1, for children.
The ultimate goal of education is to enable every child to develop at the original level. Preschool teachers should realize that every child is an independent individual. Before preparing lessons, we should fully understand all the children, pay attention to their individual differences, and strive to teach students in accordance with their aptitude to achieve the purpose of teaching and educating people. Generally speaking, kindergarten teachers can understand children from the following aspects:
1. Children's age characteristics, personality differences, hobbies, temperament.
2. Children's recent development areas, cognitive processes and learning needs.
3 children's existing experience, knowledge level and acceptance.
Tips: When preparing lessons, we should avoid the influence of teachers' egoism, put children in the starting point and core position of teaching, pay attention to children's interests and needs, and promote children's active learning.
Step 2 prepare teachers
(1) Organizational Language: Kindergarten teachers should be good at choosing the most pertinent, accurate and vivid language to express what they want to teach, so that children can understand and operate clearly and achieve the highest activity benefit.
(2) Designing teaching mode: The posture, expression and gestures of preschool teachers in class are important auxiliary forms to express language. If the teaching style is lively, generous and natural, children's attention can be highly concentrated and children can deeply understand what they have learned.
(3) Conduct a trial lecture: Before the activity, the trial lecture is mainly to see whether the process of an activity is in step with the preparation of lessons and how to master the time of an activity in order to achieve better results in formal activities. You can talk while walking in the morning, or you can talk silently before going to bed.
(4) Regulating emotions: Harmonious teacher-student relationship is closely related to relaxed teaching atmosphere. Only in a relaxed and happy environment will children be happy to learn, easy to learn and eager to learn. Therefore, no matter what troubles preschool teachers have, they should forget them before class and prepare lessons with the best appearance and mental state, and the teaching effect will be better.
Step 3 prepare teaching materials
Teaching materials are the basic carrier of teachers' implementation. Preschool teachers should understand the guiding ideology and main characteristics of textbook compilation in various fields of classes of this age by repeatedly reading textbooks and consulting relevant materials; Master the knowledge system, logical structure and arrangement intention of teaching materials; Understand the teaching objectives, key points and difficulties of each unit and class, and understand the relationship between various fields.
4. Preparatory activities
(1) Goal setting: Kindergarten teachers should fully tap the educational value of the activity and determine the goal of this activity. Teaching objectives should be specific and flexible to meet the needs of individual children. The complete target content should include three aspects: cognition, skills and emotion.
For example, the language activity of "toothless tiger" aims at: ① understanding the words in the story: ×××××, ×××××. By looking at the pictures, you can tell the reason why the tiger has no teeth. ③ Know the importance of protecting teeth.
(2) Determine the focus: For the activities with teaching materials, we should analyze the focus of the teaching materials. The focus of teaching materials generally refers to the most basic and critical content in teaching materials, mainly including basic concepts and methods. The focus of teaching should be based on the reality of children and the specific situation of children in the class. It can be said that the focus of teaching materials must be the focus of teaching; The focus of teaching is not only the focus of teaching materials.
(3) Identify difficulties: Knowledge, complex skills and unfamiliar skills that most children find difficult to understand, master and use are all difficulties. On the one hand, the difficulty lies in the abstract teaching materials, which are difficult for children to understand. We might as well use the principles from concrete to abstract and from perceptual to rational, give more examples and demonstrations, give children rich perceptual knowledge, and turn abstract into concrete. On the other hand, difficulties come from children. For different classes and children, the difficulty will be different because of their different knowledge base, life experience and understanding ability.
(4) Prepare teaching AIDS: Teaching AIDS are an important means of teaching. It can attract children to operate and learn with their brains. Kindergarten activities need to rely on various teaching AIDS to guide children to communicate and operate, feel knowledge and learn skills while watching, listening, touching and playing. Therefore, teaching AIDS play an important role in kindergarten teaching.
(5) Designing teaching methods: On the basis of solving "what to teach" and "what to learn", implementing "how to teach" and "how to learn", that is, designing, selecting and processing teaching methods according to teaching purposes, teaching materials and children's reality. Effective teaching activities require teachers to adopt flexible and diverse "teaching methods" and "learning methods" and achieve the best combination state, thus promoting children's vivid, lively and active learning.
Teaching methods should include:
1. According to children's cognitive characteristics, consider how to carry out teaching step by step from shallow to deep, from near to far, from concrete to abstract, from perceptual to rational;
2. How to highlight key points, disperse difficulties, grasp key points and deal with weaknesses;
3. What teaching methods are adopted, the operation and use of teaching tools, etc.
4. How to introduce new grants and review and consolidate these grants; How to stimulate interest, strengthen motivation, attract attention, enlighten thinking and encourage innovation;
(6) Preparation time: roughly estimate the time required for teaching activities and design the time required for each link. For example, for addition 7, the first link takes 2 minutes, the introduction of addition 7 takes 1 minute, the group discussion takes 5 minutes, and the analysis formula finds the rule takes 5 minutes to avoid delay.