Abstract of the paper on the relationship between salt and human health

The application of chemical theory in life is also a teacher, preaching, teaching and solving doubts. As a high school chemistry teacher, how to really teach students the connection between chemistry theory and real life is the direction that chemistry teachers and * * * * jointly explore. The following is the application of chemical theory accumulated in my teaching in my life: First, the chemical substances that accompany me every day-the compound of salt and iodine. We know that the main component of salt is sodium chloride. This is the most commonly used condiment in people's lives. But its function is not only to increase the taste of food, but also the basic component of human tissues, which plays an important role in ensuring normal physiological and biochemical activities and functions in the body. The effects of sodium and chlorine in the body are interrelated with potassium and other elements, which is very complicated. Its main function is to control the electrolyte balance in cells, tissue fluid and blood, so as to maintain the normal circulation of body fluids and control the acid-base balance in the body. NaCl and KCl play a role in regulating the proper viscosity or consistency of blood; Acids and other digestive compounds in gastric juice, pancreatic juice and bile that begin to digest certain foods are also formed by sodium and potassium salts in the blood. In addition, appropriate concentrations of Na, K and Cl- also play an important role in the physiological process of retinal response to light. In addition, gargling with light salt water can not only effectively treat and prevent oral diseases such as sore throat and swollen gums, but also prevent colds. (This knowledge is in People's Education Edition) In food and medical treatment, they are also important nutrients and drugs, which play an important role in maintaining human health. Iodine is an essential trace element for human body and an important component of thyroid hormone. In normal people, * * * contains iodine 15 mg ~ 20 mg, of which 70% ~ 80% is concentrated in the thyroid gland. Iodine in human body exists in the form of compounds, and its main physiological function is to form thyroid gland. The physiological function and important role of thyroxine are directly related to iodine. Iodine deficiency in human body can lead to a series of biochemical disorders and abnormal physiological functions, such as endemic goiter, which can lead to growth stagnation and mental retardation of infants and young children. China is a serious iodine deficiency area in the world, and about 400 million people in China are iodine deficient. The government has also taken some measures, such as providing iodine-containing salts (iodine compounds) and other foods (such as eggs with high iodine). Eat seafood rich in iodine, among which salt containing iodine is the most convenient and effective. In March this year, our government made a solemn commitment to the international community: eliminating iodine deficiency disorders in Chinese mainland in 2000. (This knowledge is in the "halogen element" of high school chemistry in People's Education Edition. ) 2. The chemical name of vinegar (acid) A kind of Schisandra chinensis is acetic acid, and its molecular formula is CH3COOH. And there are many uses: 1, when cooking, adding vinegar not only tastes delicious, but also protects vitamin C in vegetables (because vitamin C is not easy to be destroyed in acidic environment). 2. When cooking ribs, chicken and fish, if vinegar is added, a large amount of calcium and phosphorus in bones can be dissolved in soup, thus greatly improving the absorption rate of calcium and phosphorus in human body. Such as atrophic gastritis), if often seasoned with a small amount of vinegar, it can not only stimulate appetite, but also cure diseases. When the fish is not fresh, cooking with vinegar can not only remove the fishy smell, but also kill bacteria. Vinegar can be used as a good medicine to prevent dysentery. Dysentery bacteria will die as soon as they encounter vinegar, so being jealous in the summer when dysentery is prevalent can increase the effect of killing dysentery bacteria in the stomach. Vinegar can also prevent influenza. Close indoor doors and windows, pour vinegar into the pot and boil until it is dry, which can kill germs. 7. A drop of vinegar when you shine your shoes can make your shoes shine for a long time. 8. Copper and aluminum are old. Wipe them with vinegar to restore luster. 9. Before killing chickens and ducks, pour some vinegar in and pluck the hair. Wipe it off. 1 1, and the scale in the thermos can be removed by soaking it in vinegar. 12, towels are prone to mildew and odor in summer. Washing towels with a small amount of vinegar can eliminate the odor. (This knowledge is in the "Derivatives of Hydrocarbons" in Senior Two Chemistry of People's Education Edition. Thirdly, cigarettes, a voluntary poison, are introduced from a chemical point of view. Nature and harm. Substances harmful to human body after cigarette ignition can be roughly divided into six categories: (1) aldehydes, nitrides and olefins, which have irritating effects on respiratory tract. (2) Nicotine can stimulate sympathetic nerve and cause intimal injury. (3) Amines, cyanide and heavy metals are all toxic substances. (4) benzopyrene, arsenic and olefins. Other radioactive substances. These substances are carcinogenic. ⑤ Phenolic compounds and formaldehyde, etc. , will accelerate cancer. (6) Carbon monoxide can reduce the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to the whole body. Recently, Japanese scholars have shown that smoke also contains the most toxic compound "dioxin" among known substances. They can cause and aggravate various diseases, such as cancer, pneumonia, bronchitis, hypertension and hyperosteogeny. Various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, asthma, infertility and other diseases. According to the information provided by the World Health Organization, about 654.38+0 billion people worldwide die of smoking-related diseases every year. Teenagers are in the period of growth and development, respiratory mucosa is easy to be damaged, and smoking is more harmful. According to the survey, the incidence of lung cancer is 654.38+07 times higher than that of non-smokers. China's Code for Primary and Secondary School Students stipulates that students are not allowed to smoke. (This knowledge runs through the organic matter in senior two chemistry of People's Education Press. ) 4. Learning Assistant-Pen 1 pencil lead is made of graphite mixed with a certain proportion of clay. When more clay is added, the Hardness of pencil lead increases, and the pen is marked with the initials H of hard. On the contrary, with the increase of graphite proportion, the hardness decreases and the cracking increases. This pen is marked with the initials b of black's name. Ballpoint pen: Ink is a kind of viscous oil, which is made of linseed oil, synthetic pine nut oil (mainly containing terpene alcohol), mineral oil (oil obtained by fractionation of petroleum and other minerals) and hard rubber oil smoke. When using a ballpoint pen, don't write on paper with oil and wax, otherwise the oil and wax will be embedded in the copper bowl along the edge of the steel ball, which will affect the oil output and make it impossible to write. Also avoid the impact and exposure of the pen. Penholder deformation, refill oil leakage, polluting objects. If it is cold or not used for a long time, when the pen is out of oil, you can put the nib in warm water for a while, and then draw the nib on the paper to write. 3. Pen: The nib is made of special steel containing 5% ~ 10% chromium and nickel alloy. Cr-Ni steel is a kind of stainless steel with strong corrosion resistance and difficult oxidation. Life's right-hand man: (1) Remove stains from clothes: Here are some simple ways to remove common stains: 1, sweat stains: Method 1: Soak clothes with 10% salt water for a while, and then wash them with soap. Method 2: Add a small amount of carbon amine [(NH4)2CO3] into a proper amount of water. After stirring and dissolving, soak the clothes with sweat stains in it for a while, and then rub them repeatedly. 2. Drop gasoline or alcohol on the oil stain, and the oil stain will disappear after the gasoline (or alcohol) volatilizes. 3. Blue ink stain: Method 1: Add a small amount of urea [(NH4)2CO3] and a small amount of edible alkali [Na2CO3 or NaHCO3] into a proper amount of water and stir. Soak the clothes stained with blue ink in it for a while, and then rub them repeatedly. Method 2: Soak the part stained with blue ink in 2% oxalic acid solution for a few minutes, and then wash it off with detergent. 4. Because blood stains contain protein, protein is not easy to dissolve when heated, so you can't wash blood stains with hot water. Method 1: soak the part stained with blue ink in hydrogen peroxide or bleaching powder water for a while, and then rub it. Method 2: Wash it. Sprinkle salt and stir evenly, squeeze out radish juice after 10 minutes, soak the blood-stained part in radish juice for a while, and then scrub. 5. Soak the newly infected juice stain with salt water, and then scrub it with soap. If it takes a long time, you can use the method 1. 6. Rust spots: add a little oxalic acid to hot water and stir to dissolve all oxalic acid, and put the rusty part into oxalic acid. Then wipe it with soap. 7. Soak the part with tea stains with saturated salt water, and then wipe it with soap. (2) Cleverly remove the scale on the kettle 1, put the empty kettle on the fire and dry the water with scale. When the scale at the bottom of the pot cracks, take it off quickly and put it in cold water. The scale at the bottom of the pot will fall off due to thermal expansion and cold contraction. 2. When the boiling water in the pot has scale, you can put some vinegar and add water to boil for a while, and the scale can be removed. 4. When boiling water in aluminum pot, put a spoonful of baking soda and boil it for 10 minute, and the scale can be removed. (3) Adding proper amount of white vinegar (CH3COOH) and soda ash (Na2CO3) into the flour of steamed bread to produce carbon dioxide. Through high school chemistry theory, we can also distinguish "silk" from "rayon", distinguish between true and false gold and silver, preservatives in food, disinfection effects of alcohol and phenol, etc. In short, chemistry is everywhere in life. The key lies in whether we pay attention to observing and learning knowledge in our life. In the future, let's continue to accumulate knowledge for the application of high school chemistry theory in life.