How to do bone mineral density test?
It can be divided into the following four types: (1) single photon absorption method (SPA): generally, the junction of radius and ulna (middle and lower forearm 1/3) is selected as the measuring point. Generally, right-handed people measure the left forearm and left-handed people measure the right forearm. This method is widely used in China, with simple equipment and low price, and is suitable for epidemiological investigation. This method can't measure the bone density of hip and axial bone (spine).
(2) Dual-energy X-ray absorption method (DEXA): X-ray tube balls pass through a device to obtain two kinds of energy, namely, low-energy and high-energy photon peaks. After this photon peak penetrates the body, the scanning system sends the received signal to the computer for data processing, and obtains the bone mineral content. The instrument can measure the bone mass of any part of the whole body with high accuracy and little harm to human body. The radiation dose of a site is equal to 1/30 of chest radiograph and 1% of QCT. There is no problem of radioactive source decay, which has been gradually carried out in major cities in China and has broad prospects.
(3) Quantitative CT(QCT): In recent 20 years, computed tomography (CT) has been widely used in the field of clinical radiology. QCT can accurately select specific parts of bone to measure bone density, and can evaluate the bone density of cortical cancellous bone respectively. Clinically, fractures caused by osteoporosis are often located in areas rich in cancellous bone such as spine, femoral neck and distal radius. QCT can be used to observe the changes of bone mineral density in these parts. Because the subjects receive a lot of X-rays, they are only used for research work at present.
(4) Ultrasonic measurement: Because of its non-radiation and sensitive diagnosis of fractures, it has attracted wide attention. The attenuation of sound wave velocity and amplitude can reflect bone mineral content, bone structure and bone strength, and has a good correlation with DEXA.
Excuse me, doctor, how is the bone density examination done?
Check it with a bone density detector. Only one minute. Some use the ones that used to take off their shoes and socks, which is quite troublesome. At present, most of the ultrasonic bone densitometers are used, which will be measured on the wrist for a while, with T value and Z value, and the doctor will explain the meaning of each value to you.
Under what circumstances should bone mineral density be examined?
1, young and middle-aged women: Bad living habits are constantly harming the health of urbanites, and osteoporosis is gradually appearing early. From the age of 25 to 35, more than 50% of white-collar women have more serious bone loss than men, and the incidence rate is significantly higher than that of men. Women feel back pain, a considerable part of which is the early symptom of osteoporosis. Nowadays, many young women are prone to osteoporosis because of dieting to lose weight, sitting more and exercising less, unbalanced diet and other reasons. Men who smoke and drink: Because of smoking and drinking, as well as metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension, the bone mass of middle-aged men began to decrease. If you are prone to fatigue, soreness, fatigue, hyperhidrosis, numbness, cramps and other symptoms, it is necessary to carry out bone mineral density examination. 2. Children who like carbonated drinks: Children who regularly drink carbonated drinks are three times more likely to have fractures than other children. Children who watch TV or computer too much are at greater risk of osteoporosis in adulthood because of lack of outdoor exercise. In addition, obese and picky eaters should have their bone density checked. Postmenopausal women: 3. When the female menopause comes, the bone mass decreases obviously, so the measurement of bone density is very important. Measuring bone mineral density to prevent osteoporosis is a must for middle-aged and elderly women after 50 years old. If there are additional risk factors for osteoporosis, such as taking corticosteroids, smoking and drinking a lot of coffee for a long time, it is necessary to have an annual physical examination. 4, renal insufficiency, diabetes, chronic liver disease, hyperparathyroidism and other people. 5. The elderly are the key population of osteoporosis, so we must pay attention to bone mineral density examination. 6. People with low levels of sex hormones. People with a family history of related bone diseases. X-ray examination shows that there are changes in osteoporosis. 9. Pregnant women should check their bone mineral density in the third and sixth months of pregnancy and supplement calcium in time. 10, people who take drugs that may affect bone mineral metabolism.
How to measure bone mineral density
In the past, X-ray plain film was the most commonly used method to diagnose bone diseases. But in recent years, bone mineral density detection has gradually emerged. The main clinical value of bone mineral density detection is early diagnosis of osteoporosis, and its function is to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC). However, X-ray plain film can only see the changes of osteoporosis when bone mass is lost by more than 30%-50%, and is often used for the diagnosis of bone diseases such as fractures and bone tumors. Both have their own advantages and cannot be equated. The earliest bone density detection is to determine the bone content of human body by using radionuclide through the density change of radiation produced by human body, which has single photon and two photon products. Radionuclides are not widely used because of their nuclear decay, unstable radiation sources and poor accuracy. At present, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the main method to detect bone mineral density. Because this kind of ray can penetrate bone and soft tissue at the same time, different tissues have different reactions to X-rays with two kinds of energy, so the data of the measured substance can be corrected and calculated by mathematical formula. Bone mineral density detection can be used to diagnose osteoporosis and determine the whole body composition, which is helpful to understand the relationship between bone, muscle and fat. These indexes are of great significance for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and obesity. The images obtained by dual-energy X-rays are more accurate, clearer and more accurate than those obtained by radionuclides, but the energy of dual-energy X-rays is not as large as that of ordinary X-rays, which is almost negligible and not enough to cause radiation damage to human body. It is precisely because of its advantages that bone mineral density detection can now be used as a routine physical examination item for middle-aged and elderly people over 45 years old, especially menopausal women. Clinically, in addition to diagnosing osteoporosis, it is also used to predict osteoporotic fractures, guide treatment and monitor treatment effect, determine bone mass of endocrine and metabolic diseases, and evaluate children's growth and nutritional status. Middle-aged and elderly people should have a bone mineral density test once a year in order to find osteoporosis early and treat it symptomatically. Doing so can prevent bone loss at an early stage, delay aging, and greatly help improve the quality of life of the elderly. At present, it is considered that there is no absolute taboo in bone mineral density testing, so pregnant women should use it with caution.
How to treat the data of bone mineral density examination?
With the increase of age, a lot of calcium nutrition in the body is consumed, and calcium needs to be transferred from bone to blood, which leads to the decrease of bone density and osteoporosis. Long-term infusion of bone calcium into the blood may lead to the increase of calcium in blood vessels, tissues and cells. Causes numbness, neurasthenia, constipation, lethargy, arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, tumors and other senile diseases. The main indexes of bone mineral density examination are bone strength and calcium content in the body. Bone mineral density examination is an advanced technology in modern medicine. It provides valuable comparable data by scanning and measuring the bone mineral content of the subjects, which plays an important role in diagnosing the influence of various diseases on bone metabolism. Does it hurt to have a bone mineral density check? At present, most bone densitometers have the advantages of high precision, simple operation and no damage. Patients do not need special preparation before examination, and there is no pain during measurement, similar to CT and X-ray examination. The measurement results are statistically processed by the computer. Generally speaking, the bone mineral density examination is carried out one part at a time, and the examination results also reflect the bone mineral density value of a certain part, so it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the overall situation. How to treat the data of bone mineral density examination? The value of 1) T is to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) obtained by examination with that of normal young people, so as to get the number of standard deviation (SD) higher than (+) or lower than (-) for young people, which is the most meaningful value for diagnosing osteoporosis. 2) Z value is the value obtained by comparing the BMD measured by examination with that of normal people of the same age. Although Z value is of little significance to the diagnosis of osteoporosis, it can reflect the severity of osteoporosis.
What is the use of bone mineral density examination?
Bone mineral density examination mainly checks whether there is calcium deficiency and fracture risk. It is related to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a quiet epidemic, because osteoporosis can have no symptoms before fracture, and it mostly occurs in postmenopausal women and elderly men. If you find osteoporosis, you can't rely on your own feelings. Don't wait until you find yourself with low back pain or broken bones. Because if osteoporosis leads to fractures in the spine, buttocks and other parts, the consequences will be very serious.
1) to detect bone mineral content, assist in diagnosing nutritional deficiency such as calcium, and guide nutritional intervention and treatment;
2) According to the bone density corresponding to age, predict the bone nutritional status and growth rate;
3) Diagnosis of osteoporosis Doctors use bone mineral density measurement to judge whether patients have osteoporosis.
4) Fracture risk assessment Bone mineral density (BMD) can predict the fracture risk, and analyze how likely you are to have a fracture through scientific methods, so as to be aware of it.
In addition, bone mineral density examination is suitable for children, adults, pregnant women and the elderly. Health adjustment through bone mineral density examination.
Nanjing Jinke New Generation Ultrasonic Bone Mineral Density Instrument
Working principle: the ultrasonic probe is excited by electric pulse, and the ultrasonic probe emits ultrasonic waves, which pass through the heel of the tested person to reach another ultrasonic transducer. Because the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation are different when the ultrasonic wave penetrates different bones, the ultrasonic bone densitometer can obtain the T-Score(T value), Z-Score(Z value) and BQI by calculating SOS (ultrasonic velocity) and BUA (broadband ultrasonic attenuation).
Scope of application: Ultrasonic detection of heel bone density.
Main technical parameters
Safety characteristics
Anti-electric shock type: Class I equipment
Application part: Type B application part.
Operation mode: intermittent loading and continuous operation.
Used in air mixed gas: it cannot be used for flammable anesthetic gas mixed with air or flammable anesthetic gas mixed with oxygen or nitrous oxide.
performance parameter
Ultrasonic working frequency: 0.5MHz, error: 10%.
Ultrasonic velocity error: ≤ 2%
Measurement time: ≤25s
The frequency range used to calculate BUA is 200-500kHz.
Repeatability of broadband ultrasonic attenuation (UBA) measurement: ≤ 5%
strong function
Information input: patient's name, age, gender, etc.
Parameter measurement, calculation and display: SOS, BUA, BQI, T score, Z score, T ratio and Z ratio.
Inspection and confirmation: daily inspection function
Report output: display, store, set, preview and print.
host machine
Size: 497mm× 279mm× 210mm (Osteo KJ 2000).
645mm× 330mm× 360mm (Osteo K3000, Osteo K3000+)
Weight: 7.9 kg (Bone Strength 2000)
13kg(OSTEOKJ3000, OSTEOKJ3000+ type)
Input voltage: single-phase AC 220V 10%%.
Frequency: 50Hz
Input power: < < 200 volt-ampere
Continuous working time: > 8 hours
Liquid inlet protection: IPX0
Fuse: AC 250V, 3. 15A.
Ultrasonic probe
Central frequency: 0.5 MHz 10%
-6db broadband: > 60%
Diameter: 31.75mm.
Excitation voltage: 200 peak-to-peak, pulse width: 1us.
Liquid inlet protection: IPX7
Connector type: Q9
environmental requirement
Service temperature: 10 ~ 30℃
Transportation/storage temperature:-10 ~ 40℃
Working humidity: 30 ~ 70% relative humidity
Transportation/storage humidity: relative humidity 0 ~ 80%, no condensation.
Atmospheric pressure: 860 ~ 1060 hectopascals
Shock wave: Do not exceed 2g within 6 microseconds.
Environmental sanitation: Install and use this equipment in a clean and well-ventilated environment to avoid dust and smoke. After each use, clean the instrument and cover it with dust cloth. ...& gt& gt
What are the precautions for bone mineral density examination?
Matters needing attention in detecting bone mineral density: 1. People under the age of 20 are advised not to detect bone mineral density; 2. Both legs have fractures or joint replacement; 3. It is suggested not to detect the harm of bone density osteoporosis for patients with heel skin ulceration: osteoporosis is a progressive disease with age, which is characterized by decreased bone density and increased bone brittleness, so it is easy to be complicated with fractures. Osteoporosis can be caused by aging, menopause and endocrine diseases. The incidence of osteoporosis in people over 50 years old is 50%, which makes them prone to fractures, especially the femoral neck, spine and radioulna. Among them, the mortality rate caused by complications within 6 months after femoral neck fracture exceeds 20%, which brings a very heavy burden to family and society. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis can prevent the occurrence of fractures. Learn more? Click here to consult an expert online. Health experts suggest that osteoporosis has few symptoms and is not easy to be found early. Therefore, I suggest that you do a bone density screening to understand your bone condition. Healthy Family Website has won recognition and praise from all walks of life for its international high-end service and quality. It has successively won the top ten influential brands of health management services in China, the top ten medical institutions in China and the best model brand in China medical industry, and was selected as the only designated medical institution in the 20 12 Miss World City Competition. And the website of Health House has set up many health check-up packages for our friends, which can check their physical condition in detail and ensure their health as much as possible. There's a package for you!