1. Zhao Jianguo and Miao Li mentioned that atypical employment, also known as flexible employment and informal employment, corresponds to the flexibility of the labor market in terms of quantity, practice, function and salary. Chinese scholars believe that atypical employment is the general name of various employment forms in working hours, income and remuneration, workplace, insurance and welfare, labor relations and other aspects of traditional mainstream employment methods based on industrialization and modern factory system.
Second, Ren Yuan and other scholars divided atypical employment into three types in Employment in Transition Period: Analysis of Urban Community Employment Situation and Social Policy (2007): First, employers provide jobs for workers, and workers and employers sign corresponding labor contracts to engage in mandatory work. During the contract period, the employees are employees of the employing unit, belonging to wage earners, and the employing unit shall perform the obligations of the employing unit in accordance with relevant laws and employment contracts. Including part-time employment, short-term employment, dispatched employment, seasonal employment, simple employment and remote employment, all the jobs of the workers are provided by the employer, and the workers sign corresponding labor contracts with the employer. Second, although the jobs of atypical employees are also provided by employers, and the workers are also engaged in mandatory work, generally, the two sides do not sign employment contracts for the old couple, such as standby employment. Third, atypical employees create their own jobs. Laborers do not have labor relations with any unit, but only provide products or technologies and services, and belong to unpaid workers. Including contract employment, self-employment, self-employment and family employment. Therefore, the "flexibility" of atypical employment makes it difficult for atypical employees to be included in the traditional contributory social security system. If the social security system is to play its role as a "safety net" and bring atypical employees into the social security system, it is necessary to establish a new social security system that is different from the conventional payment social security system. Therefore, the current social security system is facing a difficult problem: no matter what form of employment, it can not only provide basic income security for workers, but also maintain their existing living standards. However, the existing forms of social security can hardly meet this requirement.
Thirdly, in Thoughts on Perfecting the Social Insurance System for Flexible Employees (2008), Yu Zeng believes that the informal labor relations and social insurance relations of atypical employees often make it difficult for these workers to be covered by social insurance. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the social insurance policy of atypical employees in concept, system and management to make it more operable and effective. The characteristics of the new social insurance system for atypical employees should reflect wide coverage, low rate and easy transfer. In addition, trade unions should explore the protection of social insurance rights and interests of atypical employees.
Fourthly, Xiao Yun and Liu Hui, in the article "Research on Social Security Needs and Countermeasures of Flexible Employment Groups at the Bottom —— Based on the Investigation and Analysis of 363" Bangbang "in Chongqing" (2008), positioned the research perspective on the atypical employment groups at the bottom. They refer to the lower-level or bottom-level groups in atypical employment groups, which are unable to enter formal units for employment due to low cultural quality and lack of labor skills, and have low wages, poor living conditions, mostly primary school education or below, and weak employment competitiveness. It is believed that the emergence of atypical employment groups at the bottom not only meets the market demand, but also hinders the development of society. The powerful "safety net" function of social security is not only conducive to ensuring the basic life of the bottom atypical employment groups, but also conducive to achieving social fairness and justice and promoting the construction of a harmonious socialist society. Low-level atypical employment groups have a strong sense of participating in pension, medical care, work injury and unemployment insurance. However, because all kinds of insurance projects are designed on the basis of formal labor relations, the social security system in urban and rural areas is not suitable, the restrictions and publicity of the household registration system are not enough, and the participation situation is not optimistic. Some people even don't understand the social security system, which requires the relevant government departments not only to increase the publicity and implementation of policies, enhance the credibility of social security, but also to gradually break down the barriers between urban and rural areas.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Research on medical insurance for atypical employees, Hu's "Current Situation and Policy of Flexible Employment Participating in Basic Medical Insurance (2008)" holds that the reasons for the low participation rate of atypical employees are: (1) The relevant departments have insufficient understanding of the importance of atypical employees participating in basic medical insurance. (2) The existing system is flawed. Different places have different ways to participate in insurance, and cross-border areas may be excluded from the system. The payment level is single. (3) There are problems in social medical insurance agencies. Insufficient publicity and low service level. To this end, they proposed that atypical employees should be included in the basic medical insurance for urban employees as a special group; All localities should make good plans to achieve national unity and prevent cross-border employment from losing their jobs; Realize the diversification of payment level, term and method; Appropriately relax the conditions for participating in insurance (there are artificial obstacles in the binding of old-age care and medical care) and increase the selectivity of insurance coverage; Set up a "medical insurance service window" directly for individuals, simplify the procedures for enrollment and provide one-stop service; Improve technical means and information management capabilities; Increase policy propaganda. Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Mao Ying's Demand for Basic Medical Insurance for Flexible Employees —— Taking An and Baoji as Examples (2006) Based on the survey of atypical employees in An and Baoji in Shaanxi Province in 2005, this paper discusses the main influencing factors of atypical employees' participation in basic medical insurance for urban employees by using Logistic regression model. The results show that the education level of atypical employees, the type of household registration, the nature of the original work unit before flexible employment, and the purchase of commercial health insurance have become the main factors affecting their participation in insurance. Reasonable medical insurance system arrangement can improve the medical insurance demand of atypical employees.
Research on the Endowment Insurance for Atypical Employees Zhou Jingling and Huang Aifang's Thoughts on Flexible Employment Participating in Basic Endowment Insurance (2007) analyzed the basic characteristics of Atypical Employees and many problems existing in the endowment insurance for Atypical Employees in China, and put forward some policy suggestions for Atypical Employees' Endowment Insurance suitable for China's national conditions. They think that the problems faced by the basic old-age insurance for atypical employees in China include small coverage; Low participation rate and inactive participation; Management service is not in place. In this regard, they proposed: (1) to change the concept of taking formal employment as the main insurance object; (2) Implementing a flexible endowment insurance policy; (3) Perfecting the preferential policies of the government; (4) Improve management and service capabilities by technical means; (5) Increase the publicity of endowment insurance. Tao (2007) thinks that the endowment insurance problem of such a huge atypical employment group has become the joint point of expanding the coverage of endowment insurance at present. However, due to the lack of clear definition and management of "atypical employment", it is difficult to bring this group into the old-age insurance system. By introducing the definition of "atypical employment" in the current theoretical circle, he classified atypical employment groups from two angles according to the characteristics of such groups. On the basis of analyzing the difficulties of bringing atypical employees into the old-age insurance system at present, this paper puts forward some thoughts on the old-age insurance for atypical employees: the bottleneck of expanding the coverage of old-age insurance lies in: (1) Clearly defining the connotation and extension of "atypical employment" is the basis of "expanding coverage". (2) According to the principle of flexibility and low standards, atypical employees will be included in the old-age insurance system.
Firstly, scholars analyzed the social security of atypical employees from different angles and contents. It can be seen from the research of various scholars that there are many problems in the social security of atypical employees in China. Generally speaking, there are problems in the current social security of atypical employees: first, there is a lack of unity; Second, the number of participants is small and the support ability is weak; Third, the security system is not perfect. In this regard, scholars have put forward many similar suggestions: (1) issue national laws and policies; (2) adopt a more flexible approach; (3) Implementing the social security agency mechanism for atypical employees; (4) Implementing a wide range of social incentive mechanisms; (5) Make an atypical employee personal account first; (6) Intensify publicity. In addition, the research perspectives and contents of scholars are also worth learning.