Several ways to eliminate psychological barriers of disabled college students

First, ask questions. Since the reform and opening up, China citizens' humanitarian awareness has generally improved. With the continuous expansion of college enrollment scale and the revision and relaxation of physical examination standards, the attitude of colleges and universities to recruit disabled candidates has changed significantly, and relevant enrollment policies have been implemented. More and more disabled candidates have successfully entered various colleges and universities for further study. According to the survey, these disabled students are mostly physical disabilities, mostly polio sequelae and spinal curvature. Very few people are paralyzed, walking with crutches, and can basically take care of themselves. However, at present, the resources and service support provided by colleges and universities in China are far from enough, and there are still many difficulties and problems for disabled students in study, life and economy, which have caused psychological obstacles. Disabled students generally have poor appearance, inferiority, sensitivity and lack of social interaction. In addition, the society does not respect and understand the disabled, and the campus humanistic environment and living and learning facilities are not perfect, which makes their ideals and development goals unstable and their self-worth lost. This psychological state not only affects the healthy growth of disabled students, but also is not conducive to the construction of a harmonious campus. Therefore, it is an important issue for colleges and universities to cultivate all-round talents and run a satisfactory education for the people to eliminate the bad psychological obstacles of disabled students in time and guide them to set up the goal of healthy development. Second, the survey objects and methods comprehensively use the knowledge of pedagogy, sociology and psychology, and adopt the methods of questionnaire survey, on-the-spot interview and on-the-spot investigation to investigate the causes and solutions of psychological obstacles of disabled students in some colleges and universities in Henan Province, understand their psychological status and needs, and summarize the specific methods to eliminate psychological obstacles of disabled students. Third, the psychological and emotional characteristics of disabled students 1. Loneliness. This is a common emotional experience for disabled students. Disabled students have some physical or psychological defects. They are worried about being discriminated against at school, and there are few places for activities, so they have to stay in dormitories or classrooms often. Over time, loneliness will arise. 2. Inferiority. This is the emotional experience that most disabled students have. Disabled students encounter more difficulties than able-bodied students. If they don't get enough help and understanding from the people around them, or even are rejected or discriminated against, they will feel inferior. In addition, it is much more difficult for them to study, live and find jobs than the healthy people, and their self-esteem is hurt, which aggravates their emotional experience of inferiority. 3. Sensitive and self-respecting. Disabled students tend to pay too much attention to themselves because of their physical disabilities, so they are particularly sensitive to other people's attitudes and comments, especially those who care about their inappropriate names. Emotional, conflict with classmates. Emotional reaction is strong and unstable, which is quite prominent in many disabled students. If the emotional reaction is strong, it is easy to have conflicts with classmates. 4. Be compassionate. Disabled students have deep sympathy for their peers, rather than having little communication between disabled people of the same kind, such as the disabled and the blind. Iv. analysis and investigation of the causes of psychological obstacles of disabled students; the problems that are easy to induce psychological obstacles of disabled students are designed, which basically cover all kinds of difficulties and problems that disabled students may encounter during their school days. 1. Cognition of disabled students on receiving higher education. The survey results show that 85% of disabled students are extremely excited about being able to enter colleges and universities and think that opportunities are rare. Life in colleges and universities can exercise their abilities in all aspects, such as communication, communication and problem solving. Some disabled students believe that studying in colleges and universities is conducive to the development of their own abilities, which can make them confident, enrich their lives, make many healthy friends and better integrate into society in the future. The vast majority of disabled students hold a positive and positive view on entering colleges and universities. What disabled students are generally worried about is that going to the society to find a job after graduation will be rejected, looked down upon by healthy people, and there is no point in going to colleges and universities without help. This also shows from another angle that our society still has prejudice and discrimination against the disabled. 2. Problems and difficulties encountered by disabled students in their studies. Disabled students can basically take care of themselves in college life, and generally have low requirements for living conditions, but they are very eager to learn knowledge. Knowing more about their studies than healthy students is the key factor that determines their future life. This point must arouse the full attention of college teachers and administrators. The survey results show that students with physical disabilities are generally not adapted to physical education class, and some students with severe disabilities, such as those with crutches or wheelchairs, think that the content and assessment criteria of physical education class are too rigid and rigid. Teachers should pay attention to the special needs of disabled students and give specific guidance in learning. 3. Disabled students are eager to establish a service mechanism for vulnerable groups in colleges and universities. The survey results show that 90% of students with disabilities are eager to establish special service mechanisms or institutions for students with disabilities and other vulnerable groups in Chinese universities. Colleges and universities can set up volunteer service groups among college students to help and support disabled students who need help. According to the survey, colleges and universities in western developed countries have generally set up departments and specialized institutions to serve disabled students. 4. Improve students' attitude towards disabled students. The survey results show that up to 95% of healthy students are very much in favor of and understand that disabled students enter ordinary colleges and universities. They believe that disabled students have the right to enter colleges and universities to receive higher education, and ordinary colleges and universities should provide convenience for disabled students to complete their studies in life, study and exercise, including facilities for students with special needs. 95% of healthy students can treat disabled students with a normal heart and get along well with them. 70% of able-bodied students even said that they were willing to provide necessary help to disabled students. Some students also said that they have learned a lot from disabled students, cherished their health more and gained a new understanding of the value and significance of life. Of course, some healthy students think they don't know how to communicate with disabled students. They are worried that disabled students have sensitive personalities and different ways of thinking from healthy students, and they are afraid of hurting their self-esteem. The physical disability of disabled students leads to their special psychological characteristics and distinctive life behaviors. They are more eager for communication, respect and self-realization psychologically than healthy students. However, at present, the society and universities have not paid enough attention to this group. Psychology believes that psychology is the reflection function of the human brain to objective reality. People's study, work and life are maintained, guided, encouraged or strengthened by their own psychological factors (such as motivation, interest and emotion). In the process of growing up, the appearance of different psychological states and behaviors of disabled students will more or less affect the improvement of their quality in all aspects. How to guide disabled students according to their different psychological states, so as to optimize their psychological quality and improve their learning efficiency is a problem that we should consider. V. Methods of Eliminating Psychological Obstacles of Disabled Students Disabled students are in a critical period of physical and mental development, and their psychological quality and personality characteristics are highly plastic. As long as educators find out timely, educate properly and guide properly, and make full use of the educational resources of colleges and universities, they can completely help them improve their psychological development function, eliminate bad psychology and get out of the misunderstanding of psychological confusion. 1. Educators should change their ideas. Disabled people are vulnerable groups in society, and disability is the social price paid in the process of human civilization and social progress. Without all kinds of accidents, such as industrial accidents and traffic accidents, scientific safety operation rules and traffic management rules will not be formulated; Without innate ignorance and blindness, you won't understand eugenics, and you won't understand why close relatives can't get married; Without blindness, deafness and other toxic diseases, there would be no detailed drug inspection and management system; Without the physical disability caused by polio sequelae, there would be no "sugar pill" to prevent this disease. It is the disability of some people that brings more people's physical and mental health, order and science, as well as human civilization and social progress. Therefore, receiving higher education is the right of disabled students, which is clearly stipulated in China's Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons and Regulations on Education for Disabled Persons. The biggest worry of disabled college students is that they can't find a job after graduation, can't compete with healthy people, have unclear learning goals, are unstable in thoughts and emotions, are not firm in learning perseverance, often have conflicts with the outside world, and have a tendency to dislike and escape from society. To change the psychological state of disabled students, the best way is for educators to change their ideas, determine targeted ways to help disabled students on the basis of facing up to their reality, and organize disabled students from their hearts, so that they can have a team and atmosphere for mutual communication, improve their social communication ability, enrich their spiritual world and meet their spiritual needs. 2. The degree of inferiority of disabled students is much higher than that of healthy people. Inferiority is a double-edged sword. Psychologist Adler put forward: "Inferiority caused by physical defects or other reasons will not only destroy a person, but also make people degenerate or suffer from mental illness. On the other hand, it can also make people angry and try to cheer up to make up for their weaknesses. " It is the best way to help disabled students get rid of inferiority by actively discovering the advantages of each disabled student and acknowledging their social status and survival value. In particular, class teachers and counselors should be good at grasping the small links in the life and study of disabled students to create educational situations, provide them with a stage to show their abilities, and encourage them to get out of the bad psychological state of inferiority. 3. Offering mental health counseling courses for disabled students. The psychological barrier of disabled students is a normal psychological reflection. To overcome or eliminate this abnormal psychological state, we must adopt scientific educational methods. Therefore, colleges and universities should make disabled students fully understand the process of individual psychological and physical changes through systematic psychological and physical health counseling, and eliminate the loneliness and world-weariness of disabled students caused by this change. Class teachers and counselors who are in direct contact with disabled students should establish psychological consultation files for disabled students in student management. They should not only know the psychological status of disabled students like the palm of their hand, but also communicate with disabled students frequently, understand their thoughts, worries and joys, find out the main reasons for the emergence or change of bad psychology, and give education and guidance in time. At the same time, schools should, in combination with the established psychological counseling institutions, conduct psychological investigation and counseling on disabled students on a regular or fixed basis, help disabled students solve their psychological problems in time, prevent the occurrence and development of bad behaviors, and strive to eliminate their bad psychology in the bud. 4. Schools should optimize the campus environment and improve the construction of barrier-free facilities and equipment. At present, the construction of campus environment in China's colleges and universities is developing rapidly, with pleasant scenery, and students' learning conditions and living environment have been obviously improved. However, barrier-free facilities and sports equipment that are convenient for disabled students to live, study and exercise are far from enough. Therefore, the school should continue to create a good campus environment, showing thoughtful and meticulous care and love for disabled students everywhere, so that every disabled student can truly feel the warmth of the school and the collective after integrating into the campus and class collective, so that the psychological obstacles of disabled students can be gradually alleviated and eliminated under a good humanistic environment and complete material conditions. 5. Make campus life colorful. Class teachers and counselors should try their best to organize various forms of cultural and sports activities, including lectures, reports, small productions, small competitions, outdoor gatherings, etc. Let disabled students give full play to their wisdom, show their talents, develop their own personality, feel their own value, learn to evaluate themselves correctly and beat themselves. When holding cultural and sports activities, we should pay attention to the principle of focusing on participation, step by step, being different from person to person, and preventing injuries, and master the amount of exercise to prevent disabled students from being injured again. 6. The management of student status is flexible and diverse, and scholarship evaluation reflects care. According to the physical condition of disabled students, appropriate extension of academic system and flexible management of student status are more conducive to disabled students to master solid basic knowledge and professional theory. In addition, due to physical reasons, some courses are really difficult for disabled students to learn. Scholarship evaluation in schools should be flexible and diverse. While paying attention to all course results, we should consider the particularity of disabled students and set up special scholarships for disabled students when conditions permit to encourage them to study hard. 7. Effectively create conditions to be responsible for the way out for disabled students after graduation. Most disabled students in school study very hard and get excellent grades. Because of their physical disabilities, many of them worry that once they leave the society after graduation, they will not be able to compete on an equal footing with normal people, and they will be discriminated against in employment and have no livelihood.