(20 14? Hulunbeier) is a table showing the contents of main substances in plasma, urine and urine samples of a healthy person (unit: g100 ml).

Plasma contains water, glucose, inorganic salts, protein, urea and other components. When blood flows through the glomerulus, water, glucose, inorganic salts and urea enter the renal capsule cavity through the inner walls of the glomerulus and renal capsule, and become raw urine. When the original urine flows through the renal tubules, most of the water, some inorganic salts and all glucose will be reabsorbed, and the remaining components will become urine. After two processes, the concentration of each component will also change.

(1) Sample A in the chart contains glucose, inorganic salts and urea, which is raw urine; Sample b contains protein and glucose in plasma form; Sample C contains inorganic salts and urea, but does not contain glucose and protein, so it is urine.

(2) Nephron is the basic unit of kidney structure and function, which consists of renal capsule, renal tubule and glomerulus.

(3) Due to the pathological changes of glomerulus 5, its permeability is enhanced, and protein of blood cells and macromolecules in the blood enters the urine, resulting in proteinuria or hematuria.

(4) Drink plenty of water, so that the wastes produced by human body can be excreted with urine in time, because urination is of great significance to normal life activities of human body, which can not only discharge wastes, but also regulate the balance of water and inorganic salts in the body and maintain the physiological functions of tissues and cells. In winter, it is wrong for some students to drink less water in order to go to the toilet less.

So the answer is:

(1) urine

(2)2、5、3

(3) Glomerulus

(4) no; ? Drinking a proper amount of water every day is conducive to the timely excretion of waste in the body with urine; Drinking a proper amount of water every day is of great significance to regulating the balance between water and inorganic salts in the human body; Drinking a proper amount of water every day is of great significance for maintaining the normal physiological function of tissues and cells (a reasonable answer can be scored)