The concept of mental health The Concise Encyclopedia of Britain explains that mental health refers to the best functional state that individual psychology can achieve within its own and environmental conditions, rather than absolute perfection.
Maslow and. The standard of 10 put forward by Mitelman is: having a moderate sense of security; Have a moderate self-evaluation; Moderate spontaneity and sensitivity; Keep good contact with the real environment; Can maintain the integrity and harmony of personality; Be good at learning from experience; Can maintain good interpersonal relationship in the group; Have realistic life goals; Moderately accept personal needs; You can keep your personality without violating the group principle.
Mariejahoda's mental health standard: know your identity, know your mood; Have achieved something and be able to face the future; Mental state is complete and beautiful, and can withstand pressure; Be independent and know what you need; Understand the objective reality truly and without distortion, but at the same time have compassion and empathy; Be the master of the environment; I can work, fall in love, play and solve problems.
Psychologist H.B.English( 1958) defines mental health as a continuous mental state. Under what circumstances, the parties can adapt well, have the vitality of life and fully develop their physical and mental potential. This is a positive and rich situation, not only without mental illness.
Sociologist W.W.Boehm believes that mental health is a social behavior that meets a certain level. On the one hand, it can be accepted by society, on the other hand, it can bring happiness to itself.
Personal growth interprets mental health as the most complete development of people's positive psychological quality and potential (Schultz, 1977), and holds that the best development of psychological potential depends on whether people can achieve something in their lives.
In the study of subjective well-being, mental health is defined as the synthesis of two concepts: positive emotion and life satisfaction. It is believed that the debate about positive emotions and negative emotions are different dimensions of mental health, and the balance between them is regarded as an indicator of happiness, while life satisfaction is regarded as a cognitive component, a supplement to happiness and a key indicator to measure mental health (Bradburn,1969; Andrews,1980; Dina, 1984).
In short, there is no unified concept of mental health at present, and each definition emphasizes an important feature of mental health, which is worth learning.
The importance of mental health 1946, the world health organization put forward that health is a perfect state of physical, psychological and social functions, not just the absence of disease and weakness.
At present, the connotation of health extends to paying attention to the quality of life of individuals. According to the World Health Organization, there are three important factors that affect people's mental health: change, poverty and aging. Today, two-thirds of diseases are related to people's lifestyles. Generally, in general hospitals, two-thirds of diseases are also related to psychosocial factors. Therefore, a healthy psychology is very important to adapt to the changes in the environment and improve physical health.
According to the definition of health by the World Health Organization, health should include three levels: biology, psychology and society. Only when these three levels are in good condition at the same time can they be said to be healthy. On the contrary, disease refers to various obstacles or abnormalities in the physical, psychological or social functions of individuals. This requires clinicians not only to consider whether the patient's body is sick, but also to pay attention to whether the patient's psychological and social functions are also damaged. For example, after a stroke, the patient's body appears hemiplegia, and at the same time, memory loss, emotional fragility, anxiety, depression, irritability and personality changes may occur. , will lead to the decline of patients' life and work ability, so that they can not engage in their original work and take care of their families. Therefore, patients may think that they have become? A cripple? Lose confidence in life and even commit suicide. This requires doctors to help patients recover their psychological and social functions while actively treating their physical diseases, and the recovery of psychological and social functions will also have a positive impact on the rehabilitation of physical diseases.
According to the World Health Organization's definition of health, if an individual has no physical illness, he can only be said to be in good health; If a person's psychological and social functions are in good condition, it can be called mental health. In fact, in the course of the disease, the damage degree of patients' physiological, psychological and social functions is often unequal. The damage of one level is main, or the damage of one level is primary, which in turn affects other levels and makes other levels abnormal, eventually leading to the overall abnormality of physiological, psychological and social functions. If the disease is mainly physical damage, it is generally called physical disease; If the disease damage is mainly manifested in psychological or social functions, resulting in abnormal individual psychological and social functions, it is called psychological disorder or mental illness.
According to the report of the World Health Organization (WHO, 1997), 20-30% of the undiagnosed patients in general hospitals have mental problems. 15- Among the patients diagnosed in various departments, 20% have mental problems; Among general practitioners and family doctors, 40-60% patients need psychiatric treatment. Other studies show that after adjusting age and sex, the prevalence of mental disorders in patients with chronic physical diseases is 25%, while that in patients without chronic diseases is 17.5%. The lifetime prevalence rate of mental disorders in patients with chronic physical diseases is 42% (the most common are material dependence, mood disorder and anxiety disorder), while it is 33% in people without long-term physical disability; Among the inpatients receiving short-term medical or surgical treatment, the incidence of mental disorders related to physical diseases is relatively high, and 30-60% have obvious psychosocial problems or abnormalities. More specifically, the probability of inpatients with physical diseases complicated with a special mental disorder is much higher than that of the general population: delirium 15-30% is high; Depression is 2-3 times higher; Panic attack 10-20 times higher; Material dependence is 3-5 times higher. Therefore, the non-psychiatric clinical field is actually an important place to screen and deal with psychiatric problems and relieve patients' psychological pain.
According to the data of China in 1980s, 9- 1 1% patients in general hospitals can be diagnosed as mental problems. In 1990s, it was found that 15% of outpatients had mental problems. This survey focuses on a narrow range of mental problems, so it does not mean that the incidence of mental disorders in patients with physical diseases in China is lower than that in foreign countries.
Eight standards of mental health 1. Normal intelligence.
2. Psychology and behavior are in line with age characteristics.
3. Harmonious interpersonal relationship
4. Know yourself and accept yourself
5. Face and accept reality
6. Be able to coordinate and control emotions and be happy.
7. Personal integrity and independence