The blood vessels under the tip of the tongue are purple, and the big ones are purple-black. What's the problem?

Hello: Normal people have thin and white fur. Because the ends of filiform papillae in the tongue mucosa differentiate into "keratinized trees", the gaps between branches of the "keratinized trees" are often filled with exfoliated keratinized epithelium, saliva, bacteria, mold, food residues and oozing white blood cells. These opaque substances cover the red color of the tongue capillaries, and the keratinized epithelium can absorb water and turn white when wet, thus forming a normal thin, white and moist tongue coating. Tongue coating is too white: mostly cold syndrome, thin and slippery mostly due to exogenous wind-cold, thick and white and slippery mostly due to cold dampness or cold phlegm. Yellowing of tongue coating: it is generally more common in the process of heat-induced diseases, indicating that the struggle between evil and righteousness is very fierce, and the disease enters the stomach meridian and the evil turns to heat. Blackness of tongue coating: mainly caused by hyperplasia of filiform papillae of tongue. There are different shades such as brown black, gray black, burnt black and dark color. Chinese medicine believes that patients with this kind of moss must have a long illness period and their condition is more complicated and serious. The tongue coating is gray or greasy, thin and slippery: it is mostly internal cold, with signs of physical weakness and fever, or indigestion after a long illness. Tongue is purple to blue: typhoid yang syndrome, lubrication without coating. The tongue coating is brown: intestinal obstruction. Mirror tongue: that is, the tongue is not coated and smooth as a mirror. Mild malnutrition, or lack of iron or vitamin B2: In vivo: severe cases indicate that the body fluid is insufficient and the condition is serious. If the mirror tongue of a patient with a long illness is crimson, it is also necessary to prevent sepsis. If the old man's tongue is as smooth as a mirror, the two veins at the base of the tongue become thicker and longer, indicating that he has cor pulmonale. Tongue piercing: there is a small blank in the middle of the tongue coating, and the tongue coating has fallen off. Penetrating the heart and tongue is the manifestation of yin injury, which often indicates insufficient nutrition in the body. Children are stripped of their fur, indicating that they are undernourished, mainly because partial eclipse leads to the lack of some nutrients in the body, resulting in some tongue coating being stripped. This kind of child has poor physical resistance and is prone to catch a cold or have a fever. Cow tongue: that is, the tongue is dark red and the tongue coating peels off like beef. Cow tongue is common in patients with pernicious anemia. Rot moss: It is a kind of thick, big and loose moss, which looks like bean curd residue. There is a thick layer on the tongue, which is easy to scrape off and will gradually accumulate after a while. Rotten moss suggests that there is more yang in the human body, which can lift and dispel the turbid and rotten gas in the stomach. It is a sign of the dispute between good and evil and the improvement of the condition. Greasy tongue coating: the center and root of the tongue are thicker, the tip of the tongue is slightly thinner, and the particles are fine, which cling to the tongue and cannot be wiped off or scraped off. The tongue coating is covered with a layer of greasy mucus, and most of the tongue is covered with it, so it is invisible. Looking at it with a magnifying glass, the number of silky nipples with greasy fur and their branches increased, and the keratinized trees of each nipple were intertwined and not easy to fall off, containing a lot of mucus and food particles. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that greasy fur means that yang is suppressed by yin evil, and there must be pathological changes in the body, such as dampness, turbid phlegm or indigestion, and turbid phlegm. Such as acute and chronic gastroenteritis. Mildew moss: The moss is similar to rotten moss, floating and scattered, but the tongue coating is similar to rotten moss and laid flat on the tongue surface, but it is like gray spots or rice grains, and it is piled up on the tongue with different thickness. Therefore, it can be concluded that mold coating is usually due to weakness or excessive use of hormones, immunosuppressants and broad-spectrum antibiotics, which leads to low immune function, poor resistance, imbalance of flora and mold growth and reproduction. This kind of moss usually occupies a part of the tongue first, and then it can spread to the whole tongue or the whole mouth. Most of the diseases are serious. Moldy moss is of great value to the diagnosis of mycosis. Thorn tongue: refers to the tongue surface with many red thorns protruding, like the fruit of grass mold. Puncture holes appear on the tip of the tongue or the edge of the tongue, indicating that the heat is abundant, which can be seen in patients with various febrile infectious diseases or large-area burns; Puncture in the tongue is mostly due to more toxic heat or heat entering the blood, which is easy to shock and coma. People who suffer from insomnia, constipation or work stress at night, as well as vitamin deficiency, malnutrition and cerebral cortex dysfunction, will also have red thorns on their tongues, which is called yin deficiency and excessive fire in Chinese medicine. The sting on the tongue still hurts. After rest, adjust the nutritional structure, the stool will be unobstructed, and the puncture will soon disappear. Modern research believes that prick is caused by the hyperplasia or hypertrophy of the nipple of the previous generation of tongue. Cracked tongue: Cracks on the tongue surface include deep cracks, shallow cracks and cracks and wrinkles in different directions. Shallow cracks are like wrinkles, deep cracks are like being cut by a knife, and the cracks are irregular. About 0.5% of normal people are born with cleft lip. According to modern medicine, the superficial fissure of the tongue surface is mainly caused by the atrophy of the tongue mucosa, which makes the original longitudinal and transverse stripes of the tongue muscle surface; Deep cleft tongue is a serious atrophic lesion of the tongue, which makes the lingual muscle epithelial layer lose its normal structure, the lingual papilla partially flatten and fuse, and some atrophy and fracture form cracks. The patterns of cracks on the tongue are really strange, including vertical, horizontal, forked, well-shaped, stubborn, sulcus-like and cobblestone-like. Pathological cleft tongue often coexists with atrophic tongue, which can be seen in some chronic wasting diseases, as well as cases of chronic glossitis caused by malnutrition and vitamin B deficiency, so tongue pain and dry mouth often occur. Long-term map tongues, some of which can later be transformed into cleft tongues. Chinese medicine believes that people with cracked tongue and dry tongue surface are mostly deficient in body fluid; For those with excessive heat, the tongue is also crimson. Smooth tongue body: the tongue surface is smooth, without body fluid and tongue coating, as flat as a mirror, also known as "mirror tongue". No matter what the disease is, seeing this tongue picture shows that there are signs of disappearance of vaginal fluid in the body and serious loss of body fluids. Glossy tongue, crimson color, heat injury to yin, bright tongue, pale color, both qi and yin injury. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the tongue surface is smooth as a mirror, which is a serious tongue picture. According to the clinical observation of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, tongue slippery means that there is no moss and spots on the tongue, and all the filiform papillae and mushroom papillae of the tongue shrink, which is the manifestation of glossitis in the late stage. Tongue slippage can be seen in severe vitamin C deficiency, pernicious anemia, long-term persistent high fever, liver cirrhosis and pulmonary heart failure, uremia due to chronic renal failure, toxic shock, brain coma and other diseases. Studies have confirmed that various factors that lead to the necrosis of epithelial cells in the tongue mucosa may lead to the pale tongue as a mirror. Stagnant tongue: There are scattered purple-black ecchymosis or ecchymosis on the tip of the tongue or the edge of the tongue, indicating that there is "blood stasis block" in the body. People with blood stasis have slow blood flow in their bodies, and blood flow can even stop completely in some places. When people eat, they will accidentally bite the edge of the tip of the tongue; When people are sick, the fragility of blood vessels increases, and sometimes the blood vessels on the tongue are broken unconsciously. The tongue is more sensitive and often bleeds more easily than other parts of the human body, which makes the tongue prone to petechiae or ecchymosis. Ecchymosis and ecchymosis on the tongue are also common in young women. Most of them have irregular menstruation and dark menstruation, and often have symptoms such as blood clots and dysmenorrhea. Chinese medicine believes that this is a manifestation of blood stasis. Using drugs to regulate menstruation and promote blood circulation can make the microcirculation of the tongue smooth and the blood flow return to normal. Not only can irregular menstruation and dysmenorrhea be cured, but the ecchymosis on the tongue will also disappear. Many cancer patients have ecchymosis and ecchymosis on their tongues, sometimes accompanied by a blue tongue coating. According to statistics, about 50% of patients with malignant tumor have purple tongue, and about 20% have ecchymosis. If petechiae and ecchymosis suddenly appear on the tongue, it is necessary to conduct a detailed examination, which should be noted! Puffy tongue: the tongue body is enlarged and there are teeth marks on the edge of the tongue, which is called tongue fat; If you are fat, you will be swollen, your tongue will be stuffed with your mouth, and rotation will be invalid. What's more, it will affect your breathing and language. Chinese medicine believes that tongue fat suggests qi deficiency or water dampness; Fat and greasy tongue is mostly phlegm-dampness or damp-heat. The tongue is bright red and swollen, often with heart and stomach fever; Purple swelling of the tongue, mostly due to alcoholism; If the tongue is swollen or even the lips are swollen and blue, this is blood stasis, which is often caused by drug poisoning or food poisoning. Modern medicine believes that tongue swelling is mainly caused by connective tissue hyperplasia, tissue edema, or vascular and lymphatic reflux disorder, which is more common in patients with hypothyroidism, acromegaly, uremia and acute poisoning. Some patients will have throat or neck compression, such as severe laryngeal edema, or extremely enlarged thyroid gland, and the tongue will swell. Thin and flat tongue: the body of the tongue becomes thinner and thinner. Modern medicine believes that the cause of pale and flat tongue is malnutrition, which makes the muscles and epithelial mucosa of tongue atrophy. More common in chronic wasting diseases, accompanied by emaciation, such as severe pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary heart disease complicated with infection and advanced cancer, followed by long-term gastrointestinal dysfunction, vitamin and protein deficiency, pernicious anemia, etc. It can also make the tongue thinner. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the tongue meat is related to the heart and spleen, and the deficiency of both heart and spleen makes the tongue thin and flat. If the tongue is light and thin, it is yin and yang deficiency, lack of qi and blood, and it can't fill the tongue body, which will become thin because the tongue body can't be nourished for a long time; If the tongue is red and thin, it is due to yin deficiency and excessive fire. The more yin deficiency, the stronger the fire, so the tongue is dry and emaciated. Whether it is a new disease or a long-term disease, if you see a thin and flat tongue coating, you can't be light; If the tongue is thin, shriveled, withered and dull, the prognosis is mostly bad. Skirt tongue: the tongue extends beyond the scope of bickering between the two sides, which is obviously swollen and delicate. In addition, there are teeth marks on the edge of the tongue, just like the edge of a lesbian skirt. Skirt tongue is caused by malnutrition in the body, especially protein deficiency, which causes tongue edema. Tongue tissue is more sensitive than other organs, so edema may occur in other parts of the body at this time. Thorny tongue: that is, the tongue has thorns. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that this is caused by heat toxin, heart and lung fire and excessive stomach heat, which is common in high fever and pneumonia. Eating coarse dregs such as sugar cane and other foods often can cause tingling of tongue nipple, which can be distinguished from the presence or absence of other symptoms. Stripping: the tongue coating is partially peeled off, and the red tongue substance under the tongue coating is broken out. Most children with tongue peeling are allergic, prone to allergic diseases such as tinea lactis and asthma, and often have partial eclipse habits, mainly dislike vegetables, often accompanied by malnutrition, anemia, vitamin deficiency, intestinal parasites and so on. In western medicine, some striped tongues are called map-like tongues, because the center of striped tongues is sunken and bright red, while the edges are small gray protrusions, just like the winding national boundaries on the map model. Chinese medicine believes that flower peeling and tongue coating are congenital deficiencies, and it is necessary to take some kidney-tonifying Chinese medicines to improve physical fitness, such as Heche Jujube Pills and Placenta Powder. Adult tongue coating shedding belongs to yin deficiency and blood deficiency. Among them, the stripping of the first half of the tongue is due to the deficiency of heart yin and mild yin deficiency; The tongue root falls off because of liver and kidney yin deficiency, which is heavier; There is peeling tongue coating in the tongue, commonly known as chicken heart tongue, which means that the yin injury is very serious. Pale white tongue: the tongue color of pale white tongue is less red and more white. According to the ratio of red to white, it can be divided into two categories: one is that the tongue color is slightly lighter than that of normal people, but red can still be seen; The other tongue is white and bloodless, even the lips and gums are pale. Pale white tongue is generally normal and plump, its surface is moist and full of body fluid, as if there is extra water soaked in it, which makes it plump and delicate; At the edge of the tongue, obvious tooth marks appear because of being squeezed by teeth, which surround both sides of the tongue like lotus leaves. Pale and white tongue is an important sign of deficiency-cold syndrome. Look at the light color of the tongue, the tongue body is not fat, it is about the same size as a normal person, or the tongue body is slightly thin. Although the tongue surface is lubricated, the body fluid is not full, and there are symptoms such as shortness of breath, weakness, low voice, spontaneous sweating, palpitation, dizziness, tinnitus, pale mouth, pale face or chlorosis, which can be diagnosed as deficiency of both qi and blood. If the color of the tongue is pale, the body of the tongue is fat and tender, the body fluid is moist, there are teeth marks on the edge of the tongue, and there are symptoms such as chills, edema and drowsiness, loose stools, and delayed pulse, it can be diagnosed as yang deficiency and internal cold. Modern medicine has confirmed that pale white tongue is more common in patients with anemia, protein deficiency and malnutrition. In addition, chronic nephritis, hypothyroidism, hypotension, advanced schistosomiasis hypothermia, myxedema and so on. It may also be accompanied by a pale tongue. The patient's tongue coating is weakened mainly because of endocrine disorder, decreased metabolism, contraction of peripheral blood vessels, decreased blood filling and slow blood flow. Due to protein's metabolic disorder, the total amount of protein is insufficient, and albumin is reduced, which can make the tissue edema, lead to the phenomenon of floating and tender tongue, and even make the tongue become pale, showing a light, fat and tender tongue image. Crimson tongue: The color of normal human tongue is reddish and moist. If the tongue is bright red and mainly red, it is called red tongue; If the tongue is red and dark, it goes further than red, which is called crimson tongue. Before the appearance of crimson tongue, it often goes through the stage of red tongue. Their clinical significance and formation mechanism are similar. It is often said that the crimson tongue is a symbol of excessive heat, and the difference between them is only the degree of heat. Red tongue is caused by high fever and yin injury, which often occurs in pathological processes such as infection, poisoning, vitamin deficiency, dehydration, anemia and coma. The tongue is bright red or crimson, indicating that heat enters the blood, but the nature of heat is different from that of excess and deficiency. The difference between the two is as follows:-excess heat type of red tongue: mostly caused by acute fever, the onset is not long. Although the evil is strong, the healthy qi is persistent, and the high fever persists, it even makes people unconscious, incoherent, and the tongue is crimson, with more prominent red thorns and chapped tongue surface. The main contradiction is that heat toxin is evil, even if it hurts yin, it is not serious, so large doses of heat-clearing and cooling drugs should be used immediately. As the fever gets better, the red tongue will fade. -Red tongue due to yin deficiency: it is more common in chronic consumptive diseases or the late stage of fever, and the qi of pathogenic heat is already low, but the phenomenon of excessive consumption of yin, blood and body fluid and weakness of vital qi is more prominent, and there may be hot flashes in the afternoon and red face. Internal upset, less urine, dark color, dry mouth, alcohol addiction. At this time, the tongue is red or crimson, but the color is dark and not bright. There is little or no tongue coating, the tongue surface is dry and beautiful, the tongue edge is particularly red, and there is a red thorn phenomenon. This shows that the main contradiction lies in yin deficiency, which should be treated with large doses of traditional Chinese medicine for nourishing yin and promoting fluid production. If the tongue is dark red, the surface of the tongue is smooth as a mirror, and the tongue is dry, it means that the stomach and kidney are dry and the body fluid is seriously injured. Not only the dosage of nourishing yin drugs should be large, but also the spleen and stomach should be taken care of, and the treatment time should be long. The above means that the tongue surface is all red. If red only appears in the part of the tongue surface, it also has certain clinical significance. According to the regional distribution of the tongue surface, the tip of the tongue belongs to the heart, the crumbs in the tongue belong to the spleen and stomach, and the edge of the tongue belongs to the liver and gallbladder. Therefore, when the tongue color is mostly light and some are bright red, it can be distinguished according to its different parts. For example, red is the fire of the spleen and stomach in the middle of the tongue, the fire of the heart on the tip of the tongue, and the fire of the liver and gallbladder on both sides. Pale white with red, often with virtual fire. Red tongue is common in infectious fever cases and some chronic consumptive diseases, such as epidemic hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, septicemia, cholecystitis, bacterial endocarditis, high fever, heatstroke, etc., and can also be seen in the course of long-term consumptive low fever such as tuberculosis and cancer. Sjogren's syndrome, dehydration and postoperative fluid imbalance can also lead to red tongue. All diseases that increase basal metabolism, such as hyperthyroidism, hypertension, diabetes, etc. It can also make the tongue turn red. Excessive use of diuretics in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites can cause dehydration in the body, decrease serum potassium and make the tongue red, dry and lifeless. The red and bright tongue indicates that patients with liver cirrhosis are about to enter into hepatic coma, and preventive measures should be taken as soon as possible. Blue and purple tongue: blue and purple tongue can be divided into full tongue and partial blue and purple tongue. The so-called blue-purple of the whole tongue refers to the blue or purple evenly distributed on the whole tongue, or the blue-purple in the red-purple (with blue in the purple) or the blue-blue in the pink (with more blue than purple). The so-called partial cyanosis appears on the left or right side of the tongue, or on both sides, and there is one or two vertical cyanosis bands between the tongue edge and the central groove of the tongue; Or just blue-purple spots, and the rest of the tongue is not blue-purple. Yangmei tongue: The tongue is red and prickly, similar to Yangmei. It is common in patients with scarlet fever or high fever lasting for more than several days. Red tongue, common in hypertension, hyperthyroidism or fever. The tip of the tongue is red, because of long working hours, frequent insomnia and excessive heart fire, which leads to excessive consumption and lack of vitamins or other nutrients in the body. The tongue is dark red or purple for a long time, so be alert to cancer invasion. A survey of 12448 cancer patients in 33 hospitals and scientific research units in China, including the affiliated hospital of Shanghai Medical University, showed that most cancer patients had dark red or purplish red tongue images, especially esophageal and cardiac cancers, accounting for about 80%, followed by leukemia and lung cancer. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the lowest, accounting for about 20%; There are more late patients than early patients. Hard tongue: Hard tongue refers to a sign that the tongue body is neither swollen nor atrophied, but it is tough and loses its usual softness and elasticity, also known as "strong tongue". Because the tongue is stiff and ineffective, it is often accompanied by awkward, vague or discontinuous language. "Strong tongue" is common in some serious diseases, such as coma and convulsion. Appears after sudden fainting, often accompanied by hemiplegia, mouth and eyes askew and other symptoms; Appearing in syncope is an emergency warning of stroke. Modern medicine believes that tongue stiffness is often caused by central nervous system failure. It is found that this tongue image is more common in patients with epidemic encephalitis, high fever coma, liver coma, cerebrovascular accident, concussion and brain contusion. A few local factors on the tongue, such as severe tongue ulcer or the accumulation of hard and thick fur on the tongue, make the tongue rotation inflexible, but it is easy to distinguish it from tongue stiffness caused by central nervous system diseases. Soft tongue: it is normal for the tongue to be soft, but if the tongue is soft and weak, it is called soft tongue when it is turned over and stretched out. Although there are different reasons for the weakness of any part of the human body, the main reason is the lack of nutrition and relaxation of muscles. The weakness of the tongue is mostly due to the loss of heart, spleen and blood, which is not enough to nourish the meridians of the tongue. The flaccidity and softness of the tongue and the crimson color of the tongue are caused by extremely hot damage to body fluid, or excessive fire due to yang deficiency, resulting in deficiency of both stomach and kidney, insufficient body fluid, and failure to nourish the tongue body and veins. The tongue is weak, dry and red, which is the manifestation of kidney yang deficiency to the extreme, and the condition is dangerous. Oblique tongue: when the tongue sticks out, the tip of the tongue leans to one side, or left or right, which is called tongue skew. The affected lingual muscle is paralyzed and unable to contract. When the tongue is slightly elongated, the sides of the tongue will be uneven, so the tip of the tongue will turn left when the left tongue muscle is paralyzed and turn right when the right tongue muscle is paralyzed. This disease is common in stroke, that is, cerebrovascular accident. If it is a local disease, it is caused by hypoglossal nerve compression injury or facial paralysis. Unexplained tongue deviation should be vigilant to exclude intracranial lesions. Tongue tremor: involuntary vibration occurs when the tongue is stretched, which is caused by hyperactivity of liver yang, excessive heat and wind or qi deficiency. Due to hyperactivity of liver yang, heat is full of wind, and the color of tongue is crimson; Because of qi deficiency, the tongue is pale and white. Tongue tremor can be seen in high fever, hyperthyroidism, hypertension and some nervous system diseases. Tongue rolling: The tongue contracts, but it can't stretch, and some of them can't reach out of the mouth or even touch the teeth. This situation can be seen in the short congenital lingual frenulum, and the tongue cannot extend out of the mouth due to the traction of the frenulum. Orthopedic surgery is needed to cut off the frenulum of the tongue, and the tongue activity will recover soon. Because of illness, tongue contraction is often accompanied by weakness of the tongue body. Besides being curled and unable to stretch, the tongue also loses its flexibility and softness in rotation. Tongue contraction is a serious disease caused by the separation of yin and yang, or extreme heat hurting yin, or suddenly breaking yang. Tongue sticking out: the tongue often sticks out of the mouth, and it is difficult to retract, or it can't retract, and the mouth is watering. It is called vertical tongue, vertical tongue with deep red color, full tongue body, unconsciousness and impermanence of laughter, which is caused by the evil of phlegm-heat disturbing the mind. If the tongue is numb vertically, it is mostly qi deficiency. In children with hypothyroidism, the tongue often gets bigger, stretches between teeth, or hangs out of the mouth. Tongue twisting: A person repeatedly sticks his tongue out of his mouth and licks his lips. This is called tongue twisting. Heat in the heart and spleen, premonition of moving wind or mental retardation in children. The difference between tongue extension and tongue manipulation is that the former is difficult to extend and retract, while the latter can extend and retract, but repeatedly retract and spit out the tongue.