For patients who must use insulin, we should insist on using diabetic insulin. In particular, patients with type 1 diabetes must be treated with insulin. In addition, there are several types of patients with type 2 diabetes who must use insulin: @ ketoacidosis or hypertonic coma; @ Patients with poor liver and kidney function who can't take hypoglycemic drugs; @ Diabetic nephropathy, diabetic eye disease, diabetic foot and other serious complications; @ Patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by autonomic nerve disorder and malnutrition caused by severe diarrhea; @ Thin patient; @ Need to use glucocorticoids and other drugs that will raise blood sugar; @ Patients with gestational diabetes mellitus; Patients under stress, such as severe infection, trauma and perioperative patients; People who are ineffective in oral medication.
Adverse reactions: allergic reaction, redness and swelling of injection site, itching, measles, angioneurotic edema. 1. Hypoglycemic reaction, sweating, palpitation, fatigue, and in severe cases, disturbance of consciousness, ataxia, tachycardia and even coma. 2. Insulin resistance, the daily dose should be more than 200 units. 3. Fat atrophy and fat hyperplasia at the injection site. 4. Abnormal refraction of eyes.
Note: 1. Patients with hypoglycemia reaction, severe hypoglycemia coma, severe liver disease and nephropathy should closely observe blood sugar. 2. The patient is accompanied by the following conditions: abnormal liver function, hypothyroidism, nausea and vomiting, abnormal renal function, glomerular filtration rate 10-50m l/ min, and insulin dosage reduced to 95-75%; Glomerular filtration rate decreased to below 65438±00ml per minute, and insulin dosage decreased to 50%. 3. The patient is accompanied by the following conditions: high fever, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, diabetic ketoacidosis, serious infection or trauma, major surgery, etc. 4. During medication, blood sugar, urine routine, liver and kidney function, vision, fundus retinal blood vessels, blood pressure and electrocardiogram should be checked regularly to understand the condition and complications of diabetes.
2. Ask for help: knowledge of insulin injection, insulin pen, injection amount and all relevant precautions of diabetes.
Due to the needs of the disease, some diabetic patients need insulin treatment. At present,
Clinical insulin treatment methods include subcutaneous injection of insulin, intramuscular injection of insulin and pancreas.
Intravenous insulin injection, insulin pump treatment, etc. The most commonly used is subcutaneous injection of insulin.
Patients treated with subcutaneous insulin generally do not need hospitalization, patients or their families.
You can do it at home. Therefore, it is not necessary for diabetic patients and their families to master the correct method of insulin injection.
Often very important.
Ensure the insulin content before injection.
When diabetic patients inject insulin subcutaneously, they should first know how much insulin they should inject.
Generally, each bottle of 10 ml insulin injection contains 400 units of insulin, that is, each 10 ml injection.
It contains 40 units of insulin. But there are also 3 ml bottles containing 300 units of insulin. Therefore,
Be sure to find out how much insulin is contained in each milliliter of injection you use before injection, so as not to be affected by it.
Misinhalation of dose leads to aspiration, which leads to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in patients.
Learn to use different kinds of syringes.
There are generally two kinds of syringes for injecting insulin. One is a common syringe with a capacity of 1 ml.
Shooter, that is, domestic syringe. The calibration mark on the syringe is "ml" (
ML), the patient should convert the unit according to the content of insulin injection used. Alternative
Syringes are specially used to inject insulin, that is, "BD" needles made in the United States. This injection
The device is made of 40 units of insulin per milliliter of injection. If the patient uses this,
Syringe, there is no need to convert insulin units.
It is very important to choose the injection site of insulin.
There are many places suitable for insulin injection, usually abdominal wall, side arm, buttocks and
Lateral thigh, etc. Different parts of the body absorb insulin differently. Notes on abdominal wall
Radiation absorption is the fastest, followed by the lateral upper arm, and the lateral hip and thigh absorption is slower. So, dragon
It may happen that patients who inject insulin into the lateral thigh occasionally switch to the abdominal wall.
Hypoglycemia. Long-term injection of insulin at the same site will also make local skin absorb insulin.
Ability to decline. Once subcutaneous lipodystrophy occurs, it will affect the absorption of insulin. such as
Results subcutaneous lipodystrophy occurred in both upper arms and both sides of abdominal wall, and the patient's
Blood sugar control will be unsatisfactory. So pay attention to keep the skin of the injection site healthy and press it correctly.
Injecting insulin is very important.
Injection method of insulin
Low insulin should be taken out of the refrigerator half an hour before injection, and the temperature of the liquid medicine is close to room temperature.
During the injection.
● Operators must wash their hands and prepare insulin bottles, syringes and wine before injection.
Supplies needed for injection, such as cotton balls.
● When injecting short-acting insulin, disinfect the injection bottle cap with alcohol cotton ball before using it.
The syringe sucks in the same amount of air as the required insulin injection, injects it into the insulin bottle and then injects it into the left hand.
Turn the insulin bottle upside down and hold the syringe in your right hand to suck insulin.
● If moderate or long-acting insulin is injected, the insulin injection bottle should be placed flat on the palm of your hand.
Hold the medicine bottle with both hands and roll it back and forth for about ten times to fully mix the liquid medicine in the bottle, and then
According to the above method.
● When mixing two dosage forms of insulin by yourself, the short-acting islets must be pumped according to the above steps.
Elements, and then pump in medium or long-acting insulin. If intermediate or long-acting insulin is mixed with short-acting islets
In the vegetarian bottle, this bottle of insulin is no longer usable.
● After selecting the injection site, disinfect the skin with an alcohol cotton ball. When the alcohol dries, just use one.
Pinch the skin of the injection site with one hand about 1 inch, and hold the needle with the other hand at a half angle of 45 degrees.
Pierce the horn into the injection site, push the liquid medicine, and then relax the raised skin. The needle should stop under the skin.
Leave 10 second to pull out, and don't press the injection site.
Although abdominal wall (injection is not allowed around navel 10 cm), lateral sides of both upper arms and buttocks.
And the outside of thigh are suitable locations for insulin injection, but the best location is abdominal wall. although
So don't inject too many times in the same place and at the same point, and use each part alternately.
So as to avoid subcutaneous lipodystrophy.
If in doubt, please call: 028-86 1 19860 (inpatient department) for consultation.
Sichuan province diabetes prevention center
Dr. Li or other doctors
3. Under what circumstances is insulin suitable for diabetic patients?
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The earlier the insulin treatment, the better. As the "Toilet House" said, insulin has the least side effects.
It is said that the popularity of insulin in treating diabetes represents the level of treating diabetes in a country.
Of course, then again, it is unscientific to rely solely on insulin treatment. The World Health Organization recommends five carriages of comprehensive treatment, namely education and psychology, diet, exercise, drugs (including insulin) and monitoring.
To treat diabetes, learning diabetes knowledge is the foundation. I suggest you buy a book on diabetes. Don't trust others and hearsay.
4. How do diabetics take insulin?
1, you need a doctor to adjust your insulin dosage before insulin injection: you can buy a blood glucose meter to monitor your blood sugar at home (fasting and 2 hours after meals), and then take a notebook to record it and give it to the doctor for reference when you get to the hospital, so that the doctor can adjust your insulin dosage. After finding the right dosage, you can go to the hospital for a follow-up visit every 1 month. Many diabetics become good doctors after a long illness and can finally adjust their treatment plans;
2. Diabetes can be divided into 1 type and type 2. 1 type needs lifelong insulin injection, because its own insulin cells have been completely lost and need exogenous supplementation. Type 2 diabetes also needs lifelong treatment, but you can choose oral drugs or insulin according to your own situation. As for how to distinguish, back to the question 1, the data you wrote down can be used as a reference for treatment. High before meals means that fasting blood sugar control is not good, and high after meals means that postprandial blood sugar control is not good, and then choose a treatment plan that suits you;
3. Nuohe Pen is an insulin injection tool, which can be repaired and replaced once for life, and can be used with all insulin dosage forms produced by Nuohe Company. If you choose long-term insulin therapy, you can consider Nuohe pen+insulin refill therapy. Because if you use it for a long time, the refill is cheap. If it is a short-term intensive treatment, you can choose the special filling series produced by Nuohe Company, which is a disposable injection device with a refill and is convenient.
If you pay attention to your illness, I suggest you buy a blood glucose meter to monitor it, because diabetes is not terrible, what is terrible is the complications of diabetes. Therefore, controlling blood sugar is very important!
The above answers are for your reference!
5. How much is insulin for diabetics?
Insulin is classified according to its potency:
1, ultrashort effect: 15 minutes after injection, peak concentration 1~2 hours.
2. Short-acting (quick-acting): it takes effect 30 minutes after injection, with a peak concentration of 2-4 hours and a duration of 5-8 hours.
4. Long-acting (protamine zinc insulin): it takes effect 4-6 hours after injection, with a peak concentration of 4-20 hours and lasting for 24-36 hours.
5. Pre-mixing: short-acting and medium-acting pre-mixing, which can take effect quickly (30 minutes) and last as long as 16~20 hours with one injection.
There are 30% short-acting and 70% medium-acting premixes and 50% short-acting and medium-acting premixes in the market.
After starting insulin therapy, we should continue to adhere to diet control and exercise, strengthen the education of patients, encourage and guide patients to monitor their blood sugar, so as to adjust insulin dosage and prevent hypoglycemia. All patients who start insulin therapy should be educated about the risk factors, symptoms and self-help measures of hypoglycemia.
The treatment plan of insulin should simulate physiological insulin secretion mode, including basal insulin and dietary insulin supplement. The choice of scheme should be highly individualized, and blood sugar should be controlled as soon as possible according to the step-by-step treatment scheme driven by blood sugar reaching the standard.
I know that self-observation often presses the injection site with his fingers, which has induration and pain. If it is serious, he should consult a professional medical staff and avoid these parts when injecting. People who inject insulin should bring their own blood glucose meter to ensure that they can detect blood glucose every day, understand the fluctuation of blood glucose, and record the results every time so that doctors can adjust the dosage of insulin during the review.