Psychoanalytic theory is a school founded by Freud. Its main point of view is that the energy of people's spiritual activities comes from instinct, which is the internal driving force to promote individual behavior and influence and control people's behavior through subconscious ways. Representative theory includes the defense mechanism of repression theory and psychoanalysis technology, a complete theoretical system and a set of methods for treating mental illness.
Behavior theory is a school founded by Watson, whose main point is that behavior is learners' response to environmental stimuli. Behaviorism later experienced various developments and became the second largest school of psychology. Applying behaviorism learning theory to learning and education practice requires teachers to master the repetitiveness of shaping and correcting students' behaviors, create an environment for students and strengthen students' behaviors to the maximum extent. For example, criticizing students and rewarding students are both negative reinforcement and positive reinforcement, such as observational learning theory, in which children will acquire reinforced behaviors, such as potential learning, which are behavioral schools.
The representatives of humanism are Maslow and Rogers. The core of this school is people. Paying attention to people's needs, self-realization and potential aims at self-realization and potential development. The most famous is Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, as well as Rogers' humanistic treatment model and visitor-centered therapy. Giving unconditional positive attention and respect to visitors is a theory being used in psychological counseling at present, which has greatly promoted and inspired the current psychological counseling.
Cognitive behavior theory, they believe that beliefs and expectations are the intermediary between stimulus and response. That is, the individual's cognitive factors of stimulus are important variables of emotion and behavior. Ellis's ABC emotional therapy is the most widely used therapy in the field of mental health. He believes that the irrational and unrealistic beliefs generated by the cognitive system are the fundamental reasons for his emotional disorder and neurosis. The solution to this problem is to change unreasonable beliefs and turn them into reasonable beliefs, such as cognitive homework and reasonable self-analysis techniques, which are very popular cognitive behavior schools.