China's Sustainable Development Strategy
As a developing country with a large population and relatively insufficient resources, China should pay special attention to this issue. The white paper "China Agenda 2 1 Century" drawn up by 1994 clearly stated that China must take the road of sustainable development. The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also clearly pointed out that "sustainable development must be placed in a very prominent position, and enhancing the ability of sustainable development is an important goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way." However, with the development of economy, some deep-seated contradictions caused by unbalanced development have become increasingly prominent, and the gap between urban and rural areas, regional gaps and the gap between the rich and the poor has been widening. At the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, our party proposed to "establish a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept and promote the all-round development of economy, society and people, that is, Scientific Outlook on Development". Scientific Outlook on Development's proposal marks the transformation of China's development concept, which is the value extension and sublimation of the concept of sustainable development.
(A) Sustainable development has become a long-term development strategy of China.
China is a developing country with a quarter of the world's population, with a fragile ecological environment and a serious shortage of per capita resources. The contradiction between development and resources and environment is very acute. Since the late 1970s, China has taken family planning and environmental protection as two basic national policies by summing up experiences and lessons, and sought the coordinated and common development of society, economy and environment by properly handling the fundamental relationship between population and environment.
After the Rio Conference on Environment and Development, in 1994, the government of China took the lead in formulating the China 2 1 century agenda-2 1 century China White Paper on Population, Environment and Development, which established the overall strategic framework and main objectives of China's sustainable development in the 21century, and became the medium-and long-term development guide for China's national economic and social development. After that, relevant state departments and many local governments also formulated departmental and local sustainable development implementation action plans accordingly.
1The Ninth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Outline of 20 10 Long-term Goals approved by the Fourth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress in March, 1996 take sustainable development as an important guiding principle and strategic goal, clearly make a major decision to implement the strategy of sustainable development in China's future economic and social development, and also specifically put forward the phased goals of sustainable development in various fields.
In 2003, with the vigorous promotion of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology and relevant departments, China established a national leading group for promoting sustainable development strategy, which was composed of several departments, and compiled the China 265438+ Action Plan for Sustainable Development in the Early 20th Century. This is an important policy document to further promote the sustainable development of China. According to the outline, China will promote sustainable development in six major areas.
In terms of economic development, we should actively participate in global economic integration by adjusting the industrial structure, regional structure and urban-rural structure in accordance with the principle of dynamic adjustment, and gradually promote all-round strategic adjustment of the national economy, thus initially forming a sustainable national economic system with low resource consumption and less environmental pollution.
In terms of social development, it is necessary to establish and improve the comprehensive population management and the system of prenatal and postnatal care, stabilize the low fertility level, control the total population and improve the quality of the population. Establish a medical and health system, a labor and employment system and a social security system that are compatible with the level of economic development. Greatly improve the level of public services. Establish and improve disaster monitoring, forecasting and emergency rescue systems, and comprehensively improve disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities.
In terms of resource protection, water, land, energy, forests, grasslands, minerals, oceans, climate and other resources should be rationally utilized, and the level of resource utilization and comprehensive utilization should be improved. Establish a safe supply system of important resources and a strategic resource reserve system to ensure the demand for resources for national economic construction to the greatest extent.
In terms of ecological protection, it is necessary to establish a scientific and perfect ecological environment monitoring and management system, form nature reserves with complete types, reasonable distribution and suitable area, establish a desertification control system, strengthen the management of key soil erosion areas, improve the agricultural ecological environment, strengthen the construction of urban green space, and gradually improve the quality of ecological environment.
In terms of environmental protection, it is necessary to control the total discharge of pollutants, carry out the prevention and control of water pollution in river basins, strengthen the prevention and control of air pollution in key cities and strengthen the comprehensive improvement of the environment in key sea areas. Strengthen the construction of environmental protection laws and regulations, supervise and enforce them, revise and improve technical standards for environmental protection, and vigorously promote the development of clean production and environmental protection industries. Actively participate in regional and global environmental cooperation, while improving the environmental quality of China, make contributions to the protection of the global environment.
In terms of capacity building, it is necessary to establish and improve the legal system of population, resources and environment, strengthen law enforcement, make full use of various publicity and education media, comprehensively raise the awareness of sustainable development of the whole people, establish a sustainable development index system and a monitoring and evaluation system, and establish an information sharing system for government consultation, the public and scientific research.
(B) the construction of sustainable development experimental area
The construction and development of China Experimental Zone for Sustainable Development has generally gone through two important stages: comprehensive pilot demonstration of urban social development and promoting the construction of experimental zone for sustainable development, which has gone through about 20 years. It should be said that the experimental area came into being in the tide of China's reform and development, and kept pace with the times, constantly expanding.
In order to do a good job in the construction of sustainable development experimental zone and promote the process of sustainable development in China, the state has formulated a series of policies and measures, such as the Measures for the Administration of National Sustainable Development Experimental Zone and the Planning Outline of Sustainable Development Experimental Zone.
China 2 1 Century Agenda Management Center has formulated the main statistical assessment indicators of social economy and ecological environment.
Category year
Index year year year year year year year year year year year year year.
Population 1, planned fertility rate (%)
2. Natural population growth rate (‰)
Ecology 3. Per capita green area (square meters)
4. Forest coverage rate (%)
money
Source 5. Per capita cultivated land area (mu)
6. Total energy consumption per 10,000 yuan output value (ton of standard coal)
7. Water consumption per 10,000 yuan of output value (ton)
ring
Environment 8. Industrial wastewater discharge compliance rate (%)
9. Domestic sewage treatment rate (%)
10, industrial waste gas emission compliance rate (%)
1 1, comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste (%)
12, domestic waste treatment rate (%)
famous book
Economy 13, average annual growth rate of GDP (%)
14, per capita GDP (ten thousand yuan)
15, growth rate of local fiscal revenue (%)
16, the proportion of added value of tertiary industry in GDP (%)
agency
Meeting 17, per capita disposable income of urban households (yuan)
18, per capita net income of rural households (yuan)
19, urban registered unemployment rate (%)
20. Tap water penetration rate (%)
2 1, coverage rate of endowment insurance for urban workers (%)
22. Coverage rate of farmers' social endowment insurance (%)
23. Number of health technicians per thousand people (person)
24. Coverage rate of cable TV population (%)
25. Neonatal mortality rate (per thousand)
26. Incidence rate of criminal cases (‰)
27, science and technology three expenses accounted for the proportion of fiscal expenditure at the same level (%)
28. Proportion of population with college education or above per 10,000 population (%)
29, education funds accounted for the proportion of fiscal expenditure at the corresponding level (%)
30. Illiteracy rate among young adults (‰)
This index system is an important evaluation index for us to grasp the sustainable development experimental area. At the same time, the priority project of China 2 1 century agenda has given guidance and support to the construction of the sustainable development experimental area. All parts of the country actively promote the construction of sustainable development experimental areas and develop healthily.
Up to now, 58 national experimental zones have been established in China, distributed in 24 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, covering a total population of 4010.2 million, accounting for 3.09% of the total population; The land area is * * * 1.2 million square kilometers, accounting for 1.26% of the total land area in China. At the same time, more than 90 provincial experimental zones have been established in each province, forming a pattern of promoting sustainable development strategy from the national and local levels.
(C) China's achievements in the process of sustainable development
Through hard work, China has made remarkable achievements in exploring a sustainable development path suited to its national conditions. In terms of economic development, China's national economy has developed rapidly and healthily, and its comprehensive national strength has been significantly enhanced. The gross domestic product has exceeded 1 1 trillion yuan, making it the country attracting the most foreign direct investment among developing China countries and the fourth largest trading country in the world. The people's material living standards and quality of life have been greatly improved, the economic growth mode is changing from extensive to intensive, and the economic structure is gradually optimized. In terms of social development, the momentum of excessive population growth has been curbed, the cause of science and technology education has made positive progress, and remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of social security system, poverty eradication, disaster prevention and mitigation, medical and health care, and narrowing the regional development gap. In terms of ecological construction, environmental protection and rational development and utilization of resources, the state's investment in ecological construction and environmental governance has increased significantly, the energy consumption structure has been gradually optimized, the comprehensive management of water pollution in key rivers and waters has been strengthened, breakthroughs have been made in the prevention and control of air pollution, and the level of comprehensive utilization of resources has been significantly improved. Through the work of returning farmland to forests, lakes and grasslands, the ecological environment has been restored and rebuilt. In the capacity building of sustainable development, various departments and localities have incorporated the idea of sustainable development into various plans and plans, and the people's awareness of sustainable development has been significantly improved. Laws and regulations related to sustainable development have been promulgated one after another and are constantly being improved and implemented.
Three. The Sustainable Development of Heilongjiang Province
Realizing sustainable development in an all-round way is the direction of economic and social development in our province at present and in the future.
(A) Heilongjiang Province, the construction of sustainable development experimental area
1. Background and general situation of the development and construction of the experimental area.
Over the years, the Heilongjiang Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government have attached great importance to the implementation of our province's sustainable development strategy and put forward a series of principles, policies and measures. First of all, raising awareness, comprehensively understanding and deeply understanding sustainable development in the whole province is an inevitable choice to achieve coordinated economic and social development and people's life progress, which requires the attention and extensive participation of leaders, so that the whole society can form a * * * understanding, intensify its work and persevere. At the same time, according to the characteristics of our province, the central task of implementing sustainable development is to comprehensively promote the strategic adjustment of economic structure, actively develop high-tech industries, accelerate the development of the tertiary industry, and vigorously develop green industries. In the development, we should pay attention to overall planning, absorb expert opinions, lay a solid foundation for construction, and pay close attention to the implementation of demonstration (priority) projects; Focus on dealing with the relationship between resources and market, and realize the optimal allocation and rational utilization of resources; Attach importance to ecological construction and handle the relationship between economic development and environmental protection; Handle the coordinated relationship between urban and rural development and promote regional integration.
In order to explore experience, better implement the strategy of sustainable development, further implement the central government's strategic deployment on revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China, accelerate the structural adjustment of resource-based cities, actively explore new ideas, new methods and new mechanisms, and promote economic transformation and sustainable development. Our province applied for approval, and Zhaodong, Anniversary and Hailin set up a national sustainable development experimental zone. First, Daqing experimental area explores the road of sustainable development of resource-based cities; Second, hailin city is an experimental area to explore the sustainable development of state-owned forest areas; The third is to explore the road of agricultural industrialization, solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and realize the sustainable development of Zhaodong experimental area. The experimental area will focus on economic construction, strengthen structural adjustment and capacity building, and accelerate the introduction, demonstration and popularization of technology. Economic construction, social development and ecological environment are changing with each passing day, and remarkable achievements have been made, which has accumulated valuable experience for the sustainable development of the province.
2. Main achievements in the construction of experimental area
(1) Rapid economic development
From 2003 to 2005, the per capita GDP (10,000 yuan/person) of the three national sustainable development experimental areas were 1.859654, 38+0.00, 20473.33 and 24887.67 respectively. The average annual growth rate of GDP is 1 1.57%, 12. 13%,17% respectively. The average annual growth rate of local fiscal revenue is: 12.63%, 13.83%,15.63%; The added value of tertiary industry accounts for 18. 15%, 19.90% and 20.70% of GDP respectively.
(2) the ecological environment has been improved
From 2003 to 2005, the per capita green area of the three national sustainable development experimental areas was 6.39 square meters/person, 6.6 1 square meter/person and 6.73 square meters/person respectively; The forest coverage rate is 28. 10%, 28.33% and 28.73% respectively.
(3) Overall progress in social undertakings
Employment and social security work have been solidly promoted, and people's quality of life has been significantly improved. The achievements in the construction of university parks and high schools and towns are gratifying, and the development of science and technology, education, culture and health is coordinated. The basic education has achieved remarkable results, with the completion rate of nine-year compulsory education reaching 99. 1%. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, the average length of education reached 8.9 years, 9./kloc-0 years and 9.6 years respectively.
(4) The population situation tends to improve, and the living standards of residents are constantly improving.
The natural population growth rate is declining. The fertility rate of family planning in the demonstration areas of sustainable development in these three countries has been increasing continuously, reaching 96.65438 03%, 97.00% and 97.67% in 2003-2005 respectively. The natural population growth rate is 3.3 1%, 3. 16% and 2.88% respectively. The living standards of residents have been continuously improved. From 2003 to 2005, the per capita disposable income of urban households was 6635.33 yuan/person, 8238.67 yuan/person and 99 19.67 yuan/person respectively; From 2003 to 2005, the per capita net income of rural families was 336 1.73 yuan/person, 4,065.43 yuan/person and 4,403.35 yuan/person respectively.
Fourthly, some thoughts on the implementation of sustainable development in our province.
Some important challenges facing the world today include poverty reduction, especially in rural communities where most of the world's poor live. Improve the ability of all countries, especially developing countries, to meet the challenges of globalization, including promoting capacity building, capital transfer and environmentally sound technologies. Promote responsible consumption and production patterns to reduce waste and excessive dependence on natural resources. Ensure that all people have access to the energy they need to improve their lives. Reduce health problems related to the environment, which are the root causes of many diseases in the world today. China and our province are no exception.
(A) Analysis of the conditions of sustainable development in Heilongjiang Province
1, the favorable conditions for realizing the sustainable development of Heilongjiang Province
(1) The comparative advantage of natural resources is outstanding. Heilongjiang Province is located in the northeast border of China, with a vast territory and a relatively small population. The landform is complex, the geographical environment is superior and the natural resources are abundant. There are world-famous great plains, forests and oil fields in the area, and the cultivated land area, forest land area and oil reserves rank first in the country. There are abundant coal resources, water resources and grass resources here, especially the fertile black soil, which is one of the three famous black soil belts in the world and has great potential for deep development. Heilongjiang province has a good ecological environment and a good foundation for developing eco-tourism and green food industry. The border between Heilongjiang Province and Russia is 3038 kilometers long, and there are 25 countries with first-class open ports, which has the geographical advantage of developing economic and trade cooperation with Russia.
Heilongjiang province has strong comprehensive economic strength. The province's GDP ranks 13, and the per capita GDP ranks 10. The comprehensive grain production capacity is about 30 billion kilograms, and the commodity rate is over 60%. It is an important commodity grain base in China. The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size ranks ninth in China, and heavy industries, mainly equipment and petrochemicals, occupy an important position in the national industrial structure. Infrastructure such as energy, transportation and communication is relatively perfect, which plays an obvious role in supporting and ensuring economic and social development.
Heilongjiang province has a strong industrial base with the help of the advantages of the old industrial base. Traditional pillar industries such as machinery, petrochemicals and food are growing, and emerging industries such as electronic information, biotechnology and new materials are developing rapidly. A large number of large enterprise groups occupy an important position in the same industry in China.
Heilongjiang province has obvious scientific and technological advantages and strength, with 55 colleges and universities, and 5 out of every 100 people have received college education, ranking seventh in the country. There are 83/kloc-0 scientific research and technology development institutions, and a large number of scientific research achievements are in the leading position in the country.
Judging from the present situation of resources, environment, society and economy development in Heilongjiang Province, it has favorable conditions and comparative advantages to realize sustainable development.
2. Unfavorable factors to realize the sustainable development of Heilongjiang Province.
Because Heilongjiang Province is a remote resource-rich province, influenced by the traditional development mode of simply consuming natural resources and pursuing economic growth for many years, the problems of resources, environment, society and economy are also prominent, mainly manifested in the serious destruction of resources and environment. The decline of forest resources, the decrease of forest stock, the weakening of forest ecological function, the sharp decrease of recoverable reserves of petroleum resources, the increase of mining cost, the deterioration of ecological environment in resource-based cities, the prominent problem of groundwater funnel sinking in oil fields and coal mining cities, the serious destruction of grassland vegetation and geological environment, and the intensification of "three-oriented" land use and soil erosion have become obstacles to the social and economic development of our province.
From the perspective of social and economic development, first of all, the structural problems of the three major industries in our province are outstanding, and the proportion of traditional industries is significant. The agricultural foundation is weak, the income sources of farmers are not diversified enough, and the growth rate is not fast. The technology, equipment and products of industrial enterprises are aging, and the development of the tertiary industry is lagging behind and the level is low. Secondly, as a national old industrial base, our province has outstanding system problems, a large proportion of state-owned economy, a low degree of marketization, a weak sense of market management, a low degree of development, backward enterprise management, an imperfect market system, imperfect market functions, inflexible market mechanism and a lack of sustained internal motivation for economic development.
These problems have become the obstacles to realize the sustainable development of our province, and they are also the key problems that our province must make great efforts to solve.
The practice in China and the international community shows that the traditional development mode of pursuing economic growth through high consumption, pollution before treatment, demand before recovery or compensation is no longer suitable for today's and future development needs. We must strive to find a sustainable development path that is in harmony with population, economy, society, resources and environment, and can meet the needs of contemporary people without endangering the ability of future generations to meet their needs. As a province with serious destruction of resources and environment but still comparative advantages, the structural and institutional problems of the three major industries are outstanding, but the industrial technology foundation is still strong, and the status of Heilongjiang Province as a resource-rich province and an old industrial base in Northeast China still exists. Therefore, at present and in the future, our province is faced with the historical responsibility of protecting, saving and effectively utilizing natural resources, improving the ecological environment and promoting the all-round development of social economy. Heilongjiang Province has become a "natural laboratory" to study the sustainable development of China in the positive variable-speed growth stage. Our province should make full use of this favorable opportunity, conscientiously implement Scientific Outlook on Development and take the road of sustainable development with Heilongjiang characteristics.
(B) Scientific Outlook on Development leads the sustainable development.
Scientific Outlook on Development is a powerful ideological weapon to guide the construction of a harmonious society, which reflects the requirements of the progress of the times and the needs of practical development. Comrade Hu Jintao pointed out: "We should strengthen the consciousness and firmness of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, fully grasp the requirements of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, establish and improve the system, system and mechanism of implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, effectively put Scientific Outlook on Development in the whole process and every link of economic and social development, and effectively put economic and social development into a people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development track."
Starting from the reality of the new century and new stage, Scientific Outlook on Development strives to grasp the objective law of development, focuses on enriching the connotation of sustainable development, innovates the concept of sustainable development, explores the ideas of sustainable development, and solves the problems encountered in the process of sustainable development. Scientific Outlook on Development summed it up from the practice of sustainable development, and guided the whole process of sustainable development as a systematic and complete theory, that is, practice-theory-practice.
In the process of implementing sustainable development, there are many economic, social, resource and environmental problems. Obviously, to solve these problems, we must establish a new understanding of development from the height of Scientific Outlook on Development, and use Scientific Outlook on Development to guide the sustainable development strategy and countermeasures, so as to effectively promote the sustainable development process of our province.
(3), the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, the implementation of sustainable development strategy in our province.
To implement the sustainable development strategy of Scientific Outlook on Development and our province, we should at least grasp its connotation and essence from three dimensions: economics, sociology and ecology. The direction of economics is based on regional development, distribution of productive forces and optimization of economic structure. A key point in this direction is to try to use "the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to offset or overcome the diminishing rate of marginal benefit of investment" as an important indicator and basic means to measure sustainable development. The direction of sociology is based on social development, social distribution and interest balance. A key point in this direction is to strive to achieve a reasonable balance between economic benefits and social fairness and justice as an important indicator and basic means of sustainable development. The ecological direction is based on ecological balance, natural protection and sustainable utilization of resources and environment. A key point in this direction is to strive to achieve a reasonable balance between environmental protection and economic development as an important indicator and basic principle of sustainable development.
(1) We should fully mobilize the enthusiasm of governments at all levels and the public to participate in sustainable development.
Local governments, enterprises and the public are the main bodies to implement the sustainable development strategy. The effect of a country's sustainable development strategy and the degree to which local governments, enterprises and the public participate in sustainable development are mutually causal. Facts have also proved this point. Canada, Sweden, Finland, Italy and so on. The overall level of implementing sustainable development strategy in these countries is high, and the participation of local governments, enterprises and the public in sustainable development is also high.
Our province has a vast territory, with great differences in natural resources and economic development levels, different problems encountered in development, and different emphasis on promoting sustainable development strategy. Therefore, how to mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments to participate in sustainable development is the key to promote the implementation of sustainable development strategy. First, regulate the rights and obligations of local governments to implement the sustainable development strategy through laws; The second is to implement the "green GDP" assessment system, that is, to establish a sustainable development index system suitable for China's national conditions; Third, the evaluation index of sustainable development should be included in local economic accounting and performance evaluation of government officials.
As far as public participation is concerned, how to let a wide range of social classes and the public participate in decision-making is the basic condition to ensure that government decision-making reflects the fundamental will of the people. This is not to let everyone solve the problems facing global sustainable development, but to urge people to help each other. Although the government has done a lot of work in raising public awareness of environmental protection in recent years and achieved remarkable results, objectively speaking, the public awareness of environmental protection in China is still very weak, and many pollution incidents are caused by the weak public awareness of environmental protection. Therefore, it is also very important to mobilize the public to participate in the implementation of the sustainable development strategy. To this end, the first thing is to bring environmental protection into the education system, not only the vocational education system, but also into the compulsory education system. Pay attention to the environment and start with dolls. The second is to play the role of non-governmental organizations and mobilize the public's sense of participation. In our country, the government is still the leading force to implement the sustainable development strategy, but it is the necessary condition and foundation for the government to implement the sustainable development strategy to play the role of non-governmental organizations and mobilize the public's participation consciousness. Governments at all levels should actively learn from the environmental roundtable system of some western countries, establish similar mechanisms with China characteristics, and attract representatives of non-governmental organizations to participate in the environmental decision-making process and supervise environmental law enforcement.
(2) Adjust the industrial structure with sustainable development as the goal.
From a global perspective, under the impetus of high technology, the optimized industrial structure is characterized by tertiary industry >: secondary industry > primary industry. However, the primary industry in our province is dominant, and the secondary industry is mainly heavy chemical industry, steel, building materials and coal production. The structural pollution caused by this unreasonable industrial structure is very serious. Therefore, to adjust the industrial structure, we should not only optimize the proportion of industrial structure, so as to maintain a reasonable proportion among the three major industries and within each industry, but also optimize the resource intensity of industrial structure, so that the structure dominated by labor-intensive industries will be transformed into a structure dominated by capital-intensive industries with the improvement of productivity, and finally into a structure dominated by technology-intensive industries. In this industrial restructuring, we should constantly strengthen environmental management and strictly control the launching of projects and enterprises with serious pollution. For example, when importing production equipment from abroad, we should not ignore the introduction of environmental protection equipment to prevent the disconnection between production equipment and environmental protection equipment and the transboundary transfer of pollution. More importantly, it is necessary to formulate environmental and economic policies, eliminate structural pollution, and vigorously develop environmental protection industries. According to the situation of resources, capital, technology and demand in our province and the requirements of economic development, we should grasp the long-term development trend and direction of the industry, and select and determine the strategic industries in a certain period: leading industries, pillar industries and bottleneck industries. By developing strategic industries, we will promote the coordinated and optimized development of various industrial sectors of the national economy. In addition, we should combine the development of strategic industries with environmental protection, pay equal attention to economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits, and guide industries to reduce the demand for resources and reduce the damage caused by demand to the environment.
(3) Strengthen the position and role of agriculture in the sustainable development strategy.
Our province is a big agricultural province, and the sustainable development of agriculture is an important part of our province's social and economic sustainable development, and it is the inevitable choice of our province's agricultural development in 2 1 century. It is necessary to establish the position and function of agricultural sustainable development strategy. We must pay attention to the exploration of agricultural biological seed resources and the genetic improvement of important characters; Do a good job in the study of the occurrence law and sustainable control of agricultural pests and diseases; Ensure the efficient use of agricultural environmental resources and ecological security; The establishment of compound agricultural ecosystem will make our province's agriculture step into the track of sustainable development and realize the coordinated development of agricultural development and social environment resources.
(4) People-oriented, coordinating social development, social distribution and interest balance.
Sustainable development has become a major concern of the international community and a hot spot of international cooperation. Sustainable development is not only manifested in the sustainable development of economy, but also in sociology and ecology. We should rely on science and technology to solve bottlenecks and constraints. Broaden the channels of international cooperation and strive for international assistance. In the process of development, we should put people first and coordinate social development, social distribution and interest balance. Only by correctly handling the relationship between social development, social distribution and interest balance can we promote and realize sustainable development.