You can open a restaurant with a business license, but can't you get a health certificate if you fail the physical examination?

You can't.

"People's Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law" has corresponding provisions:

Article 45 Food producers and business operators shall establish and implement the health management system for employees. Persons suffering from diseases that hinder food safety as stipulated by the administrative department of health of the State Council shall not engage in direct contact with imported food.

Food production and marketing personnel engaged in direct contact with imported food shall undergo annual health examination and obtain health certificates before taking up their posts. Food production enterprises shall formulate and implement control requirements to ensure that the food they produce meets food safety standards.

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Relevant provisions of People's Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law:

Article 51 A food production enterprise shall establish a record system for ex-factory food inspection, check the inspection certificate and safety status of ex-factory food, and truthfully record the name, specification, quantity, production date or batch number and shelf life of the food.

Producers of food, food additives and food-related products shall inspect the food, food additives and food-related products they produce in accordance with food safety standards, and they can only leave the factory or sell them after passing the inspection.

Article 53 When purchasing food, food business operators shall check the supplier's license, food factory inspection certificate or other qualified certificates, regularly check the stored food, and promptly clean up the food that has deteriorated or exceeded its shelf life.

Baidu Encyclopedia-People's Republic of China (PRC) Food Safety Law