At 0: 02 on October 6th, 2005, the1300 millionth citizen of China was born in Beijing Maternity Hospital, which also became "China1300 millionth Population Day".
On October 9th, 2005/kloc-0, Liu Zhifeng, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Construction of China, said that the urban population of China was about 540 million, accounting for 4 1.8% of the total population. & gt& gt
According to the data of the fifth national census in 2000, at 0: 00 June165438+10.65438, the difference of China's total population is 129533 million.
human population
(ten thousand people)
Ground difference
human population
(ten thousand people)
Ground difference
human population
(ten thousand people)
Beijing
1382
Tianjin
100 1
Hebei Province
6744
Shanxi province
3297
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
2376
Liaoning province
4238
Jilin province
2728
Heilongjiang province
3689
Shanghai
1674
Jiangsu Province
7438
Zhejiang Province
4677
Anhui province
5986
Fujian Province (excluding Jinmen, Mazu and other islands)
347 1
Jiangxi province
4 140
Shandong Province
9079
Henan Province
9256
Hubei province
6028
Hunan province
6440
Guangdong Province
8642
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
4489
Hainan province
787
Chongqing
3090
Sichuan Province
8329
Guizhou Province
3525
Yunnan Province
4288
Xizang Autonomous Region
262
Shanxi(Province)
3605
Gansu province
2562
Qinghai province
5 18
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
562
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
1925
Active servicemen of China People's Liberation Army
250
China is also one of the countries with high population density in the world, with an average population density of 0/34 people per square kilometer. But the distribution is quite uneven: the eastern coastal areas are densely populated, with more than 400 people per square kilometer; More than 200 people per square kilometer in the central region; The western plateau is vast and sparsely populated, with less than 10 people per square kilometer. The total Tibetan population in Tibet has doubled in 40 years, and the permanent population in Shenzhen has reached 8,269,400.
The population composition of China is roughly as shown in the following figure (%):
By sex
By urban and rural areas
By age
male
woman
cities and towns
village
/kloc-under 0/4 years old
15-64 years old
Over 65 years old
5 1.65%
48.5%
37.7%
62.3%
22.5%
70.4%
7. 1% China is the most populous developing country in the world. Large population, relatively insufficient resources and weak environmental carrying capacity are the basic national conditions of our country at this stage, which are difficult to change in a short time. The population problem is a long-term problem faced by China in the primary stage of socialism, and it is a key factor related to the economic and social development of China.
Solving the population problem as a whole has always been an important and urgent strategic task for China to achieve economic development, social progress and sustainable development. Since the 1970s, the China government has adhered to the basic national policy of family planning, encouraged late marriage and late childbearing, advocated a couple to have one child, and made reasonable arrangements to have a second child according to laws and regulations. After 30 years' efforts, China has effectively controlled the excessive population growth, reduced the fertility level to below the replacement level, realized the historic transformation of population reproduction types from high birth rate, low mortality rate and high natural growth rate to low birth rate, low mortality rate and low natural growth rate, successfully explored a road to comprehensively control the population problem with China characteristics, effectively promoted the improvement of China's comprehensive national strength, social progress and people's living standards, and played an important stabilizing role.
China government insists on the comprehensive decision of population and development. Incorporate population development into the overall plan for national economic and social development, and strive to coordinate population development with economic and social development and adapt to resource utilization and environmental protection. Since the 1990s, symposiums on population, resources and environment have been held every year to make overall consideration, coordinate deployment, mobilize all social forces, take various measures such as law, publicity, economy and administration, comprehensively manage and solve the population problem, and closely combine economic development, family planning, universal education, health promotion, poverty eradication, social security improvement, women's status improvement and building civilized and happy families. In 2003, the State Family Planning Commission changed its name to the National population and family planning commission, in order to strengthen the research and comprehensive coordination of the population development strategy and make and implement the population development plan more scientifically. At the beginning of 2004, China Municipal Government organized multidisciplinary experts and scholars to formally launch the "Study on National Population Development Strategy", which made a comprehensive, in-depth and systematic study on the changing trend of population quantity, quality, structure and distribution and its interaction with economy, society, resources and environment. The study of national population development strategy puts forward the strategic idea of giving priority to people's all-round development and realizing the transformation from a populous country to a powerful country with human capital, which provides decision support for scientifically formulating the national medium-and long-term population development plan and the overall national economic plan and realizing the coordinated and sustainable development of population, economy, social resources and environment.
On February 9th, 2006, the State Council City, China issued the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020), proposing that the population target in the future 15 years is to control the population within1500 million. One of its development ideas in the field of population and health is to control the number and improve the quality of the birth population. Focus on the development of key technologies such as fertility monitoring and reproductive health, and develop a series of reproductive drugs, instruments and health products to provide effective scientific and technological support for controlling the population within/kloc-0.5 billion and the birth defect rate below 3%.
The other three development ideas include: moving forward the focus of disease prevention, insisting on prevention first, and combining health promotion with disease prevention. Study the key technologies of prevention and early diagnosis, and significantly improve the ability of diagnosis and prevention of major diseases; Strengthen the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine and promote the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the inheritance and development of Chinese medicine theory, through technological innovation and multidisciplinary integration, enrich and develop Chinese medicine theory, build technical methods and standard systems suitable for the characteristics of Chinese medicine, improve clinical efficacy and promote the healthy development of Chinese medicine industry; Develop major new drugs and advanced medical equipment. We will overcome key technologies such as new drug creation, large-scale medical devices, medical materials and drug release systems, accelerate the establishment and improvement of the national drug creation technology platform, and promote independent innovation of major new drugs and medical devices.
The outline points out that stabilizing the low fertility level, improving the quality of the birth population and effectively preventing and treating major diseases are the inevitable requirements for building a harmonious society. It is urgent for science and technology to provide strong support to control the population and improve the quality of the population and the health level of the whole people. To this end, the outline also identifies safe contraception and prevention of birth defects, prevention and treatment of major non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and tumors, prevention and treatment of common and frequently-occurring diseases in urban and rural communities, inheritance and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine, advanced medical equipment and biomedical materials as priority themes for scientific and technological development in the field of population and health.
In terms of quantity, quality, structure and distribution, the population of China is as follows:
I. Population
At the end of 2005, the total population of China was 654.38+307.56 million, an increase of 7.68 million over the end of last year. The annual birth population was 1.6 1.7 million, and the birth rate was 1.2.40‰. The death population was 8.49 million, with a mortality rate of 6.51‰; The natural growth rate is 5.89‰.
Main composition of population in 2005
Unit: ten thousand people
The huge population has always been one of the most striking features of China's national conditions. Although China has entered the ranks of low-fertility countries, due to the inertia of population growth, China's population will continue to grow at an average annual rate of 8 8- 10/00000 at present and in the next decade. According to the current total fertility rate of 1.8, the total population of China will reach1.300 million and1.400 million in 2065, 438+00 and 2020 respectively. The peak of the total population will appear around 2033, reaching about 65.438+0.5 billion.
Affected by the third baby boom in11980s and11990s, the number of women aged 20 -29 will reach a peak in 2005 -2020. At the same time, as the only child has gradually entered the childbearing age, according to the current fertility policy, the fertility level within the policy will be improved. The above two factors work together, leading to the fourth birth peak in China.
The huge population has many influences on China's economic and social development, which not only provides rich labor resources for economic and social development, but also brings heavy pressure on economic development, social progress, resource utilization, environmental protection and many other aspects.
At the end of 2005, China carried out a national sampling survey of 1% population. This survey takes the whole country as a whole, with provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government as sub-populations, and adopts stratified, multi-stage and cluster probability ratio sampling methods. The final sample unit is the survey community. The sample size of this survey is 6.5438+070500, accounting for 654.38+0.365.438+0% of the total population of China. Under the unified leadership of the State Council and local people's governments at all levels, and through the hard work of investigators, all the tasks of the investigation have been basically completed.
Second, the quality of the population.
The China Municipal Government has strengthened the construction of public health undertakings and continuously improved the health quality of the population. The average life expectancy increased from 35 years before the founding of New China to 765,438 0.8 years in 2004. The maternal mortality rate dropped from 1.500/65438+ million in the early 1950s to 5 1/65438+ million in 2004, and the infant mortality rate dropped from 200‰ before the founding of New China to 2004. The morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases, parasitic diseases and endemic diseases have been greatly reduced. New infectious diseases such as atypical pneumonia and bird flu have been effectively monitored and controlled, and remarkable progress has been made in AIDS prevention and control.
Generally speaking, the health quality of China population is not high. The incidence of birth defects is 4-6% every year, about 6,543.8+0,000 cases. Tens of millions of endemic patients and disabled people have brought a heavy burden to families and society. The situation of AIDS prevention and control is still very grim. It is estimated that as of June 5, 2003 to February, there were about 840,000 people living with HIV and AIDS in China. In 2004, the epidemic situation showed the coexistence of low prevalence in the whole country and high prevalence in some areas and specific populations.
The government of China has accelerated the development of education, and the scientific and cultural quality of the population has been significantly improved. In 2004, the coverage rate of nine-year compulsory education in China reached 93.6%, and the average years of education for people aged 6 and above reached 8.0 1 year (including 8.5 years for men and 7.5 1 year for women), which was 1.75 years higher than 1990. The crude illiteracy rate (the proportion of people aged 65,438+05 and over 65,438+05 who are illiterate or have little literacy) dropped to 8.33%, which is 7.55 percentage points lower than the population aged 65,438+0990. The proportion of people with various education levels in the total population is: college or above 5.42%, senior high school 12.59%, junior high school 36.93% and primary school 30.44%. The number of people with higher education has greatly increased, and the proportion of people with primary education has gradually decreased.
The overall level of scientific and cultural quality of the population in China is not high, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, the crude illiteracy rate of the population is much higher than that of developed countries below 2%; Second, the gross enrollment rate of universities is much lower than that of developed countries; Third, the average length of education is not only lower than the average level of education in developed countries, but also lower than the world average (1 1 year). In addition, there are obvious differences in the educational level between urban and rural populations. In 2004, the average length of schooling in urban areas was 9.43 years, while in rural areas it was 7 years. The urban illiteracy rate is 4.9 1%, and the rural illiteracy rate is 10.438+0%.
Third, the population structure.
According to the age structure of the population, among the total population of1299.88 million at the end of 2004, the population aged 0- 14 was 279.47 million, accounting for 2 1.50% of the total population, and the population aged 0-/5-64 was 921. The population aged 65 and over is 98.57 million, accounting for 7.58%. The above data show that:
First, at present, the social support of China's population is low, the proportion of working-age population is large, and the labor resources are abundant, which provides a strong impetus for rapid economic development. The next 20 to 20 years will be the demographic window of China's economic and social development. However, the huge working-age population has also brought great pressure to employment. At present, there are nearly10 million new laborers in cities and towns, and there are more than 200 million surplus laborers in rural areas. In addition, the working-age population will continue to grow. It is predicted that in 20 16 years, the working-age population aged 15-64 will reach the peak of 1 kloc-0/0/0, and it will still reach10 in 2020. This puts higher demands on employment, industrial restructuring and social development.
Second, in 2000, the proportion of the elderly population over 65 years old reached more than 7%. According to international standards, China has entered an aging society. It is predicted that by 2020, the number of elderly people over 65 will reach 654.38+64 billion, accounting for 654.38+066.5438+0% of the total population, and the number of elderly people over 80 will reach 22 million. China's aging has the characteristics of fast speed, large scale and "getting old before getting rich", which has great influence on the future social dependency ratio, savings rate, consumption structure and social security.
Thirdly, according to the gender structure of the population, at the end of 2004, the male population was 669.76 million, accounting for 5 1.5%, and the female population was 630 1.2 million, accounting for 48.5%. The sex ratio of the total population is about 1.06. Since 1980s, the sex ratio at birth has been rising, from 1 17 in the fifth national census to 1 19 in 2003, and even as high as 130 in some provinces. In order to curb the rising trend of the sex ratio at birth, the state has taken a series of measures, promulgated the Population and Family Planning Law, the Provisions on Prohibiting Fetal Sex Identification and Sex-selective Artificial Termination of Pregnancy, and launched the "Care for Girls Action" to advocate gender equality and comprehensively address the problem of high sex ratio at birth.
Four. population distribution
In terms of urban and rural distribution, the urban population reached 542.83 million at the end of 2004, accounting for 465.438+0.76% of the total population, and the rural population was 757.05 million, accounting for 58.24%. In recent years, due to the active promotion of population urbanization and upgrading of industrial structure, and the implementation of the development strategy of cities driving rural areas and industries feeding back agriculture, the population urbanization rate has increased at a rate of more than 1 percentage point per year. Take various measures, make rational planning, guide the transfer of rural surplus labor to non-agricultural industries, strive to improve the environment for farmers to work in cities, and promote the orderly flow of rural labor. In 2004, the floating population in China has exceeded 65.438+0.4 billion. A large number of rural laborers go to work in cities, which provides abundant labor for urban development and improves rural economic conditions. According to the annual increase of population urbanization rate 1 percentage point, about 300 million people will be transferred from rural areas by 2020.
At the same time, the management and service system of floating population is seriously lagging behind and needs to be improved urgently. The huge floating population puts great pressure on urban infrastructure and public services. The floating population's rights in employment, children's education, health care, social security and family planning are not effectively guaranteed, which seriously restricts the orderly flow and rational distribution of the population, and it is difficult to coordinate urban and rural and regional development.
Facing the complex population problem, the China Municipal Government embarks from the strategic height of building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious socialist society, adheres to a people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable Scientific Outlook on Development, constantly improves population policies and programs, and comprehensively solves the population problem with people as the foundation. While stabilizing the low fertility level, we should improve the quality of the population, improve the population structure, guide the rational distribution of the population, and promote the coordinated and sustainable development of population, economy, society, resources and environment. At 00: 00 (Beijing time) on June 2, 2006, the population of China has reached:
1423625968 people.