching.
Newborns usually sleep 18-20 hours a day, but babies under the full moon should not sleep for a long time. Parents should wake up every 2-3 hours to facilitate breastfeeding.
9, umbilical cord care
When the new umbilical cord does not fall off, scrub the umbilical cord with 75% alcohol once a day, then cover it with sterile gauze. Do not bathe in the basin. After the umbilical cord falls off, gauze is not needed, but the umbilical cord must be kept dry and clean. If red or purulent secretion is found in the umbilical region, anti-inflammatory treatment should be carried out.