Lecture Notes on Middle and Long Distance Running 1 1. Guiding ideology
First of all, let me talk about the guiding ideology of this lesson.
This course takes "health first" as the guiding ideology, implements the requirements of senior high school curriculum standards, flexibly handles the teaching content under the guidance of sports skill objectives, takes students' sports interest as the starting point, pays attention to students' personality development, guides students to explore and learn independently, takes students' development as the center, and pays attention to the cultivation of students' learning ability. This class allows students to think positively with questions in practice, which can stimulate students' interest in learning and improve their learning ability.
Second, teaching material analysis
On the basis of implementing the guiding ideology and fully analyzing the teaching materials, we can better complete the lesson preparation. Here I will explain teaching material analysis in this lesson:
Middle and long-distance running is one of the track and field events, which has the characteristics of simple and easy-to-learn technical movements and little influence by the venue. It is of great value to cultivate students' psychological qualities such as courage, alertness and tenacity, and to improve their anti-frustration consciousness and ability to adjust their emotions. But for students, the lack of antagonism in this project is boring, so it is necessary to improve their interest in learning in teaching and lay an important foundation for further learning other track and field contents.
Thirdly, the analysis of learning situation.
On the basis of analyzing teaching materials and combining with the actual situation of students in this class, teaching can be more targeted and enlightening.
The teaching object of this class is the fifth-grade students, who have good self-control and cognitive ability, but they are generally afraid of difficulties in track and field events. In view of this feature, this class began to set up fun games and theme introduction, and adopted a variety of practice methods throughout the class, using flexible and innovative language and teaching methods to guide students to carry out creative exercises, so that they can experience the fun of sports, and at the same time, the process of finding and solving problems in the practice process reflects the fun of participation and the sense of success of constantly surpassing themselves.
Fourth, teaching objectives.
Only by fully analyzing the teaching materials and learning situation can we formulate accurate and appropriate teaching objectives. My teaching objectives are designed as follows:
Knowledge and Skills Mastering the right running skills, developing running ability and correctly understanding the importance of middle and long distance running to promote the healthy development of body and mind.
Process and Methods Through learning and practicing methods, we can master the correct technical level of middle and long distance running, apply what we have learned, and develop physical qualities and abilities such as speed, strength, agility and coordination.
Emotion, attitude and values inspire self-control ability and good will quality of hard work, perseverance and perseverance through continuous practice.
The Key Points and Difficulties in verb Teaching (Verb Abbreviation)
On the basis of clear teaching objectives, accurately grasping the key points and difficulties is the key to the success of the course. The key points and difficulties are as follows:
The key movements are easy and natural, and the amplitude is small; High center of gravity and stability; Strong sense of rhythm in running;
It is difficult to plan and distribute physical strength throughout the process; Breathing should have a certain rhythm and depth.
Sixth, teaching methods.
On the basis of clarifying the difficulties and teaching objectives, nothing can be done without the support of teaching methods. Good teaching methods can make the teaching effect get twice the result with half the effort, thus achieving the teaching goal. The teaching methods are set as follows:
Teaching methods: explaining demonstration method, correcting errors, observing and evaluating, playing games, etc.
Learning methods: inquiry, observation, group practice, etc.
Seven. teaching process
On the basis of fully preparing lessons, it is particularly important to design a reasonable teaching process. I will carry out my teaching in four parts: beginning, preparation, foundation and end. The first part is the beginning, and the estimated time is 3 minutes.
(1) Initial part (3 minutes)
1. Classroom routine: The Sports Commission will line up, report the number of students, say hello to teachers and students, the teacher will briefly introduce the teaching content, check the clothes and arrange interns. Then I'll introduce the dialogue: middle and long distance running has always been a headache for everyone. Everyone feels very tired and uncomfortable when running. In fact, these are all good things, indicating that your body is warning you. You can't stick to such a short distance and overcome such a small difficulty. Your body and mind are warning you. Practice, practice. Overcoming fear and physical laziness, middle and long-distance running can make you think about many problems that you can't face at ordinary times, and let you face new life and sports again. Through your efforts, your health is getting better every day. Maybe it won't appear for a day, a week or a month, but after six months, a year, three years and five years, you will find that you have undergone earth-shaking changes.
Through the introduction, students can make it clear that the task of this class is to make full preparations physically and psychologically.
(2) Preparation (7 minutes)
In order to fully mobilize students' enthusiasm, exercise and prevent injuries, I will use games to lead in, which can help students forget their troubles and devote themselves to the classroom at the same time. The estimated time is 7 minutes.
1. Warm-up match: Yellow River and Yangtze River
The teacher first designated the Yellow River Group and the Yangtze River Group. Listening to the teacher talking about the Yellow River or the Yangtze River, the students reacted quickly, saying that the Yangtze River was finished, the Yellow River chased the Yellow River, the Yellow River was finished, and the Yangtze River chased the Yellow River. If you get caught, it will be a talent show.
2. Musical rhythm movement: stretching movement, squatting movement, side movement, body rotation movement, abdominal back movement, whole body movement, jumping movement and ending movement.
Stimulating students' learning enthusiasm through games can not only improve the excitability of the central nervous system, reduce muscle viscosity and increase joint flexibility, but also lay a foundation for the study of newly taught techniques.
(3) Basic part (25-30 minutes)
The following is my basic part, which is the central link of this class. The estimated time is 25-30 minutes, and I will teach through the following links.
First of all, I will show the teacher and ask questions:
Question: Pay attention to the breathing rhythm during running, and pay attention to the coordination of pace and breathing.
Organize teaching: four rows along the runway, the first row squat down.
According to the students' answers, I will explain:
The complete technology of middle and long distance running generally includes three parts: starting and accelerating running after starting, running on the way and running at the finish line. However, due to different running distances and different techniques, reasonable physical distribution in the whole running or the use of tactics in formal competitions will directly affect the performance of middle and long-distance running. When running, the head and upper body stand upright, the elbows of both arms bend easily and naturally, the thighs lean forward slightly, and the calves bend forward naturally; The forefoot is transferred to the ground with the whole foot, and the force is moderately pushed back to keep the center of gravity high and stable; Slightly smaller stride, light and relaxed; Breathe through your nose and half-open mouth. Generally, you take two or three deep breaths, and then take two or three deep breaths, paying special attention to strengthening the depth of breathing and a certain running rhythm.
After the lecture, in order to let students experience the movements better, I will use the following exercise methods:
(1)300-meter run, 600-meter run
Girls choose to run 300 meters, boys 600 meters, first experience the coordination of breathing and running rhythm, not seeking speed, but seeking breathing rhythm and running rhythm.
In practice (1), I will guide teaching by correcting students' mistakes.
Error 1: Operation not relaxed.
Through explanation, demonstration, individual guidance, etc. It is clear that the muscles of the whole body should be moderately relaxed, the upper and lower limbs should be coordinated, the upper body should be relatively upright, and the movements such as swinging arms, swinging legs and landing should be relaxed and natural to save physical strength;
B jogging, middle-speed running and repeated running with complete upper body further cultivate the sense of movement; And with rhythmic breathing, keep your movements relaxed.
After correcting 1, I will further consolidate my teaching achievements and exercises (2):
(2)400-meter running and 800-meter running
Organize teaching: The last group will rest for 3 minutes after running and continue to carry out consolidation exercises. In this process, teachers should pay attention to error correction.
In the second round of running, some students will have a "pole" phenomenon, and they will overcome the difficulties by slowing down and adjusting their breathing.
Correct the problem:
Mistake 2: the running rhythm is poor, and the physical strength is improperly distributed during the whole running process.
A through the explanation, demonstration and repeated practice of subsection running, cultivate the sense of movement and rhythm of running;
B Help students to analyze their technical characteristics and sports level, determine a more reasonable overall physical fitness distribution scheme, and deepen their experience through repeated segment running and overall running exercises, so as to consolidate and improve the overall running level.
Mistake 3: incorrect breathing method and unreasonable rhythm.
A through explanation, demonstration and individual guidance, clarify the correct breathing method and rhythm, as well as the necessity and importance; Combined with practice, let students experience the feeling of the whole running process;
B. During the whole running practice, students should be reminded to pay attention to the method and rhythm of breathing from time to time.
(3) Variable speed operation or alternate operation, etc. , improve general endurance. The forms can be roughly as follows: 100m middle speed running+100m jogging (or walking), 200m middle speed running+100m jogging (or walking), etc. The total amount of variable-speed running is generally controlled within the range of boys 1600-2000m and girls 1200- 1500m.
5. Competition
Run regularly (at a fixed distance) to develop general endurance and improve the technique of running on the way; Boys run for 5 ~ 7 minutes (1200 ~ 1500m) and girls run for 3 ~ 5 minutes (600 ~ 1000m).
Through step-by-step practice, students gradually master the essentials of dribbling in interesting practice, and the words of encouragement from teachers greatly stimulate students' interest in learning and make the classroom atmosphere reach a climax.
(4) The last part (5 minutes)
After the end of the basic part, stretch to help students eliminate fatigue. In order to prevent them from being injured and recover their physical strength quickly, a relaxation exercise with music is arranged to let them fully relax, which is expected to last for 5 minutes.
1. Relaxation activities-music relaxation exercises
Organization teaching: four rows of gymnastics formation.
Requirements: relax, fully relax physically and mentally.
At the end of classroom study, in order to make students transition from fierce competition to relatively stable state, I will take students to stretch with music.
2. Class summary: Teachers summarize their study and practice, praise the advanced and inspire all students.
To test the realization of the teaching objectives of this course and provide a theoretical basis for my after-class reflection.
3. Announce class, say goodbye to teachers and students, and recycle equipment.
Cultivate students' independent quality.
Eight, field equipment:
The above is the teaching process of this lesson. Let me introduce the equipment used in this lesson:
1 tape recorder, 2 tapes, 4 road signs, track and field.
Nine, the expected load:
Teaching presupposition is the vane of guiding curriculum. Only by setting strict teaching presupposition can we achieve teaching effect and prevent students from being injured. My teaching presuppositions are as follows:
Practice density: 30%-35%; Average heart rate: 120- 130 beats/min; Exercise intensity: above average.
Lecture Notes on "Middle and Long Distance Running" 2. Guiding ideology
With the deepening of physical education reform, physical education teaching is no longer limited to simple skill imparting or physical quality training. It is developing towards the concept of "education-oriented, health first and student development as the center". It is driven by this concept that this course focuses on "experience observation, inspiration thinking, cooperation and interaction", focusing on inquiry learning and cooperative learning, and strives to create a harmonious and relaxed learning atmosphere. In the teaching process, there are not only learning exercises organized and guided by teachers, but also cooperative learning among students, which cultivates students' active thinking ability. It fully embodies the application of research-based learning method in teaching, cultivates students' learning initiative, stimulates students' learning excitement, enables students to master the basic technical movements of running on the way in a happy, relaxed and independent atmosphere, improves their ability to run on the way, develops their physical fitness, exercises their hard-working spirit and exercises their body and mind effectively.
Second, talk about teaching materials.
The content of the textbook is the technical practice of running in the middle and long distance running. It belongs to one of the teaching contents of track and field module. Running on the way is the longest part of middle and long distance running, so the technology of running on the way will have a very important impact on the whole running performance. In the process of running on the way, according to the individual's speed and feeling, the whole physical strength is distributed in a planned way to better overcome the "extreme" reaction and complete the whole run. It is a teaching task to cultivate students' interests and hobbies in track and field according to the goals and tasks of physical education and the actual situation of students, so that students can master some basic knowledge, skills and techniques of track and field, exercise scientifically, develop their bodies, strengthen their physique and cultivate their spirit of unity, friendship and enterprising.
Third, the focus and difficulty of teaching content:
Emphasis and difficulty of teaching content:
Teaching emphasis: improve and improve the technique of running on the way.
Teaching difficulties: master the correct breathing method and cooperate with the running rhythm.
Fourth, analyze the situation of speaking and learning.
The teaching object of this course is senior two students. Students in this age group are becoming more and more mature physically and psychologically, and their cognitive and understanding abilities are greatly improved, so they can accept more difficult sports skills teaching. Although students' physical quality and imitation ability are different, they have a strong sense of learning, high interest and strong expression needs. Therefore, the primary measures in teaching are to stimulate students' interest, form a good interactive relationship between teachers and students, and adopt different teaching methods to promote students' active learning. Let students enjoy it, turn boring into fun, and then develop their ability to run on the way in happy activities. We have a certain cognitive basis on how to carry out study and research. We should make full use of this resource, guide students to explore, analyze and cooperate independently in study and practice, and improve their ability to solve problems.
Five, said the teaching objectives:
1. Cognitive goal: By creating a learning environment, students can understand and master the technology of running on the way, stimulate their interest in learning, and cultivate their attitude and behavior of actively participating in sports activities.
2. Skill goal: Through learning, 85% of students can improve their running skills, develop their running ability, and improve their coordination and speed.
3. Emotional goal: cultivate the attitude of active participation, the quality of tenacious struggle, feel the happiness of cooperation and mutual assistance and the sense of collective honor, and gradually establish harmonious interpersonal relationships.
Teaching means and methods of intransitive verbs.
(1) Language method (2) Intuition method (3) Complete method and decomposition method (4) Repeated practice method (5) Changing practice method (6) Game method and competition method (7) Cooperative inquiry method.
1, to stimulate interest in learning and arouse enthusiasm for practice.
In lesson preparation activities, students' emotions are mobilized through free running, double practice, celebrity effect and other methods to create a relaxed and active teaching situation for teaching. Change the boring, repetitive and single practice form, adopt various forms of practice, stimulate teenagers' curiosity and competitiveness, divert the attention of physical fatigue, and make students forget fatigue and devote themselves to practice. There are not only teaching situations in the classroom, but also students' initiative.
2, grasp the theme, step by step, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and break through difficulties.
The key and difficult point of this lesson is to solve the pedaling technique of running on the way and develop students' running ability. Around this center, we started with the preparation activities of the class, in which the leg pedaling is the main activity content, so that students can inadvertently start to contact some technical contents of running on the way. After the basic part begins, finish running by walking, jumping and taking a step back, and gradually break through the key points and difficulties. Then, through novel cross-running and game exercises, we can improve, consolidate and improve the skills of running on the way, develop students' running ability and realize the class goals.
3. People-oriented, teaching and educating people, cultivating sentiment and developing harmonious interpersonal relationships.
Create a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere from the beginning of class, adopt a variety of interesting practice methods, learn from each other, guide each other and encourage each other, so as to strengthen the mutual communication between students, reduce the teaching pressure, make the practice boring and interesting, and thus achieve the purpose of pleasure. Practicing by competition method not only improves students' fighting spirit, but also enhances the cohesion among students and their collective concept. Use physical exercise to hone students' tenacious will and form a positive mental outlook.
Seven, talk about teaching procedures: talk about teaching procedures:
(a), the preparation stage:
1, psychological preparation: through the classroom routine to achieve the effect of concentration, explain the content and objectives of the class so that students can be psychologically prepared for admission.
2. Physical preparation: adopt the method of synchronous running and double exercise to adjust students' physiological functions, stimulate and improve students' interest and excitement in learning, and make necessary material preparation for classroom teaching.
(2) Learning stage
A) Step-by-step teaching, from walking to running, from single-cycle leg pedaling to continuous and complete pedaling techniques on the way. From simple technical teaching to fierce competition teaching.
B) Through repeated practice, observation and comparison, using the practice form of fun games, the potential and enthusiasm of students' active learning can be mobilized and brought into play, and the technology of running on the way can be consolidated, improved and perfected.
(3), the final stage
Physical and mental relaxation: through the guidance of ideas, physique and entertainment activities, the purpose of relaxing body and mind is achieved.
Eight, oral teaching effect evaluation
1. Teaching evaluation: By studying teachers' evaluation and students' evaluation, the technical teaching and emotional teaching of this course are summarized.
2. It is estimated that more than 85% students can initially master the sports skills learned in class.
3. It is estimated that the students in this class have moderate exercise intensity, the highest heart rate is 65438 0.30 beats/min, the average heart rate is 65438 0.00 beats/min, and the exercise density is 35%-38%.
4. Method of measuring heart rate: For the same student, take the pulse to measure the heart rate after starting to warm up, learning to improve and ending recovery.
Lecture Notes on "Middle and Long Distance Running" 3. First, talk about teaching materials
1. Analysis of Textbooks
This lesson is the most basic one in physical education class teaching in primary schools, and it is also a relatively simple and boring one. As far as the classroom content is concerned, it is a section that reflects students' re-understanding of "running", a basic human ability. As far as the content of the textbook itself is concerned, it is relatively simple and boring for students. But in the process of students' quality growth, it is a technical training class that must be mastered.
This lesson makes the single boring content as interesting as possible in the arrangement of teaching materials, and chooses interesting teaching methods to stimulate students' interest in learning. In the preparation part, an intellectual game is chosen to make students do actions contrary to the teacher's orders, so as to stimulate students' interest in learning. Cultivate students' innovative consciousness through thinking, that is, transform boring and single endurance running into a form, increase their interest in learning and naturally give them as many goals as possible. Finally, the last part ended the lesson with relaxed and harmonious music.
2. Teaching objectives
According to the actual situation of teaching and the basic situation of students, combined with the requirements of cultivating students' sports consciousness in the new curriculum, the teaching objectives of this course are formulated:
(1) Use intellectual games to encourage students to devote themselves to study and practice with full enthusiasm. On the one hand, this design can stimulate students' interest in this course; On the other hand, it shows that physical education is not simply independent, but closely related to life and can be integrated with other disciplines.
⑵ Let students master the skills and methods of endurance running through self-experience and trial. Cultivate students' subjective consciousness.
⑶ Cultivate students' cooperative consciousness and innovative spirit.
3. Teaching emphases and difficulties
Key points: correctly master the running techniques and breathing rhythm in endurance running. The technique of running on the way and breathing rhythm are the most difficult basic skills for students to master in the process of understanding durable running, and also the basic skills for students to face middle and long-distance running teaching in the future, which need to be understood and mastered, so it is determined to be the teaching focus of this class.
Difficulty: the correct posture of middle and long distance running.
Second, students.
Most students are healthy and have no obstacles in motor skills. Students have strong organizational discipline, but their emotions change greatly. They like to play in class, their sports ability has developed to a certain extent, their imagination and creativity are rich, and their interest in learning is easy to stimulate. However, the exercise system is immature and the muscle strength and coordination are poor. Efforts should be made to cultivate students' initiative and enterprising attitude, master the correct methods of middle and long distance running, grasp the learning rules, and let students explore, understand and discover in the learning process. To create. Take students' body and mind as a whole, overcome difficulties and experience sports fun through reasonable sports practice; By engaging in appropriate sports, we can improve our sports skills, cultivate a healthy and happy attitude towards life, understand our physical changes, enhance our physique and cultivate students' strong will.
Second, preach the law.
1. Teaching methods: demonstration method, intuitive teaching method, conversation inspiration method, etc.
2. Learning methods: observation, practice, discussion, comparison and autonomous learning.
Only by combining learning guidance with teaching methods, with the characteristics of teaching materials and with students' reality can we help students find the best learning methods. Therefore, combined with the characteristics of teaching methods and teaching materials and the actual situation of students' psychology and physiology, students can actively use their brains and cooperate in exercise through preparation before class and independent study during class. In autonomous learning, students' ability to think and solve problems independently is cultivated through observation, thinking and discussion. Turn boring, single and lasting running into an interesting section of physical education class.
Third, talk about teaching procedures.
Endurance running is the key teaching material of physical education class track and field in primary schools. In the teaching process, in order to make students learn this lesson more intuitively and improve their interest in class, the specific teaching process is designed as follows:
1. Stimulate interest and introduce new lessons. 4 minutes
Arrange students to queue up, arrange interns, queue up for practice (intellectual games), and conduct warm-up activities and exercises. Meet the initial requirements of the course, so that students are in a state of physical excitement required by the course in a relatively relaxed environment.
2. Intuitive learning, enter a new lesson. 4 minutes
This is the key and difficult point of this lesson. Inspired by the teacher's explanation, autonomous learning and cooperative learning are carried out, and self-digestion is carried out in the games that students like to achieve the teaching objectives.
3. Discuss and analyze in groups and practice the competition. 29 minutes
(1) Teachers organize students to discuss and practice in groups, and sports cadres should take the lead in organizing.
(2) The competition lasts for 5 to 7 minutes, and the competition is conducted in groups to see which group has the most tricks.
(3) In the competition, the teacher should always remind them of the running skills and breathing rhythm methods on the way, and make a good referee.
(4) After the competition, teachers and students * * * summarize the situation of each group, praise the excellent teams, encourage students to evaluate themselves, and stimulate students' interest in self-exercise.
4. Relax in the self-created dance disciple practice. Two minutes
5. Summarize the comments in class, take back the equipment and bid farewell to teachers and students. 1 min
Fourth, after-class summary
1. Estimated physiological indexes:
(1) Class density: 35-40%
⑵ Average heart rate:135 5.
2. Through the study of this class, cultivate students' interest in endurance running and encourage students to take an active part in physical exercise at ordinary times.