2) Hyperglycemia leads to atherosclerosis and microangiopathy. Diabetes mellitus is often accompanied by lipid metabolism disorder and hyperlipidemia, especially the increase of triglyceride. Therefore, long-term diabetes is often accompanied by coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, renal failure and other cardiovascular diseases, which often become the main cause of death.
3) Hyperglycemia can also cause neuropathy and numbness and pain in limbs.
4) Hyperglycemia will interfere with and damage the normal defense system of the body, especially the skin infection in skin folds such as the outer cortex and toes. , will cause pale skin, purple skin, sore surface erosion, long-term ulcer, gangrene, and finally end in amputation. It is also easy to be complicated with suppurative infection, urinary tract infection and tuberculosis.
Question 2: What are the serious consequences for people with high blood sugar? (1) Acute complications.
1, diabetic ketoacidosis This disease is the most common acute complication of diabetes mellitus, which is common in 1 type diabetes mellitus. It mostly occurs in poor metabolic control, accompanied by infection, severe stress, interruption of insulin treatment and eating disorder. If metabolic control is poor and accompanied by severe stress, type 2 diabetes will also occur. Delaying diagnosis or treatment can lead to death. The mortality rate of young or old patients, coma or hypotension is higher. The mortality rate of experienced medical centers in the United States is less than 5%, but it can be as high as 10% in primary hospitals in China.
2. Diabetic nonketotic hyperosmotic syndrome
This syndrome is more common in elderly patients. Coma, shock and multiple organ failure caused by severe hyperglycemia and imbalance of water and electrolyte. The mortality rate of this syndrome is extremely high, even in advanced hospitals, the mortality rate can still be as high as 15%.
3. Lactic acidosis
The incidence of diabetes complicated with lactic acidosis is not high, but the mortality is high. It mostly occurs in patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency, or patients with hypoxic diseases such as chronic cardiopulmonary insufficiency, especially those who take phenformin at the same time. It is mainly due to the accumulation of lactic acid, a sugar metabolite of anaerobic glycolysis in the body, which leads to hyperlactaemia, further reducing the PH value of body fluids and leading to lactic acidosis.
(2) Chronic complications
1, vascular complications
Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of disability, death and economic loss in diabetic patients. Coronary heart disease accounts for about half of diabetic patients who die of cardiovascular diseases. Since the 1980s, due to the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerotic diseases and the achievements of prevention and treatment experiments, the incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease in the general population in western countries have shown an obvious downward trend. Diabetes is not the case, but the prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases are increasing. The annual incidence of cardiovascular disease in diabetic population is 2 ~ 3 times higher than that in non-diabetic population of the same age and sex. The 7-year follow-up study of male primary prevention group aged 5 1 ~ 59 in Framingham, USA and the study of coronary heart disease events and deaths in Finland (type 2 diabetes 1059 cases, non-diabetes 1373 cases) all showed that the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients were significantly higher than those in non-diabetic patients. The third report of adult treatment group of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP-ATPⅲ) in the United States pointed out that the risk of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients without myocardial infarction in the past 10 is similar to that in non-diabetic patients with myocardial infarction in the past, so diabetes is considered as an equal-risk disease of coronary heart disease. Type 2 diabetes is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease.
The dysfunction of arterial endothelial cells and arterial endothelial injury in diabetes mellitus, followed by early reaction to vascular injury and acceleration of atherosclerosis are important reasons for the increase of coronary heart disease events and deaths. At the same time, diabetic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, congestive heart failure and arrhythmia caused by cardiac autonomic neuropathy are also important reasons for increasing the death of cardiovascular diseases. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and injury and atherosclerosis are based on diabetic insulin resistance and its related risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, small and dense LDL-C increase, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, PAI- 1 increase, hyperhomocysteinemia (metabolic syndrome) and smoking. As a multi-risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome exists not only in diabetes, but also in pre-diabetes, such as impaired glucose tolerance. Therefore, when dealing with diabetes, we should effectively carry out early intervention and prevention to minimize the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases.
2. Diabetic cerebrovascular disease
Ischemic encephalopathy caused by cerebral atherosclerosis is the most common diabetic cerebrovascular disease, such as transient ischemic attack (TIA), lacunar cerebral infarction, multiple cerebral infarction and cerebral thrombosis. Cerebral thrombosis in diabetic angiopathy mostly occurs in the middle cerebral artery, while lacunar cerebral infarction is more common in the blood supply areas of deep perforating branches of the brain, such as putamen, internal capsule, thalamus and pontine base. Because of the high incidence of diabetic hypertension (20% ~ 60%), hemorrhagic encephalopathy can also occur.
The incidence of diabetic stroke in China is higher than that in western countries, and generally higher in the north than in the south. In 2002, cerebrovascular disease was the second leading cause of death for urban residents and the first leading cause of death for rural residents in China. The incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in diabetic patients is significantly higher than that in non-diabetic patients, especially in women. Framingham research results 45-74 years old >>
Question 3: What are the consequences of hyperglycemia and a series of complications? It's best to go to the hospital for diagnosis and make corresponding treatment and health care according to the diagnosis. Glycosylated hemoglobin is a key indicator. If glycosylated hemoglobin has exceeded the normal value, diabetes should be treated according to classification.
Question 4: What are the hazards of hyperglycemia? Under normal circumstances, the human body can ensure the balance of blood sugar sources and ways through hormone regulation and nerve regulation, so that blood sugar can be maintained at a certain level. However, under the combined effect of genetic factors (such as family history of diabetes) and environmental factors (such as unreasonable diet and obesity), the blood sugar level will rise if their regulatory function is disordered. So, what are the hazards of hyperglycemia? The harm of hyperglycemia. Short-term, one-off hyperglycemia is not serious harm to human body. For example, in a state of tension or emotional excitement and high tension, transient hyperglycemia may occur; Eating a lot of sugar at a time can also lead to short-term hyperglycemia; Subsequently, the blood sugar level gradually returned to normal. However, long-term hyperglycemia will cause pathological changes in all tissues and organs of the whole body, leading to acute and chronic complications. Such as pancreatic failure, water loss, electrolyte disorder, nutritional deficiency, decreased resistance, impaired renal function, neuropathy and fundus lesions. It is imperative to control hyperglycemia. People's healthy life is closely related to the stability of external environment (such as air and water) and internal environment (such as blood and interstitial fluid). Hyperglycemia destroys the internal environment of human body, causing a series of biochemical and pathological changes and affecting the functions of various organs. It can be seen that sugar friends should actively stabilize blood sugar at a normal level under the guidance of doctors to prevent or delay the occurrence of complications. [ 1]
Satisfied, please adopt.
Question 5: What are the hazards of high blood sugar in diabetic patients at night? It has the following hazards:
1, tired and weak.
2, the resistance is reduced.
3. Metabolic disorder.
4, leading to various chronic symptoms of blood vessels and nerves.
5, when blood sugar rises, eye vision tends to decline.
It is suggested to do the following, which has a good effect on lowering blood sugar:
1, don't eat foods with high sugar content, such as candied fruit, chocolate and cream cakes.
2, and don't stay up late in life, go to bed early and get up early, ensure sleep and exercise more.