A classic idiom has a short story.
Cock crow and practice sword-diligence and self-discipline
Zu Ti in Jin Dynasty was an open-minded and ambitious person.
But he was a naughty boy when he was a child and didn't like reading. When he entered his youth, he realized his lack of knowledge and felt that he could not serve his country without studying, so he began to study hard.
He read widely and studied history carefully, so he began to study hard. He read widely and studied history carefully, from which he learned a wealth of knowledge and made great progress.
He has been in and out of Luoyang, Kyoto for many times, and people who have contacted him say that Zu Ti is a talented person who can assist the emperor in governing the country. When Zu Ti was 24 years old, he was recommended as a lawyer, but he didn't agree. He still studies tirelessly.
Later, Zu Ti and his childhood friend Liu Kunyi became the main book of Sizhou.
He and Liu Kun have deep feelings. They not only share the same bed, but also share the same lofty ideal: to make contributions, revitalize the state of Jin and become a pillar of the country.
Once, in the middle of the night, Zu Ti heard the cock crow in his sleep. He kicked Liu Kun awake and said to him, "Everyone else thinks it's unlucky to hear a rooster crow in the middle of the night. I don't think so. How about we get up and practice swords when we hear chickens crow in the future? " Liu Kun readily agreed.
So every day after the rooster crows, he gets up to practice his sword, and the light of the sword flies and the sound of the sword is sonorous.
Spring goes to winter, cold goes to summer, and it never stops.
Many things happen. After long and arduous study and training, they finally became generalists who can write good articles and lead troops to win the battle.
Zu Ti was named General Zhenxi, realizing his desire to serve the country. Liu Kun became the commander-in-chief in charge of military affairs in Hebei and Youzhou, and also gave full play to his literary talent and military talent.
This story comes from the Biography of Zu Ti in the Book of Jin.
The idiom "smell the chicken and dance" describes energetic and promising, and also means that people with lofty ideals should cheer up in time.
The story of the second classic idiom is very short.
If the lips are gone,
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Guo repeatedly invaded the State of Jin and decided to destroy it. Doctor Xun came up with a plan: "Guo and Yu are as close as lips and teeth." We can use the state of Yu to crusade against the state of Guo first, and then destroy it by the way. "
Jin Xiangong thought that Yugong might not agree to borrow money.
Xun said to him, "Qi Huangong is insatiable. If we give him beautiful jade with thorns and a good horse with crooked ground, he will definitely forget the benefits and readily agree to our request. " Jin Xiangong also cherishes beautiful jade and good horses, and is unwilling to give them to others easily, so he hesitates. Xun said to him, "This is only a stopgap measure. After we destroy Guo, we will go to crusade against Guo. It won't be long before we can get back the beautiful jade and the good horse. " After weighing, he agreed to Xun's proposal and sent him to Yuzhou to lobby with Meiyu and a good horse. Yu Gong was overjoyed to see these precious gifts and immediately agreed to lend them to the State of Jin.
Yu Gong is a man of insight. He said to Yu Gong, "There is a proverb that says,' Your lips are dead and your teeth are cold.' If the lips don't exist, the teeth will feel cold. This is the relationship between Yu and Guo. Once Guo perishes, we are not far from the day of national subjugation. Therefore, the state of Jin is absolutely not allowed to borrow. "Danger male heart only mei-yu and a good horse, don't listen to gong's opinion.
Seeing that this proposal was not accepted, Gong Qizhi led his men to flee abroad to protect themselves. On the way, he sighed with emotion: "Yuzhou is going to be in great trouble, and I'm afraid it will become a vassal of the State of Jin before the New Year."
The army of the State of Jin crossed the territory of the State of Yu and reached the capital of the State of Guo. The people of the State of Guo never dreamed that the State of Jin would emerge from the border of the State of Yu, and before they could resist, they became conquered people. On his way back to China, Jinbanshi passed through the capital. The foolish old man went into town without saying hello to reward the Jin army and congratulate them on their victory. The Jin army seized the opportunity, made a surprise attack, captured the monarch and ministers of Yuzhou, and then went into the city to recapture the beautiful jade and good horse that bribed the foolish old man. Until now, the foolish old man woke up from his dream and regretted being greedy for money and not listening to advice, but it was too late.
The stories of three classic idioms are very short.
play a decisive role
Dou Rong plays an important role in Hexi region. When Wang Mang seized power in the Western Han Dynasty, he served as general Shui Bo, commanding heavy troops. Later, Liu Xuan, the former emperor, destroyed Wang Mang. He surrendered to the former emperor and became a giant deer satrap. After the defeat, the emperor began to have no successors, so he joined forces with Jiuquan, Dunhuang and other five counties to form a separatist force in Hexi and became a general of the five counties.
Hexi folk customs are relatively simple, and the policies implemented in Dou Rong are relatively loose. Therefore, the government and people in the territory live in peace and have enough food, and the exiled people nearby have surrendered to Durong. At that time, the five counties in Hexi were stronger than Mazhuang, and they were famous all over the world.
Later, Liu Xiu established the Eastern Han regime. He was Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty. Dou Rong always felt that the separatist regime was not a long-term solution after all. He wanted to submit to Guangwudi and be a loyal minister in the Han Dynasty. So he sent Liu Jun, a long history, to write to Guangwudi and offer horses.
When Liu Xiu learned that Dou Rong had the idea of surrender, he was very happy. At the moment, he was made a shepherd in Liangzhou, rewarded with 200 Jin of gold, and invited Liu Jun to take a letter to Dou Rong.
Liu Xiu pointed out in the imperial edict that the military and civilians in the five counties of Hexi were stable and prosperous, which should be attributed to the governance of Du Rong. He also said that he knew that Dou Rong had made great contributions, so he liked him very much.
Liu Xiu pointed out that between him and Dou Rong, there are Gongsun Shu in Shu and Xiao Wei in Tianshui. They occupied the land, one wanted to compete for the world and the other wanted to profit from the war. In the situation of the struggle between Shu and Han, submission to whom plays a decisive role in the overall situation. If he wants to move one step, it will affect the weight of both sides.
The stories of the four classic idioms are very short.
Excited
Ji Kang was one of the famous "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" in Wei and Jin Dynasties, with a good reputation. He was personable and brilliant, and many people admired him at that time. Ji Kang wrote many poems and papers in his life. He mentioned the sinister environment many times in his poems. "Birds try their best to hide their bows and seek extreme physical and mental risks. Although good and bad are in their own hands, the world is full of dangers. " These poems mercilessly exposed and criticized the reality at that time. His thesis, however, is clear-cut, with concentrated arguments and strong arguments, full of exposure to the society at that time and criticism of people who are polite. For example, in On Health, he advocated "quiet, less selfish and less lewd" and criticized the gentry for leading an indulgent life, especially for those who want to live a long life and enjoy themselves. He said that such people "want to be swayed by considerations of gain and loss, but they are afraid of losing. If they suffer, they will not lose. " In the world, you can't be arrogant, plump, meticulous or lost! "Ji Kang is like this. He thoroughly described the abnormal psychology of extremely greedy scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties, which was caused by the sudden gathering of gains and losses and the impermanence of life and death.
The stories of five classic idioms are very short.
Unnecessary worry
During the Spring and Autumn Period in China, there was a man from the State of Qi who was always worried that one day he would suddenly fall down and he had nowhere to live. He is so worried about it that he can't eat well and sleep well all day.
Later, when one of his friends learned of his worries, he was worried that it would damage his health, so he went to enlighten him and said, "God, it's just some gas accumulation. There is gasoline everywhere. For example, lifting your legs and bending over, talking and breathing are all moving in the sky. Why are you worried that the sky will fall? "
After listening to this, the people of Qi still asked with lingering fear: "If the sky is some accumulated gas, will the sun, moon and stars in the sky fall down?"
Enlighten his friend to continue to explain: "the sun, the moon and the stars are just some luminous air masses, and even if they fall, they will not hurt people."
However, Qi people's worries are not over yet. He then asked, "What if the ground sinks? What should I do? "
His friend added, "The ground is just some piled stones. It is everywhere in the southeast and northwest, and there is not a place without stones. For example, if you take a step standing, you are walking on the ground. Why worry that it will sink? "
Qi people were very happy after listening to their friends' enlightenment. His friends are also glad that he won't hurt his health because of unprovoked sadness.
At that time, there was a Chu thinker named Chang Luzi. After hearing the conversation between Qi people and their friends, he didn't agree. He smiled and commented: "those rainbows, clouds, storms, and the changes throughout the year, all these accumulated gases are isomorphic to the sky;" And those mountains, rivers and oceans, Jin Mu flint, all these sediments are isomorphic with the ground. Since you know that the sky is a gas accumulation and the earth is a lump, how can you conclude that the sky and the earth will not change? In my opinion, the so-called heaven and earth is just a small celestial body in the universe, but it is also a tangible thing, which has not ended itself and is difficult to exhaust; Therefore, people's imagination and understanding of this matter is very natural. Qi people are worried that the sky will fall, and it is indeed a bit too much; But his friend said it was impossible for the sky to fall, which was also wrong. Heaven and earth can't be bad, it will eventually be bad. It will be really bad one day. How can people not worry? "
Li Yukou, a man from the Warring States period, also made a statement about this debate. He thinks: "it is absurd to say that heaven and earth will be bad;" It is also absurd to say that heaven and earth will not be bad. We don't know whether heaven and earth will be bad. However, it is an opinion that heaven and earth will be bad, and it is also an opinion that heaven and earth will not be bad. It's like the living don't know the taste of the dead, and the dead don't know the situation of the living; The future does not understand the past, and the past cannot predict the future. In that case, will heaven and earth be bad after all? Why should I take it to heart? "
There is no doubt that if we look at heaven and earth with today's scientific common sense, we can completely assert that Qi Guoren and his friends, as well as ancient ideological parents Lu Zi and Li Yukou, are biased. But this story still shows that people should not be trapped in endless sadness and cannot extricate themselves from problems that cannot be recognized and solved in an era. It is better to be open-minded in life.
The stories of six classic idioms are very short.
Expose one's heart
After Emperor Wang Fu of Han Ping usurped the Han regime, peasant uprisings broke out in various places, among which the Red Eyebrow Army and outlaw heroes were the most powerful. In 23 AD, the peasant army fought a decisive battle with Wang Mang's 420,000 troops in Kunyang (now Yexian County, Henan Province). One of them, a general named Liu Xiu, was very active. This battle, follwed defeat, almost completely annihilated. Soon, the peasant army invaded the capital and killed Wang Mang. Liu Xuan of the royal family was honored as the son of heaven, while Liu Xiu was named Xiao Wang because of his great contribution.
Liu Xiu is a very shrewd man. He doesn't want Liu Xuan to be emperor. On the north bank of the Yellow River, Liu Xiu expanded his power while attacking the scattered peasant army against Liu Xuan. In AD 24, Liu Xiu defeated the Red Eyebrow Army in Weizhou and Puyang, and incorporated the surrendered troops. The commander-in-chief of the army is Hou, and all other troops are appointed to official positions.
However, these surrendered officers and men were very uneasy and worried that they would be wiped out by Liu Xiu in the future. Seeing their heart disease, Liu Xiu took an unexpected measure: he ordered every general to return to the old headquarters and take charge of the original military forces; He only took a few followers to inspect the surrenders himself, and did not guard them to show his absolute trust in them. When these surrendered officers and men saw that Liu Xiu regarded them as one of their own, they immediately dispelled their doubts and said to each other, "Xiao Wang has taken out his heart and put it in someone else's stomach. What else can we worry about? " Shouldn't you go through fire and water for him? "Therefore, the officers and men are very obedient to Liu Xiu." Used to be "? The original words in the Chronicle of Emperor Guangwu are: "Xiao Wang pushed his heart and put it in a person's stomach, so he didn't report his death! "
According to this history, later generations summed up the phrase "confide in your heart" as the idiom "confide in your heart".